scholarly journals Seuren/Rullmann ambiguities as plural comparisons

2015 ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Sigrid Beck
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plural Predication ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

This paper reexamines ambiguous comparatives of a kind made famous in Rullmann's (1995) dissertation, e.g. The helicopter was flying less high than a plane can fly. There is some disagreement in the semantic literature regarding whether the ambiguity is limited to less or also shows up in more-comparatives. Accordingly, the analyses suggested differ substantially, ranging from structural to pragmatic. My primary goal is to provide a more solid empirical basis for building semantic theories of the phenomenon. I report the results from a series of questionnaire studies that show (i) that the difference between more- and less-comparatives is not clear cut, and (ii) that we need to make more fine-grained distinctions among less-comparatives. I propose an analysis in terms of plural predication that captures the major effects found in the studies, and I begin to approach the more subtle data points.

scholarly journals Seuren/Rullmann ambiguities as plural comparisons

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Sigrid Beck
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plural Predication ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

This paper reexamines ambiguous comparatives of a kind made famous in Rullmann's (1995) dissertation, e.g. The helicopter was flying less high than a plane can fly. There is some disagreement in the semantic literature regarding whether the ambiguity is limited to less or also shows up in more-comparatives. Accordingly, the analyses suggested differ substantially, ranging from structural to pragmatic. My primary goal is to provide a more solid empirical basis for building semantic theories of the phenomenon. I report the results from a series of questionnaire studies that show (i) that the difference between more- and less-comparatives is not clear cut, and (ii) that we need to make more fine-grained distinctions among less-comparatives. I propose an analysis in terms of plural predication that captures the major effects found in the studies, and I begin to approach the more subtle data points.

Contiguous Approach Conditioning: A Model for Negative Reinforcement

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest G. Maples ◽  
Phillip D. Tomporowski ◽  
Maury M. Haraway
Keyword(s):  
Test Trial ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Shock Termination ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
The Difference

The study was designed to provide an empirical basis for Denny's account of negative reinforcement by showing that stimuli contiguously paired with shock termination can become conditioned elicitors of approach. 20 experimental Ss received 15 trials in which the onset of a 6-w light was paired with the termination of a 30-sec., 1-ma. scrambled shock, independently of Ss' behavior. 20 control Ss received an equivalent number of light and shock presentations, but these were unpaired. On a single test trial, S was exposed to a 6 w light in one arm (randomly selected) of a modified T-maze. 17 of 20 experimental Ss approached the light whereas only 11 of 20 control Ss approached the light. The difference between proportions was significant ( p = .05).

FG-LiquID

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yumeng Liang ◽  
Anfu Zhou ◽  
Huanhuan Zhang ◽  
Xinzhe Wen ◽  
Huadong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Coarse Grained Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
The Difference

Contact-less liquid identification via wireless sensing has diverse potential applications in our daily life, such as identifying alcohol content in liquids, distinguishing spoiled and fresh milk, and even detecting water contamination. Recent works have verified the feasibility of utilizing mmWave radar to perform coarse-grained material identification, e.g., discriminating liquid and carpet. However, they do not fully exploit the sensing limits of mmWave in terms of fine-grained material classification. In this paper, we propose FG-LiquID, an accurate and robust system for fine-grained liquid identification. To achieve the desired fine granularity, FG-LiquID first focuses on the small but informative region of the mmWave spectrum, so as to extract the most discriminative features of liquids. Then we design a novel neural network, which uncovers and leverages the hidden signal patterns across multiple antennas on mmWave sensors. In this way, FG-LiquID learns to calibrate signals and finally eliminate the adverse effect of location interference caused by minor displacement/rotation of the liquid container, which ensures robust identification towards daily usage scenarios. Extensive experimental results using a custom-build prototype demonstrate that FG-LiquID can accurately distinguish 30 different liquids with an average accuracy of 97%, under 5 different scenarios. More importantly, it can discriminate quite similar liquids, such as liquors with the difference of only 1% alcohol concentration by volume.

scholarly journals Synrift sandstones and clayey rocks: bulk chemical composition and location on a number of discriminant paleogeodynamic diagrams

2019 ◽  
pp. 439-465
Author(s):  
A. V. Maslov ◽  
V. N. Podkovyrov ◽  
E. Z. Gareev ◽  
A. D. Nozhkin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Bulk Chemical Composition ◽  
East European ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Clayey Rocks ◽  
Active Continental Margins

The bulk chemical composition of synrift sandstones and associated clayey rocks has been analized, and the distribution of the fields they form has been studied on discriminant paleogeodynamic SiO2K2O/Na2O [Roser, Korsch, 1986] and DF1DF2 [Verma, Armstrong-Altrin, 2013] diagrams. The studied sandstones in terms of bulk chemical composition mainly correspond to greywacke, lititic, arkose and subarkose psammites; Sublitites and quartz arenites are also found. A significant part in the analyzed data massif consists of psammites, in which log(Na2O/K2O)-1.0; missing on the Pettijohn classification chart. This confirms our conclusion, based on the results of mineralogical and petrographic studies, that the sedimentary infill of rift structures unites immature sandstones, the detrital framework of which was formed due to erosion of local sources, represented by various magmatic and sedimentary formations. Synrift clayey rocks, compared with sandstones, are composed of more mature fine-grained siliciclastics. As follows from the distribution of figurative data points of clayey rocks on the F1F2 diagram [Roser, Korsch, 1988], its sources were mainly sedimentary deposits. The content of most of the main rock-forming oxides in the synrift sandstones is almost the same as in silt-sandstone rocks present in the Upper Precambrian-Phanerozoic sedimentary mega-complex of the East European Plate, but at the same time differs significantly from the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic cratonic sediments, as well as from the average composition upper continental crust. It is shown that the distribution of the fields of syntift sandstones and clayey rocks on the SiO2K2O/Na2O diagram does not have any distinct features, and their figurative data points are localized in the areas of terrigenous rocks of passive and active continental margins. On the DF1DF2 diagram, the fields of the studied psammites and clayey rocks are located in areas of riftogenous and collisional environments. We have proposed a different position of the border between these areas in the diagram, which will require further verification.

scholarly journals A new type of slumping-induced soft-sediment deformation structure: the envelope structure

Geologos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Uk Hwan Byun ◽  
A.J. Tom van Loon ◽  
Yi Kyun Kwon ◽  
Kyoungtae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structure ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks

Abstract The sediments of the Cretaceous Gyeokpori Formation in south-western South Korea accumulated in a lake in which mainly siliciclastic rocks were deposited, with some interbedded volcaniclastics. The nearby volcanic activity resulted in unstable lake margins inducing a dominance of gravity-flow deposits. The high sedimentation rate facilitated soft-sediment deformation on the sloping margin. The deposition of numerous gravity-flow deposits resulted in a vertically heterolithic stratification. The slumps are composed of different lithologies, which is expressed in different types of deformation due to the difference in cohesion between sandy and mussy layers within the slumps. Coarser-grained (cohesionless) slumps tend to show more chaotic deformation of their lamination or layering. The difference in slumping behaviour of the cohesive and non-cohesive examples is explained and modelled. A unique soft-sediment deformation structure is recognized. This structure has not been described before, and we call it ‘envelope structure’. It consists of a conglomerate mass that has become entirely embedded in fine-grained sediment because slope failure took place and the fine-grained material slumped down with the conglomerate ‘at its back’. The cohesive laminated mudstone formed locally slump folds that embedded the non-cohesive overlying conglomerate unit, possibly partly due to the bulldozing effect of the latter. This structure presumably can develop when the density contrast with the underlying and overlying deposits is exceptionally high. The envelope structure should be regarded as a special – and rare – type of a slumping-induced deformation structure.

A Tool for Discourse Analysis and Visualization

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costin-Gabriel Chiru ◽  
Stefan Trausan-Matu
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Polyphonic Model

In this paper the authors present a system that combines the cognitive and socio-cultural paradigms in the field of discourse analysis in order to analyze both texts written by only one author (for example narrations) and those written collaboratively (chat conversations, blogs, wikis, forums). The novelty of their approach is that the majority of the existing applications are oriented on analyzing only one of these two types, an adaptation being necessary for the analysis of the other type. Another advantage of the presented system is that since it is centered on a dialogistic polyphonic model considering topics as inter-animated voices, it could show the difference between coarse- and fine-grained coherence in discourse, therefore allowing the analysis of a text from two different viewpoints: a) its intrinsic structure and cohesion and b) how well this text fits in a stream of texts (whether it is or not cohesive with the texts before and after it). The dialogistic polyphonic model was used as a starting point for a method for analyzing collaboration and social construction of knowledge in groups and communities using textual interactions, and for several implemented systems for providing computerized support to the analysis method through visualizations and feedback generation.

scholarly journals The Pathology of Tumours of the Urinary Tract

1939 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1467
Author(s):  
W. D. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
The Difference

Attention is called to the difference between the pathologist's and the radiologist's point of view. The reasons for this difference are discussed with special emphasis on renal tumours. Classification of renal tumours. The first main groups are innocent and malignant. Are these really clear-cut or do they blend into one another? The commoner innocent renal tumours are adenoma, fibroma, myoma, lipoma, and angioma. These are rarely of any clinical importance but adenoma is a possible source of hypernephroma. Many elaborate classifications of cancer of the kidney have been proposed but the following four groups are sufficient for most puposes: Carcinoma, hypernephroma, sarcoma, and teratoid tumours. Much the commonest malignant renal tumour in adults is the hypernephroma, thought by Grawitz and others to be derived from ectopic adrenal rests. There is still no agreement concerning their origin but three views are held at the present time: ( a) All are carcinoma of renal tubules. ( b) Some are derived from renal tubules and some from ectopic adrenal. ( c) All are formed from adrenal tissue. These views are discussed with special reference to material in St. Mary's Hospital Museum, and it is suggested that the first view is the most probable although the second cannot be excluded. The teratoid tumours are the commonest in infants and swine. The differences between them and hypernephromata are described. The renal Pelvis, ureter, and bladder all have tumours of the same type and can conveniently be considered together. Connective tissue tumours, both innocent and malignant, are very rare. Papilloma and carcinoma are rare in the pelvis and ureter, but commoner in the bladder. The relation between these two tumours is discussed.

scholarly journals 1052 Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring In Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A399-A400
Author(s):  
R H Roth ◽  
H Bonner ◽  
J Logan ◽  
M Baruch ◽  
D Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Nocturnal Hypertension ◽  
Spot Check ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure(BP) such as non-dipping or nocturnal hypertension(reverse-dipping) represents a potent marker for cardiovascular risks. Standard cuff-based ambulatory nocturnal BP measurement yields limited data points potentially resulting in imprecise results, especially compared to continuously recorded BP. We hypothesized nocturnal BP based on periodic measurement would be different from true average beat-to-beat based BP. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing clinically indicated in-lab polysomnography, both CPAP and non-CPAP studies, for sleep apnea evaluation. Nocturnal BP was continuously monitored beat-to-beat by a noninvasive Caretaker™ device, which uses the Pulse Decomposition Analysis(PDA) algorithm. We compared BP recorded at 30-minute intervals with average BP continuously recorded over 30 minutes, both recorded by Caretaker™. We also looked at the differences between recording spot and continuous BP from an awake or sleeping state and BP variability(SD) based on continuously recorded BP. Using first 30 min as a reference, we determined dipping status (dipping: 10-20% reduction, level: 0-10% reduction, riser: any increase) by the two methods. Results A total of 18 patients were recruited(male:11, mean age:52.2). Among a total of 261 periodic BP measurements, 60 (30.0%) were obtained while awake. Mean nocturnal SBP by periodic BP measurement was higher compared with beat-to-beat-derived average BP(135.6mmHg[24.2] vs. 131.5[20.3], p<0.0001). The difference between the two methods remained similar when continuous BP was derived from sleep vs. awake period(4.5mmHg[3.1] vs. 7.7[9.9], p=0.202). BP variability was more pronounced during awake compared with sleep period(6.7mmHg[8.1] versus 3.95[7.5], p=0.047). 8 patients were dippers by spot check measurement, but 11 were dippers by continuous BP. Conclusion Standard ambulatory periodic nocturnal BP recording may not yield true sleep BP patterns due to its spot-check nature and lack of sleep-awake information, which leads to inaccurate dipping measurements. Incorporation of beat-to-beat continuous BP measurement can provide more accurate and meaningful nocturnal BP information. Support N/A

Lexical expansion in the HAVE and BE perfect in Dutch

Diachronica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Coussé
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Over Time

This article investigates lexical expansion in the HAVE and BE perfect in Dutch. It is known from previous research that early perfects show more lexical restrictions than their modern counterparts. The aim of this article is to uncover how perfects change their collocational preferences over time. The present study tackles this issue taking a quantitative corpus perspective. The empirical basis for this study is a sample of HAVE and BE perfects taken from a corpus of Dutch legal texts (1250–1800). The sample is analyzed using the method of diachronic distinctive collexeme analysis. The statistical analysis indicates that both perfect constructions show fine-grained shifts in collocational preferences over time. The observed lexical expansion has the following properties: it proceeds (a) gradually, (b) through semantically related verb classes, (c) away from a prototype. These properties are accounted for making use of insights from prototype theory and construction grammar.

scholarly journals Granite micro-porosity changes due to fracturing and alteration: secondary mineral phases as proxies for porosity and permeability estimation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Staněk ◽  
Yves Géraud
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Fracture Density ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Mercury Intrusion ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Space Geometry ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Several alteration facies of fractured Lipnice granite are studied in detail on borehole samples by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry, polarized and fluorescent light microscopy and microprobe chemical analyses. The goal is to describe the granite void space geometry in vicinity of fractures with alteration halos and to link specific geometries with simply detectable parameters to facilitate quick estimation of porosity and permeability based on e.g. drill cuttings. The core of the study are results of porosity and throat size distribution analyses on 21 specimens representing unique combinations of fracture-related structures within 6 different alteration facies basically differing in secondary phyllosilicate chemistry and porosity structure. Based on a simple model to calculate permeability from the measured porosities and throat size distributions the difference in permeability between the fresh granite and the most fractured and altered granite is 5 orders of magnitude. Our observations suggest that the porosity, the size of connections and the proportion of crack porosity increase with fracture density, while precipitation of iron-rich infills as well as of fine grained secondary phyllosilicates acts in the opposite way. Different styles and intensities of such end-member agents shape the final void space geometry and imply various combinations of storage, transport and retardation capacity for specific structures. The study also shows the possibility to use the standard mercury intrusion porosimetry with advanced experimental setting and data treatment to distinguish important differences in void space geometry within a span of few per cent of porosity.

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