scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE SENSITIVITY OF MULTI- CRITERION EVALUATION METHODS/SENSIBILITÄTSUNTERSUCHUNGEN ZU METHODEN DER MEHRKRITERIELLEN ENTSCHEIDUNGEN

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedel Peldschus
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Mixed Problems ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Minimisation Problem ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
Rational Behaviour

Investigations into the multi-criterion evaluations have been performed for different purposes for more than 30 years. Nevertheless, up to now there are no common rules how to apply multi-criterion methods of evaluation and how to interpret their results. But the solutions of the problem must be found. The investigations are based on the joint programme LEVI developed by the VGTU and the Leipzig HSTEC. In accordance with the programme, for solving the problem a matrix is created in which all solution variants are evaluated by the same criteria. For the transformation of initial data different methods are used. Besides, the problem solution may be oriented to a choice of a variant and the determination of an optimal sequence or to the determination of the rational behaviour balance of two adversely interested groups. The maximisation, minimisation and mixed problems are distinguished. In case of the last mentioned problems the meanings may be unsuitable and expressions about the maximisation or minimisation too strong. When solving the problem of maximisation by different transformation methods, similar curves are obtained and the results are not dispersed heavily. In case of the minimisation, when solving according to different transformations, a considerable deviation of results has been noticed. The investigations also disclosed that solutions may vary depending on the optimisation goal. Dispersion of results in case of minimisation is stronger than in case of maximisation. When analysing different transformations, the vectorial transformation is regarded as “neutral” and there is no sense to include it into comparison. In case of the minimisation problem, linear transformations should be investigated in a more detailed way.

scholarly journals Interconversion of Plasma Free Thyroxine Values from Assay Platforms with Different Reference Intervals Using Linear Transformation Methods

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fanwen Meng ◽  
Jacqueline Jonklaas ◽  
Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
Keyword(s):  
Linear Transformation ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Transformation Methods

Clinicians often encounter thyroid function tests (TFT) comprising serum/plasma free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measured using different assay platforms during the course of follow-up evaluations which complicates reliable comparison and interpretation of TFT changes. Although interconversion between concentration units is straightforward, the validity of interconversion of FT4/TSH values from one assay platform to another with different reference intervals remains questionable. This study aims to establish an accurate and reliable methodology of interconverting FT4 by any laboratory to an equivalent FT4 value scaled to a reference range of interest via linear transformation methods. As a proof-of-concept, FT4 was simultaneously assayed by direct analog immunoassay, tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis. Both linear and piecewise linear transformations proved relatively accurate for FT4 inter-scale conversion. Linear transformation performs better when FT4 are converted from a more accurate to a less accurate assay platform. The converse is true, whereby piecewise linear transformation is superior to linear transformation when converting values from a less accurate method to a more robust assay platform. Such transformations can potentially apply to other biochemical analytes scale conversions, including TSH. This aids interpretation of TFT trends while monitoring the treatment of patients with thyroid disorders.

scholarly journals The Application of Public Data in Forensic Real Estate Valuations: Problems, Limitations, Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Butyrin ◽  
V. M. Kruglyakova ◽  
I. A. Shipilova
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Forensic Expert

One of the problems with the practice of legal proceedings is the determination of the legal authority limits of a forensic expert when he forms an array of initial data, the structure and content of which would provide a full and comprehensive research of the issues put before him by the body (person) having appointed the examination. The possibility of the specifed initial data completeness ensuring is suggested and substantiated in the article, arguments arising from the provisions of the law concerning neutralization of the traditional criticism directions of the expert in this part during his interrogation in the course of judicial proceedings on his conclusion are adduced.

scholarly journals Using Modern Technologies in the Production of Mining Equipment

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Alexandr Korotkov ◽  
Lidya Korotkova ◽  
Denis Vidin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Modern Technologies

After a period of operation imported mining equipment starts failing. As a rule, breakages and critical wear of parts do not involve the entire product, but its individual parts. Despite this, manufacturers of this equipment do not provide repair kits, but offer to change the units and assemblies entirely. As a result, the repair and maintenance of imported equipment imposes significant financial costs. This paper proposes ways to eliminate or reduce the additional costs. The problem solution is based on the determination of the chemical composition and structure of worn out or out-of-order parts, reproduction of their manufacturing technology and production of analogues of these parts in single quantities. The work is performed on the example of high-pressure pump parts and large-sized gears used in mining equipment. For high-pressure pumps, analogues of end sealing gaskets and bearing bushings were made. The obtained experience can be used in the manufacturing and restoration of mining equipment in the Kuzbass enterprises, which allows reducing financial costs and implementing import substitution. The research part of the work was performed in the metallurgical laboratories of KuzSTU, and the reproduction of worn out and out-of-order parts was carried out at enterprises which requested this study.

scholarly journals Two Proofs and One Algorithm Related to the Analytic Hierarchy Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miron Pavluš ◽  
Rostislav Tomeš ◽  
Lukáš Malec
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Maximal Eigenvalue ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Solution Vector ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Activity Areas

36 years ago, Thomas Saaty introduced a new mathematical methodology, called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), regarding the decision-making processes. The methodology was widely applied by Saaty and by other authors in the different human activity areas, like planning, business, education, healthcare, etc. but, in general, in the area of management. In this paper, we provide two new proofs for well-known statement that the maximal eigenvalue λmax is equal to n for the eigenvector problem Aw=λw, where A is, so-called, the consistent matrix of pairwise comparisons of type n×n (n≥ 2) with the solution vector w that represents the probability components of disjoint events. Moreover, we suggest an algorithm for the determination of the eigenvalue problem solution Aw=nw as well as the corresponding flowchart. The algorithm for arbitrary consistent matrix A can be simply programmed and used.

Automated element grouping and self-stress identification of tensegrities

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Koohestani
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Mode ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Minimisation Problem ◽  
Feasible Solutions

Purpose – The determination of feasible self-stress modes and grouping of elements for tensegrities with predefined geometry and multiple self-stress modes is very important, though difficult, in the design of these structures. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach to the automated element grouping and self-stress identification of tensegrities. Design/methodology/approach – A set of feasible solutions conforming to the unilateral behaviour of elements is obtained through an optimisation process, which is solved using a genetic algorithm. Each chromosome in the population having a negative fitness is a distinctive feasible solution with its own grouping characteristic, which is automatically determined throughout the evolution process. Findings – The self-stress identification is formulated through an unconstrained minimisation problem. The objective function of this minimisation problem is defined in such a way that takes into account both the feasibility of a solution and grouping of elements. The method generates a set of feasible self-stress modes rather than a single one and automatically and simultaneously suggests a grouping of elements for every feasible self-stress mode. A self-stress mode with a minimal/subminimal grouping of elements is also obtained. Originality/value – The method can efficiently generate sets of feasible solutions rather than a single one. The authors also address one of the challenging issues related to this identification, i.e., automated grouping of elements. These features makes the method very efficient since most of the state-of-the-art methods address the self-stress identification of tensegrities based on predefined groupings of elements whilst providing only a single corresponding solution.

scholarly journals II. An eighth memoir on quantics

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canonical Forms ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Quartic Equation ◽  
Quintic Equation ◽  
Real Equation ◽  
One Step ◽  
New Form

The present memoir relates mainly to the binary quintic, continuing the investigations in relation to this form contained in my Second, Third, and Fifth Memoirs on Quantics; the investigations which it contains in relation to a quantic of any order are given with a view to their application to the quintic. All the invariants of a binary quintic (viz. those of the degrees 4, 8, 12, and 18) are given in the memoirs above referred to, and also the covariants up to the degree 5; it was interesting to proceed one step further, viz. to the covariants of the degree 6; in fact, while for the degree 5 we obtain three covariants and a single syzygy, for the degree 6 we obtain only two covariants, but as many as seven syzygies. One of these is, however, the syzygy of the degree 5 multiplied into the quintic itself, so that, excluding this derived syzygy, there remain (7 - 1 = ) six syzygies, of the degree 6. The determination of the two covariants (Tables 83 and 84 post.), and of the syzygies of the degree 6, occupies the commencement of the present memoir. The remainder of the memoir is in a great measure a reproduction (with various additions and developments) of researches contained in Prof. Sylvester’s Trilogy, and in a recent memoir by M. Hermite. In particular, I establish in a more general form (defining for that purpose the functions which I call “Auxiliars”) the theory which is the basis of Prof. Sylvester’s criteria for the reality of the roots of a quintic. equation, or, say, the theory of the determination of the character of an equation of any order. By way of illustration, I first apply this to the quartic equation; and I then apply it to the quintic equation, following Prof. Sylvester’s track, hut so as to dispense altogether with his amphigenous surface, making the investigation to depend solely on the discussion of the bicorn curve, which is a principal section of this surface. I explain the new form which M. Hermite has given to the Tschirnhausen transformation, leading to a transformed equation, the coefficients whereof are all invariants; and, in the case of the quintic, I identify with my Tables his cubicovariants ϕ 1 ( x , y ) and ϕ 2 ( x , y ). And in the two new Tables, 85 and 86, I give the leading coefficients of the other two cubi covariants ϕ 3 ( x , y ) and ϕ 4 ( x , y ). In the transformed equation the second term (or that in z 4 ) vanishes, and the coefficient A of z 3 is obtained as a quadric function of four indeterminates. The discussion of this form led to criteria for the character of a quintic equation, expressed like those of Prof. Sylvester in terms of invariants, but of a different and less simple form; two such sets of criteria are obtained, and the identification of these and of a third set resulting from a separate investigation, with the criteria of Prof. Sylvester, is a point made out in the present memoir. The theory is also given of the canonical forms, which is the mechanism by which M. Hermite’s investigations were carried on. The memoir contains other investigations and formulae in relation to the binary quintic ; and as part of the foregoing theory of the determination of the character of an equation, I was led to consider the question of the imaginary linear transformations which give rise to a real equation : this is discussed in the concluding articles of the memoir, and in an annex I have given a somewhat singular analytical theorem arising thereout.

scholarly journals Преимущества и возможности флуоресцентных методов для визуализации апоптоза и аутофагии в опухолевых клетках человека in vitro-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Н.А. Наволокин ◽  
Н.В. Полуконова ◽  
Д.А. Мудрак ◽  
А.М. Мыльников ◽  
М.А. Барышникова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Staining Methods

The possibilities of using fluorescent research methods and their advantages for visualization and determination of the type of programmed cell death of human tumor cells under the action of flavonoids in experiments in vitro were investigated. The object of the study were the tumor cells of cervical cancer HeLa and A498 kidney carcinoma, the flavonoid containing extract of hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis L.) was used for testing in the experiments. The following fluorescent methods were used: the "living and dead" test with double staining - - iodide propidium and acridine orange, the method of double staining with annexin and iodide propidium. The confirmation of autophagy induction was performed using Muse cell analyzer with fluorescent reagents MuseAutophagy LC3-Antibody Based Kit. The application of fluorescent staining methods using double staining with acridine orange and iodide propidium in the "living and dead" test compared to phase microscopy allows to visualize the formation of apoptotic cells and autophagosomes in cells and, therefore, can serve as one of the methods of evaluation screening of the effectiveness of various chemotherapy drugs.

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