Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastic: Effect of Process Parameters on Weld Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Se Kou Singare ◽  
Shen Gui Chen ◽  
Jian Jun Zou ◽  
Yong Zhou Lin
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Weld Area

This paper investigates the effect of the laser welding parameters such as laser power, welding speed on weld strength. A 30W fiber laser with wavelength 1064nm has been used to weld transparent and absorbing acrylics in lap weld configuration. The force at break of the lap welds was assessed on the Universal testing machine,the shear strength was calculated by dividing the force at break by the weld area. Weld fracture surfaces and weld cross-sections were also analyzed under microscope using reflected polarized light to qualitatively assess the weld quality.

Modeling of Weld Lap-Shear Strength for Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastic Using Artificial Neural Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Nakhaei ◽  
N.B. Mostafa Arab ◽  
F. Kordestani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Lap Shear Strength ◽  
Lap Shear

Laser welding of plastic materials has a wide range of applications in the packaging, medical, electronics and automobile industries provided it can predict high quality welds compared with other joining methods. Laser welding process parameters can affect the quality of welds. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to model the effects of laser power, welding speed, clamp pressure and stand-off distance on weld lap-shear strength in laser transmission welding (LTW) of acrylic (polymathy methacrylate). A set of experimental data on diode laser weld lap-shear strengths was used to train and test the ANN from which the neurons relations were gradually extracted to develop a model. The developed ANN model can be used for the analysis and prediction of the complex relationships between the above mentioned process parameters and weld lap-shear strength. The results indicated that increase in laser power and clamp pressure increases the weld lap-shear strength whereas welding speed and stand off distance had a decreasing affect on shear strength at high value.

Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics—Part II: Experimental Model Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Van de Ven ◽  
Arthur G. Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Weld Width ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
Clamping Pressure

Two laser transmission welding experiments involving polyvinyl chloride are presented that aim to validate a previously presented welding model while helping to further understand the relationship between welding parameters and weld quality. While numerous previous research papers have presented the results of laser welding experiments, there exists minimal work validating models of the welding process. The first experiment explores the interaction of laser power and welding velocity while the second experiment explores the influence of clamping pressure. Using the weld width as the primary model output, the agreement between the welding experiments and the model have an average error of 5.6%. This finding strongly supports the validity of the model presented in Part I of this two paper set (Van de Ven and Erdman, 2007, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 129, pp. 849–858). Additional information was gained regarding the operating window for laser transmission welding and the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride. Clamping pressure was found to provide a small, but not statistically significant, influence on the visual appearance, weld width, and weld strength.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the shear bond strength of the union between two CoCr-alloys and a dental ceramic

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pretti ◽  
Edson Hilgert ◽  
Marco Antônio Bottino ◽  
Rander Pereira Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
The Mean

INTRODUCTION: Based on the importance of the integrity of the metal/ceramic interface, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the metal-ceramic union of two Co-Cr alloys (Wirobond C, Bego; Remanium 2000, Dentaurum) combined with Omega 900 ceramic (Vita Zahnfabrik). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eleven cylindrical matrixes were made for each alloy, and the metallic portion was obtained with the lost wax casting technique with standardized waxing of 4mm of height and of 4mm of diameter. The ceramic was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations with the aid of a teflon matrix that allowed its dimension to be standardized in the same size as the metallic portion. The specimens were submitted to the shear bond test in an universal testing machine (EMIC), with the aid of a device developed for such intention, and constant speed of 0.5mm/min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mean resistance was 48.387MPa for Wirobond C alloy, with standard deviation of 17.718, and 55.956MPa for Remanium 2000, with standard deviation of 17.198. No statistically significant difference was observed between the shear strength of the two metal-ceramic alloys.

Diffusion Bonding in Superplastic ZK60 Magnesium Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong Yu ◽  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Superplastic Material ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
High Shear Strength ◽  
Zk60 Magnesium Alloy

In this paper, diffusion bonding of ZK60 superplastic material is investigated according to atom diffusion law. Gleeble-1500 testing machine is used in the diffusion bonding processing on the superplastic ZK60. In additional, shear tests of bonding joints are carried out on electronic universal testing machine. The optimized diffusion bonding conditions are obtained: a bonding time of 90 min at 653K at a pressure of 20MPa. The microstructures of the joints are observed through OM and SEM. It is concluded that the mechanism of diffusion bonding of the ZK60 superplastic material is the slide of original grain boundaries caused by atom diffusion and the grain growth, and sound joints with high shear strength are obtained through sufficient diffusion of the interface atoms.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kloroform Terhadap Pelarutan Bahan Perekat Yang Menempel Pada Braket Keramik Yang Lepas Dari Gigi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ken Edinata ◽  
Endah Mardiati
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Ceramic Bracket

ABSTRAK Kebutuhan braket transparan pada perawatan ortodonti semakin berkembang dengan adanya kebutuhan braket sewarna gigi, terutama wanita yang memerlukan penampilan estetik maksimal. Braket yang lepas dalam perawatan ortodonti perlu direkatkan kembali. Pembersihan landasan braket yang terlepas sehingga dapat direkatkan kembali akan mengurangi biaya yang harus dikeluarkan pasien. Melakukan daur ulang braket haruslah dapatdapat dilakukan tanpa merubah sifat fisik dan ukuran dari braket tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental analitik laboratoris in vitro dengan pendekatan komparatif yang bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kuat rekat geser braket keramik yang dibersihkan dengan kloroform selama 20 menit, 40 menit, 60 menit. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 buah braket keramik monokristalin  merek Ice Inspire dari Ormco dengan perlekatan mekanik. Pengukuran uji rekat geser menggunakan Instron Universal Testing Machine dan sisa resin menggunakan skor ARI. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Wilcoxon dan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna kuat rekat geser braket keramik pasca rekat yang dibersihkan dengan kloroform selama 20 menit, 40 menit, 60 menit dan braket keramik pascarekat yang baru. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa Terdapat perbedaan kuat rekat geser braket keramik yang dibersihkan dengan kloroform selama 20 menit, 40 menit, 60 menit dengan braket keramik yang baru, Semakin lama waktu pembersihan braket keramik dengan kloroform, sisa resin adhesif akan semakin bersih dan mempunyai kuat rekat geser yang lebih tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan sisa resin adesif antara braket keramik pasca rekat yang dibersihkan dengan kloroform yang dilepas kembali dengan braket keramik pasca rekat yang baru.   Kata Kunci : perbedaan kuat rekat geser, kloroform, kuat rekat geser, ARI, braket keramik.                                                                                                    ABSTRACT Transparant bracket needs in orthodontic treatment is become huge caused the needs of tranlucent bracket , especially women who require maximum aesthetic appearance. Debonding bracket in orthodontic treatment need  to reattached.  By Cleaning mesh of bracket so it can be reattached to reduce patient costs . Recycling bracket must can done without changing the physical properties and the size of bracket. This study is an experimental study in vitro analytical comparative approach that aims to see the difference shear strength adhesion to ceramic brackets were cleaned with chloroform for 20 minutes , 40 minutes , 60 minutes . The sample used in this study were 60 pieces of ceramic bracket monokristalin from Ormco Inspire Ice with mechanical retention. Measurement of shear strength test using the Instron Universal Testing Machine and the rest of the resin using ARI scores . Statistical analysis was used  with Wilcoxon test and ANOVA . The results showed there were significant differences in the bracket shear strength rebonding ceramic bracket, which cleaned with chloroform for 20 minutes , 40 minutes , 60 minutes and new rebonding ceramic bracket. Conclusions from this research that There is a difference in the shear strength ceramic brackets  which cleaned using chloroform for 20 minutes , 40 minutes , 60 minutes and with a new ceramic bracket , the longer time cleaning ceramic bracket with chloroform, the rest of the adhesive resin will be clean and have strong adhesion higher shear. There are differences between the residual resin adhesive after adhesive ceramic bracket cleaned with chloroform is released back and the ceramic new bracket rebonding. Key words : 

Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding Parameters Using Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Bappa Acherjee ◽  
Debanjan Maity ◽  
Arunanshu S. Kuar ◽  
Souren Mitra ◽  
Dipten Misra
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Chicken Swarm Optimization

The ever-increasing demand of high quality joints with improved cycle times leads the industries, those involve welding of plastics, to use laser for welding plastics. Laser transmission welding is the latest development in the field of welding of plastics. In present research work, experimental investigation, parametric modeling and optimization of laser transmission welding of polycarbonate is carried out. A systematic experimental plan is executed using central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical models are developed using RSM for establishing an interrelationship between the process parameters and the responses of interest. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is employed with the developed RSM models to set the optimal process parameters combinations to achieved desired weld qualities. Here, the objectives are set as to increase the weld strength and decrease the weld width independently, as well as simultaneously. The interdependent parametric trends are also studied and discussed.

Laser Transmission Welding of Nylon Tubes and Plates

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kritskiy ◽  
G. Zak ◽  
P. J. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Joint Shear Strength ◽  
Laser Transmission Welding ◽  
Joint Shear ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Conical Mirror

In this study, nylon tubes were welded to nylon plaques using laser transmission welding. A conical mirror inserted inside the tube was used to guide the laser beam along the weld path around the inner circumference of the tube. The effect of beam location with respect to the tip of conical mirror on beam distortion was modeled and assessed experimentally. The effects of the laser power, the angular speed, and the number of passes on the joint shear strength were examined. Process parameters that gave good joint strengths were identified.

Factors Affecting on the Bond Strength of Dental Zirconia to Veneering Porcelains

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Tsuruki ◽  
Hiroshi Kono ◽  
Yuji Okuda ◽  
Makoto Noda ◽  
Hiroyuki Arikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Scanning Electron

The bond strengths between two kinds of zirconia and three kinds of feldspathic veneering porcelains were measured. The specimens were prepared at four firing temperatures for three holding periods, respective opaque porcelain was painted and vacuum-fired. Then, each dentin porcelain was condensed in an acrylic resin mold and vacuum-fired under the conditions mentioned above. Cross sections of the interface between zirconia and porcelain were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The specimens were fixed to specimen holder on a universal testing machine. Data of the bonding test were statistically analyzed. The results showed that all the four factors statistically affected the bonding strength (p<0.01). The contribution of the firing temperature was highest and that of the porcelain type was lowest (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the dislodgement resistance of bioceramic reparative cements placed in a retrograde cavity using a different technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e191600
Author(s):  
Hakan Gokturk ◽  
Ismail Ozkocak ◽  
Seda Tan-Ipek ◽  
Osman Demir
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Prior Application ◽  
Push Out

Aim: Calcium silicate-based fillings have been widely used in surgical endodontic treatment because of hard-tissue conductive and inductive properties. The aim of present study is to investigate the bond strength of different calcium silicate-based fillings in retrograde cavities. Methods: Forty-four maxillary single rooted teeth were endodontically treated. The apical portions of the teeth were removed and root-end cavities were prepared using an ultrasonic tip. The roots were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 11) according to the material used; (1) MTA-FILLAPEX, (2) MTA Repair HP, (3) MTA-FILLAPEX+ MTA Repair HP, and (4) MTA Plus. Two horizontal cross sections (1±0.1 mm thick) from each specimen were resected from the apices. These sections were placed in a universal testing machine to evaluate the push-out bond strength force required for dislodgement of the root end filling was recorded. The failure type was also evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. The differences in bond strength were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: MTA-FILLAPEX and MTA Plus displayed the lowest and highest dislocation resistance, respectively (P < 0.05). In the apical level, bond strength was significantly higher than the coronal level in all groups except for MTA-FILLAPEX. Mixed failure was prevalent in all groups, except for MTA-FILLAPEX, which showed purely cohesive failures. Conclusions: Investigated calcium silicate-based filling materials showed different bond strength to the root-end cavity. The bond strength was significantly decreased when the prior application of MTA-FILLAPEX before delivery of MTA Repair HP.

Influence of Cross Section on the Parameters for Linear Friction Welding of High-Strength Chains

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
Gerald Rath ◽  
Franziska Fuchs ◽  
Norbert Enzinger
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Linear Friction Welding ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
Chain Links

In respect of weld quality, weld strength and the heat affected zone (HAZ) size, linear friction welding (LFW) has significant advantages compared to flash-butt and resistance welding. The production of chain links is realized by one c-shaped part in reciprocating motion being moved towards a stationary one under applied forces. The friction at the contact faces causes heat and thus, the material is plastically deformed. Due to relative movement excessive material is pressed out of the joint area leading to a characteristic weld burr. Relative motion is stopped once the defined burn-off is reached and by applying the forge force the chain is welded. In this paper, welding parameters for three different cross sections are investigated. Based on successful welding trials on 30CrNiMo8 steel chains with 26 mm diameter, parameters are adapted for smaller cross sections. On 48 steel specimens with 7, 10 and 15 mm diameter systematic welding trials are performed. The influence of the welding parameters frequency, amplitude, forge force and burn-off on welding strength and welding time are investigated with and without application of heat treatment. This test series was evaluated using DoE.

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