Effect of Milling Process and Calcination Temperature on the Properties of BSCF-SDC Composite Cathode

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Umira Asyikin Yusop ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Suraya Irdina Abdullah ◽  
Dedikarni Panuh
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Solid Cathode

The ionic conductivity, super conductivity, ferroelectricity, and magnetic resistance of barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) make it a good solid cathode material. This study aims to investigate the influence of milling process and calcination temperature on the behaviour of nanocomposite cathode BSCF–samarium-doped ceria (SDC). The BSCF–SDC composite powders were mixed using two milling processes, namely, wet milling and dry milling. The composite cathode powders were mixed through wet milling by high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 hours. For dry milling, the powders were milled at 150 rpm for 30 minutes. The powders then underwent calcination at 900 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 1150 °C for 2 hours. The composite cathodes were examined on the basis of phase and microstructure through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. In conclusion, the selection of suitable milling process and calcination temperature is important in eliminating secondary phases in BSCF–SDC composite cathodes and in enhancing their properties.

Effects of Calcination Factors on the Composite Cathode Powder LSCF-SDC Carbonate by Using Dry Milling

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Muhamad Subri Abu Bakar ◽  
M.F. Kamaruddin ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

The effects of calcination factors on the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDCC (LSCF-SDCC) composite cathodes powder were investigated. LSCF-SDCC has been prepared using high energy ball milling technique via dry milling method. The resultant LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder then were calcined at 700, 750 and 800 °C with soaking time of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The findings reveal that different calcinations temperature and soaking time gives effects to the composite cathodes powder. Clear peak intensity demonstrate from calcination temperature 750 °C as confirm via XRD analysis indicates that crystalline structure has been improved. FESEM investigation demonstrate the presence of large particles in the resultant powder resulting from the increased calcination temperature and soaking time. LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder calcined at a temperature of 750oC for soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours demonstrates good crystallite structure to be served as composite cathode SOFCs compared to samples calcined at 700oC and 800oC with soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours.

Effects of Milling Techniques and Calcinations Temperature on the Composite Cathode Powder LSCF-SDC Carbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
M.S.A. Bakar ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
H.A. Rahman ◽  
M.A.F.M. Tasrim ◽  
H. Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Crystallite Structure ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

Composite cathode La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDC carbonates (LSCF-SDCC) for applications of low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) were developed. LSCF-SDCC were mixed using high energy ball milling technique via dry and wet milling method followed by calcinations at 700, 750 and 800 °C. The findings reveal that different calcinations temperature and milling techniques gives effects to the composite cathodes powder. Clear peak intensity demonstrate from wet milling technique as confirm via XRD analysis indicates that crystalline structure has been improved. FESEM investigation demonstrate the presence of large particles in the resultant powder resulting from the increased calcination temperature. LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder produced via wet milling technique have good fine fraction and demonstrates good crystallite structure to be served as cathode of LTSOFC compared to dry milling technique.

Influence of Calcination on the Properties of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-Samarium Doped Ceria Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Hamimah A. Rahman ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Huda Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Oxygen Surface Exchange

The correlation between calcination temperature and properties (physical and electrochemical) of composite cathodes comprising lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite (LSCF) with samarium-doped ceria carbonate (SDCC) has been investigated. LSCF-SDC carbonate (LSCF-SDCC) composite cathode powders prepared via ball-milling were calcined at various temperatures in the range of 700850 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the applied calcination temperatures do not affect the chemical compatibility and the LSCF perovskite cubic structure of the composite powders. FTIR spectra verified the presence of carbonates in the composite powders after calcination. The increment of the calcination temperature reduced the surface area of the particle from 10.9 m2/g to 6.5 m2/g. The electrochemical results revealed that the resistance of LSCF-SDC carbonate composite cathodes is dominated by the oxygen surface exchange reaction at the electrode surface. 750 °C was identified as the most appropriate calcination temperature for the LSCF-SDC carbonate powder when the cathode electrode showed the lowest resistance with conductivity value of 0.95 x 10-3 Scm-1. The findings are of potential relevance to utilizing the LSCF-SDC carbonate cathodes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC).

The Influence of the Milling Media Environment on the Characteristics of a W-Cu Composite Powder

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciné Alves Costa ◽  
W.M. de Carvalho ◽  
A.G.P. Silva ◽  
Uilame Umbelino Gomes ◽  
José F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Mean

W-Cu composite powders were prepared by high energy milling under two milling environments: cyclohexane and air. Composite particles are formed in both cases. The W particles are fragmented and embedded into the Cu particles. Both, W and Cu, are heavily strained, mainly in the first hours of milling. The composite powder has high homogeneity and is much finer than the original Cu powder. The mean particle size of the powders milled in both conditions is very close, but the wet milling was near 25% longer than dry milling and the size distribution is wider. This is consequence of the higher milling intensity of dry milling.

Morphological and Physical Behaviour on the Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ/Sm0.2 Ce0.8O1.9 Incorporation with Binary Carbonate as Potential Cathode Materials for SOFC

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Siti Fairus Mohammad ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Khalid Saluiman Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Composite Electrolyte

The correlation between calcination temperature with the morphological, porosity and density of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ/ Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9incorporation with binary carbonate prepared by high energy ball milling (HEBM) method has been investigated. The composite cathode, samarium strontium cobaltite-samarium doped ceria carbonate (SSC:SDCc), was developed and scrutinised as for potential cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. This research studied the influence of carbonate in composite electrolyte, SDCc towards the composite cathode properties. The composition of 50 wt.% of SSC was chosen to be added with 50 wt.% of SDCc powder. The prepared powders of composite cathode SSC5:SDCc5 were then undergone calcination process at different operating temperatures which has been varied from 600°C, 650°C, 700°C and 750°C and all prepared pellets were sintered at 600 °C. The morphological properties of the composite cathode powders were observed via FESEM micrograph, and the average particle sizes of the composite powders were measured via SmartTiff Software. The total porosity (%) of the SSC5:SDCc5 composite cathode pellets was determined using the Archimedes method. The FESEM micrograph revealed that the obtained composite cathode powder is homogeneous, fine with average of agglomerates sizes of 70–100 nm. By increased on calcination temperatures, the agglomerates size of the composite cathode and the density of the pellet increased. Meanwhile the results collected from porosity value are decreased. The porosity percentage lies in the range from 32.3% until 38.7%. Based on the overall results, lower calcination temperature, which is 600° lead to better morphological and physical results. In conclusion, the calcination temperature has a direct effect on the average size of SSC-SDCc composite cathode, porosity and density value but still in line within the acceptable range to serve as effective potential cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Braga Alkmin ◽  
Érika C.T. Ramos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti5Si3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the TiSS,(ss-solid solution) Ti6Si2B and TiB.

Dry and Wet Milling Comparison of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Based on Strip Cast Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 567-571
Author(s):  
Fernando Maccari ◽  
R.V. Well ◽  
G. Eller ◽  
M.S.T. Hoffmann ◽  
Leonardo Ulian Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casting Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Sintered Magnet ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Cast Alloys

In this work, the influence of milling medium was investigated in order to achieve high energy-product Nd-Fe-B magnets, mostly by the remanence improvement related to the obtention of monocrystalline particles during milling. Nd-Fe-B alloy made by strip-casting process were used as starting material, which exhibits refined grain structure and demands special attention during milling in relation to coarse-grained, conventionally cast alloys. It was found that by using liquid medium during ball milling process, the mean particle size decreased, as well as the size distribution, which improved the particle alignment and hence the remanence in the sintered magnet. Texture was quantified by magnetic characterization based on reference isotropic magnets made in same conditions, and microstructure development was evaluated by optical microscopy. Moreover, after post-sintering treatment, the coercivity increased 20% compared to as sintered state without changing the remanence, providing an anisotropic magnet with high coercivity.

XRD and EDS Analysis of Composite Cathode Powders LSCF-SDCC-Ag for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (LTSOFC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.A. Bakar ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
H. Basri ◽  
A. Muchtar
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Milling Method

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analysis has been conducted on composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag. Composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC has been produced using high energy ball milling via wet milling method through calcinations at 750 °C. The calcined LSCF-SDCC powder then was mixed with Ag (3wt%) then pressed become pellets and sintered at 500, 550 and 600 °C. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag was determined via XRD analysis and elements distributions were observed via EDS-mapping. The SrCO3 phase was emerged after the addition of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC with Ag powder. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag were maintained before and after sintered. The variable of sintering temperature also not effect the structure as there were no other secondary constituent emerged as confirmed by XRD sensitivity. EDS analysis shows LSCF-SDCC-Ag produced via ball milling has uniform distribution of elements.

Synthesis of Cathode Materials Fe-Doped NiS2 by Mechanical Alloying for Li/NiS2 Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1428-1432
Author(s):  
Xiao Jing Liu ◽  
Dong Wook Park ◽  
Zhe Zhu Xu ◽  
Sang Dae Kang ◽  
In Shup Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Normal Hexane

In order to synthesize the fine compound iron-doped nickel disulfide (NiS2) with environmentally friendly nickel, sulfur and iron powders, mechanical alloying (MA) was conducted for 8 hrs with SPEX Mill at a speed of 1000 rpm. In this process, stearic acid was added as a kind of process control agents (PCAs) to prevent the excessive cold welding. Meanwhile, for the purpose of getting nanocrystalline of Fe-doped NiS2powder particles to improve the contact areas between the active materials, the wet milling process was also done for 30 hrs with normal hexane (C6H14) as a solvent PCA. The prepared powders were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, EPMA, EDS and TEM. Finally, the charge/discharge properties of Li/Fe-doped NiS2cells were investigated at room temperature by employing 1 M LiCF3SO3(lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate) dissolved in TEGDME (tetraethylene glycol dimethylether) as the electrolyte. The initial discharge capacity of Li/Fe-doped NiS2cell using wet milled powders as the cathode material is 792 mAh/g, which may indicate its high energy density and good future as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Influence of the Oxide and Ethanol Surface Layer on Phase Transformation of Al-Based Nanocomposite Powders under High-Energy Milling

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Janovszky
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Process Control Agent ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
High Energy Milling ◽  
Nanocomposite Powders

Pure Al particles reinforced with amorphous-nanocrystalline Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8 particles composite powders were prepared by high-energy milling without and with ethanol. The mechanical milling procedures were compared so that in the case of dry milling the particle size increased owing to cold welding, but the crystallite size decreased below 113 nm. The amorphous phase disappeared and was not developed until 30 h of milling time. Using ethanol as a process control agent, the particle size did not increase, while the amorphous fraction increased to 15 wt.%. Ethanol decomposed to carbon dioxide, water, and ethane. Its addition was necessary to increase the amount of the amorphous structure.

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