scholarly journals A legitimação da educação física escolar: a cultura corporal de movimento como linguagem e condição de possiblidade de conhecimento

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luis Eugênio Martiny ◽  
Larissa Zanetti Theil ◽  
Eloy Maciel Neto

INTRODUÇÃO: A Educação Física escolar construiu-se por meio de diferentes influências pedagógicas históricas que produziram interferências marcantes na escola, no fazer pedagógico dos profissionais imersos nesse contexto, e consequentemente, contribuíram para um estado de crise identitária da Educação Física. OBJETIVO: Diante este cenário o objetivo principal deste estudo é a reflexão acerca da legitimidade da Educação Física como componente do currículo escolar. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio teórico que propõe a problematização da Educação Física escolar, com destaque para as intervenções pedagógicas dos conteúdos da cultura corporal de movimento. Primeiramente fez-se uma reflexão e discussão sobre o objeto de estudo da Educação Física, posteriormente sobre a sua relevância, seu lugar de pertencimento no sistema de ensino como componente curricular, e por último, sobre as suas condições de possibilidade de conhecimento a partir do saber científico e do saber do senso comum. RESULTADOS: A possibilidade de conhecimento da Educação Física e por conseguinte, sua legitimação, dar-se-á pela harmonização entre aquilo que a diferencia e aquilo que a integra, ou seja, do arranjo entre diferentes manifestações da cultura corporal do movimento e a linguagem. CONCLUSÃO: É importante destacar que não se pretendeu produzir respostas prescritivas, porém é necessário produzir e discutir acerca da responsabilidade curricular da Educação Física como disciplina, trazendo à tona maiores esclarecimentos do universo representativo dessa área do saber. Para além, tem-se consciência que este estudo não colocará um ponto final em toda esta temática. Antes pelo contrário, é um ponto de partida para que se possa realizar novas investigações e intervenções pedagógicas que consigam explorar os conteúdos da cultura corporal de movimento nas aulas de Educação Física. ABSTRACT. The legitimization of physical education at school: the body culture of movement as a language and condition for the possibility of knowledgeBACKGROUND: School Physical Education was built through different historical pedagogical influences that produced marked interferences in the school, in the pedagogical practice of professionals immersed in this context, and, consequently, contributed to a state of identity crisis in Physical Education. OBJECTIVE: In view of this scenario, the main objective of this study is to reflect on the legitimacy of Physical Education as a component of the school curriculum. METHODS: This is a theoretical essay that proposes the problematization of school Physical Education, with emphasis on pedagogical interventions on the contents of body culture of movement. Firstly, there was a reflection and discussion about the object of study of Physical Education, later about its relevance, its place of belonging in the education system as a curricular component, and finally, about its conditions of possibility of knowledge from the scientific knowledge and common sense knowledge. RESULTS: The possibility of knowledge of Physical Education and, therefore, its legitimation, will occur through the harmonization between what differentiates it and what integrates it, that is, the arrangement between different manifestations of the movement’s body culture and language. CONCLUSION: It is important to highlight that it was not intended to produce prescriptive responses, but it is necessary to produce and discuss the curricular responsibility of Physical Education as a discipline, bringing to the fore further clarifications from the representative universe of this area of knowledge. In addition, we are aware that this study will not put an end to this whole theme. On the contrary, it is a starting point for new investigations and pedagogical interventions that can explore the contents of body culture of movement in Physical Education classes.

Author(s):  
Cíntia Regina de Fátima ◽  
Flávia Gonçalves da Silva

LUDIC ACTIVITY IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT: Elkonin’s contributions to scholar physical educationLA ACTIVIDAD LÚDICA EN EL DESARROLLO DEL NIÑO: contribuciones de Elkonin para la educación física escolarAs atividades lúdicas, como conteúdo curricular da Educação Física, ao mesmo tempo em que propiciam momentos de lazer e recreação, também representam formas pedagógicas de promover o ensino, uma vez que fazem parte do conteúdo da cultura corporal. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as concepções de atividades lúdicas na perspectiva de Elkonin, compreender sua relação com os processos de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem e relaciona-las aos conteúdos da Educação Física escolar na educação infantil. Este estudo foi feito a partir da análise da principal obra de Elkonin – Psicologia do jogo – e dos objetivos da educação física na educação infantil colocados nos documentos oficiais do MEC e da concepção sobre a cultura corporal. A atividade lúdica, para Elkonin, é a representação de um papel e o uso de um objeto subentendendo outro. É por meio do jogo que a criança apreende a realidade e desenvolve as funções psíquicas, possibilitando sua ação consciente no mundo. Sob este ponto de vista apresenta-se a importância das atividades lúdicas no desenvolvimento da criança e algumas estratégias pedagógicas que visam facilitar o ensino da educação física. Conclui-se que há a necessidade do professor de educação física compreender o indivíduo em sua totalidade e, em função disso, ensinar a cultura corporal para além do aspecto motor, contribuindo, intencionalmente, para o desenvolvimento da criança. Torna-se assim oportuna a concepção do educar pelo movimento, superando as teorias que se limitam à compreensão de corpo versus mente, ainda recorrente na prática pedagógica do professor de educação física.Palavras-chave: Educação Física; Psicologia Histórico-Cultural; Ensino-Aprendizagem; Desenvolvimento.ABSTRACTThe ludic activities, as Physical Education curricular content, propitiate at the same time leisure and recreation moments and also represent pedagogical ways to promote learning, once it is part of the body culture content. Thereof, the purpose of this paper was to study the Ludic Activities conceptions in Elkonin’s perspectives, to comprehend its relation to learning and development processes and to relate these conceptions to scholar Physical Education contents in early childhood education. This study was done from the analysis of Elkonin’s main work – Psychology of play - from the physical education purposes in childhood education used in Brazilians’ educational official documents and from the body culture conception. To Elkonin, the ludic activity is the representation of a role and the use of one object being understood as other. It is through the game/play that child apprehends the reality and assimilates psyche functions, enabling its conscious action in world. In this way, it is learning that boosts development and not the opposite. Under this point of view it is shown the ludic activity importance in child development and some pedagogical strategies that look for facilitate the body culture contents teaching. We conclude that the physical education teacher must comprehend the individual in its totality and, because of this, teach physical education over and above motor aspects, contributing, intentionally, to child development. In this way it makes opportune the conception to educate through movement, overcoming the theories that are limited to the comprehension of body versus mind, still recurrent in the physical education teacher’s pedagogical practice. Keywords: Physical Education; Historical-cultural Psychology; Teaching-Learning; Development.RESUMENLas actividades lúdicas, como contenido curricular de la Educación Física, mientras ofrecen momentos de recreación también representan formas pedagógicas de fomentar la enseñanza, ya que hacen parte del contenido de la cultura corporal. A partir de eso, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las concepciones de actividades lúdicas en la perspectiva de Elkonin, comprender su relación con los procesos de desarrollo y aprendizaje y relacionarlas a los contenidos de la Educación Física escolar en la educación infantil. Este estudio se hizo a partir del análisis de la principal obra de Elkonin - Psicología del juego - y de los objetivos de la educación física en la educación infantil colocados en los documentos oficiales del MEC y de la concepción sobre la cultura corporal. La actividad lúdica, para Elkonin, es la representación de un papel y el uso de un objeto deduciendo otro. Es a través del juego que el niño aprehende la realidad y desarrolla las funciones psíquicas, permitiendo su acción consciente en el mundo. Desde este punto de vista se presenta la importancia de las actividades lúdicas en el desarrollo infantil y algunas estrategias pedagógicas que tienen por objetivo facilitar la enseñanza de la educación física. Se concluye que hay la necesidad del profesor de educación física comprender al individuo en su totalidad y, por eso, enseñar la cultura corporal más allá del aspecto motor, contribuyendo, intencionalmente, al desarrollo del niño. Se vuelve así oportuna la concepción del educar por el movimiento, superando las teorías que se limitan a la comprensión de cuerpo versus mente, aún recurrente en la práctica pedagógica del profesor de educación física.Palabras clave: Educación Física; Psicología Histórico-Cultural; Enseñanza-Aprendizaje; Desarrollo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luciana Santos Collier

INTRODUÇÃO: A Educação Física é a disciplina do currículo escolar que aborda a cultura corporal, com a finalidade de introduzir e integrar o estudante a essa esfera do conhecimento, formando o cidadão que vai produzir, reproduzir e transformar essa cultura. Possibilitar experiências diversificadas no âmbito das práticas corporais e fortalecer a participação dos estudantes nas aulas são fatores fundamentais no desenvolvimento da disciplina. OBJETIVO: Este relato que tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a proposta de oficinas temáticas nas aulas de Educação Física escolar, a partir das opiniões de estudantes do ensino fundamental 2 e médio de uma escola pública federal no município de Niterói (RJ). MÉTODOS: Se caracteriza como uma pesquisa qualitativa crítica que utilizou como registro, as respostas dadas por aproximadamente 160 estudantes nas avaliações da disciplina, que, além de nortear a tomada de decisão para a realização das atividades, constituiu o corpo da investigação que ora apresentamos. RESULTADOS: Percebemos que as oficinas temáticas possibilitaram a ampliação dos conhecimentos e vivências relacionados à cultura corporal e uma maior maturidade na relação dos estudantes com a disciplina, com os colegas das diferentes turmas e com a professora. CONCLUSÃO: Foi perceptível a modificação da percepção dos estudantes sobre a Educação Física escolar, bem como ampliação da consciência crítica, colaborando com desenvolvimento da cidadania.ABSTRACT. Thematic workshops in school physical education.BACKGROUND: Physical Education is the discipline of the school curriculum that addresses body culture, with the purpose of introducing and integrating the student into this sphere of knowledge, forming the citizen who will produce, reproduce and transform this culture. Enabling diverse experiences within the scope of body practices and strengthening the participation of students in classes are fundamental factors in the development of the discipline. OBJECTIVE: This report aims to present and discuss the proposal for thematic workshops in school Physical Education classes, based on the opinions of elementary and high school students from a federal public school in the city of Niterói (RJ, Brazil). METHODS: The investigation is characterized as a qualitative critical research that used as a record, the answers given by approximately 160 students in the evaluations of the discipline, which, in addition to guiding the decision making for the performance of the activities, constituted the body of the investigation that we present here. RESULTS: We realized that thematic workshops enabled the expansion of knowledge and experiences related to body culture and greater maturity in the relationship of students with the discipline, with colleagues in different classes and with the teacher. CONCLUSION: It was noticeable that students’ perception of school Physical Education changed, as well as the expansion of critical awareness, collaborating with the development of citizenship.


2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kudláček

The Influence of Dualism and Pragmatism on Physical EducationPhysical education is an area in which most professionals focus only on the body and its needs. Most PE teachers do not believe that having an understanding of philosophy is important in order to be a good teacher. One might ask why the physical educators think this. Looking at the history of philosophy we might find the answer within philosophy itself. Physical education is an unquestionable part of the school curriculum, but it does not have the same value as other subjects. The importance of PE is underestimated as school administrators stress the importance of academic subjects. The reason why physical education is so strongly separated from academic disciplines is because of its roots in ancient Greek times, when the soul was separated from the body. Medieval scholars stressed the importance of soul and cursed body as the nest of sins. From then on we have had dualism, a term which is widely adopted by western society. Dualism is so deep in us that we do not realize its impact any more. Other strong educational influence came from great thinkers such as: Comenius (1592-1670), Rousseau (1712-1778) and Dewey (1859-1952). Particularly Dewey's influence on American education, society, psychology, philosophy and way of life is significant. An importance of the experience is valued by Pragmatism. Pragmatists believe that the curriculum should be focused on the child and not on facts, they remind us about the role of education in society, and about the realization of the deep roots of division of our bodily and mental functions. The opportunities offered by the pragmatist's approach to education can help us to improve U.S. education, particularly physical education, and thus to use this to improve the state of American society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Dimitri Wuo Pereria ◽  
Renan Oliveira De Paula ◽  
André Batista Da Silva ◽  
Camila Bianca Galindo ◽  
Vinicius Sampaio Feitoza Dos Santos

A observação de pessoas procurando praças, ruas, paredes de escalada, bancos, muros e rampas pela cidade, para se divertir e se exercitar representa um novo contexto de prática esportiva que esta pesquisa busca revelar. O objetivo deste estudo foi reconhecer os locais e atores das práticas de skate, escalada e slakline e suas motivações para a busca destas modalidades. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com 46 sujeitos, sendo 16 escaladores, 20 skatistas e 10 slakliners, da cidade de São Paulo, que responderam um questionário desenvolvido especificamente para essas atividades. Os resultados apontaram que: Há predominância do sexo masculino entre os participantes, revelando um preconceito que ainda perdura na prática esportiva. Os escaladores têm média de idade maior do que os demais, talvez devido à necessidade de equipamentos mais caros, dos maiores riscos da prática e da necessidade de cursos para aprendizagem. Os skatistas em média praticam há mais tempo, provavelmente porque a cultura do skate é mais antiga e consolidada em São Paulo. Observa-se que no slakline todos praticam a menos de três anos mostrando que é uma modalidade ainda recente no cenário nacional. Os participantes da pesquisa afirmam ter aprendido sozinhos, ou com amigos e familiares, evidenciando-se nesse aspecto que a Educação Física não é considerada como iniciação. Os sujeitos apontam o ganho de benefícios físicos, mentais e sociais nas suas vidas e sua intenção de continuar a prática pela qualidade de vida, diversão, evolução física e psicológica. Apenas 10,8% afirmam competir, o que mostra que os esportes radicais são considerados na perspectiva da participação voluntária. Conclui-se que os esportes radicais estão sendo incorporados à rotina das pessoas, acrescentando novo contorno à cultura corporal, numa busca de superação, de enfrentamento de desafios, do controle do risco, do prazer, e da qualidade de vida. Fica evidente que há uma distância entre a formação dos profissionais de Educação Física e estas novas práticas.ABSTRACT.  Extreme sports through urban environment in the São Paulo City.  The observation of people looking for squares, streets, climbing walls, benches, walls and ramps around the city to have fun and exercise represents a new context of sports practice that this research seeks to reveal. The objective of this study was to recognize the places and actors of skateboarding, climbing and slakline practices and their motivations for the search of these sports. Exploratory descriptive research was used with 46 subjects, 16 climbers, 20 skaters and 10 slakliners, from the city of São Paulo, who answered a questionnaire developed specifically for these activities. The results showed that: There is predominance of males among the participants, showing a prejudice that still persists in sports practice. Climbers have a higher average age than others, perhaps due to the need for more expensive equipment, greater risks of practice and the need for courses to learn. Skaters on average have been practicing for more time, probably because the skate culture is older and consolidated in São Paulo. It is observed that in slakline all practice less than three years showing that it is a modality still recent in the national scenario. The participants of the research affirm to have learned alone, or with friends and family, evidencing in this aspect that the Physical Education is not considered like initiation. The subjects point out the gain of physical, mental and social benefits in their lives and their intention to continue the practice by quality of life, fun, physical and psychological evolution. Only 10.8% claim to compete, which shows that Extreme Sports are considered from the perspective of voluntary participation. It is concluded that Extreme Sports are being incorporated into the routine of the people, adding a new contour to the body culture, in a search for overcoming, facing challenges, control of risk, pleasure, and quality of life. There is evidence that there is a gap between the graduation in Physical Education professionals and these new practices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Guenther Carlos Feitosa De Almeida

The body becomes the object of intense study and investigations with the modernity. But he was not the object of indifference. Even with the denial of the bodily pleasures that the average age undertook, the body was object of attention and normalization, being understood in a double meaning, the sacred and the profane. The relation body and nature gains different contours with the birth of modern science, giving rise to new dualities, between matter and spirit or psyche. Such dualities have produced enduring and persistent meanings in bodily practices and body conceptions. Physical Education as an area of knowledge and intervention that has in the body culture its privileged object, inherits and re-signifies such conceptions, reproducing or breaking with dualistic practices and understandings of the relation body and nature. This essay seeks to discuss the relationships between body and nature as well as its implications for the formation of the academic and professional field of Physical Education. We seek to reflect on the social-historical constructions on the body, especially those centered on biological aspects. We understand that the relationship body nature is an important point of understanding the uniqueness and continuities on the conceptions of body. In this way we undertake a qualitative, historical and sociological analysis centered on authors who elucidate these questions, such as: Corbin, Courtine e Vigarello (2010), Gélis (2010), Suassuna et al. (2005), Vaz (1999), Csordas (2008) and Le Breton (2003). Based on the elements discussed by the authors, we identify ruptures and continuities in relation to conceptions and practices with the body, remaining a desire for the split between body and spirit/mind.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Johannes Westberg

During the nineteenth century, Swedish gymnastics became one of the main models of physical education in the Western world. The purpose of this article is to explore how Swedish gymnastics was adjusted to the female body and mind in the mid-nineteenth century. Using handbooks published by the Swedish educationalist Anton Santesson as an empirical starting point, this article shows how the relationship between gender and gymnastics was complicated and exhibited significant discrepancies. In part, Swedish gymnastics was marked by a one-sex model of gender differences, which meant that gymnastics was perceived as a method for catering to the deficiencies and weaknesses of the feminine nature, in an attempt to make girls and young women more similar to boys. Swedish gymnastics had, nevertheless, vital elements of a two-sex model, according to which gymnastics was supposed to realise the true feminine nature of girls. Following this line of thought, Santesson claimed that, since gymnastics merely followed the laws of the body, it could not make girls more like boys. Santesson’s vision of gymnastics also included disciplinary mechanisms, such as the partitioning of space, which were gender neutral. Apart from presenting insights into the ambiguous and contradictory notions of gender in Swedish girls’ gymnastics, this article thus also raises questions regarding whether other models of physical education were marked by similar discrepancies during the nineteenth century. 


2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Azzarito ◽  
Melinda A. Solmon

The study of the social construction of the body has become crucial to contemporary academic discourses in education and physical education. Employing feminist poststructuralist theory and a qualitative ethnographic design, this study investigated how high school students identified themselves with images of bodies drawn from fitness and sports magazines, and how their body narratives were linked to their participation in physical education. Students’ body narratives reflected notions of comfortable, bad, and borderland bodies that influenced students’ physical activity choices and engagement in physical education. Girls’ narratives of their physicality were found to be significantly less comfortable than boys’. Critical pedagogy to destabilize gendered dominant discourses of mass media body culture and to develop positive, meaningful, and empowering student physicality is discussed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Emilce Heredia ◽  
Ederney Ortìz ◽  
Yoli Patricia Ovalle

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de la incidencia de la profesionalización docente en las prácticas pedagógicas de los maestros.   Para tal fin, se toma como punto de partida el análisis del significado e intención, que los maestros asignan al objeto de estudio. El objetivo planteado para este es determinar la incidencia de la profesionalización docente en las prácticas pedagógicas a partir de su caracterización. Teniendo en cuenta su relación con la formación pedagógica de los docentes en diferentes niveles de enseñanza de dos instituciones educativas ubicadas en el municipio de Puerto Rico Caquetá.  Los autores optaron por la investigación cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico, mediante la utilización de entrevistas. Las unidades de trabajo son los maestros participantes; en cuanto a la unidad documental se trabajó con las hojas de vida de los sujetos involucrados de las dos instituciones. Las definiciones permitieron crear algunas circunspecciones que sirvieron de apoyo para reflexiones finales, en aras de contribuir a la construcción de nuevos saberes, para  favorecer el ejercicio de la práctica pedagógica de los docentes,  a través   de una práctica docente cuya intención sea la de  generar estrategias que ayuden a la  formación académica y personal de los estudiantes . Donde la práctica pedagógica es entendida como el conjunto de estrategias utilizadas por el docente en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje que de acuerdo a la forma en que es enfocada repercute en el desarrollo de las dimensiones del ser humano.This paper addresses the issue of the impact of professionalization of the teaching profession in pedagogical practices of teachers.  For this purpose, it is token as a starting point the analysis of the meaning intention that teachers assign the object of study. The stated goal for this is to determine the incidence to from its characterizations. To taking into account its relationship with the integral formation of teachers at different levels of formation of two educational institutions in Puerto Rico Caquetá. The authors chose the qualitative research with hermeneutic approach through the use of interviews. Work units are the teachers participating in structured interviews and documentary about the working unit with the resumes of those involved in the two institutions. Definitions helped create some circumspections that supported end reflections, in order to contribute to construction of new knowledge, to promote the exercise of pedagogical practice of teachers for the sake of teaching practice whose intention is to develop strategies that help the integral formation of students. Where teaching practice is understood as the set of strategies used by the teacher in the teaching-learning process that according to the way it is focused impact on the development of human dimensions.


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