scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelhalim ◽  
Abdelhafez Samir ◽  
Nahed Yehia
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Chicken Anemia Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anemia Virus

Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) is an extremely contagious immunosuppressive disease causing high economic losses in poultry production. In the present study, tissue samples (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen) were collected from 86 different broiler chicken farms located in fourteen governorates in Egypt during 2020. They suffered from retard growth, weakness, and a drop in egg production with an observed mortality rate ranged 5-15%. A total of 26 samples were positive for CAV using PCR in six governorates in Lower Egypt with a 30% incidence rate, especially in Sharkia (78%), Ismailia (62.5%), and Alexandria (60%). The viral protein1 (VP1) gene of CAV was genetically characterized by sequencing of 10 selected viruses in six governorates. revealing that all Egyptian strains were clustered into two groups (A, B) that was distinct from vaccine strains (Del-Ros, Cux-1, and 26PA) which were clustered in group C. The seven Egyptian viruses in this study (A-Egypt-AN1-2020 to A-Egypt-AN7-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Japan, Argentina, and Malaysia in group A, and the other three viruses (A-Egypt-AN8-2020, A-Egypt-AN9-2020, A-Egypt-AN10-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Nigeria, and India in group B. The Egyptian viruses in the current study acquired new specific mutations clustering them into new subgroups (2A, 2B). By mutation analysis comparing with Del-Rose reference strains, V75I, M97L, and K139Q, E144Q were recorded in all viruses in the group A and B. All Egyptian viruses in the current study had specific new mutations at Y13N, H22N. Moreover, mutation at G74E in Egyptian viruses recorded in the current study was related to sub group 2A, I83V in three strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020), and S140A in the hypervariable region was found in four strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020 and A/Egypt/AN5/2020) in subgroup 2A. Furthermore, Q139 and Q144 amino acid substitutions, which are important in viral replication, were observed in all viruses. The field viruses in the study were distinct from the vaccinal strains by phylogenetic analysis and A.A. identity. In conclusion, the CAV was continuously circulating in Egypt from different genotypes. It acquired new specific mutations clustering them in a new subgroup, and it was distinct from vaccinal strains. Therefore, it is important to conduct continuous monitoring on the genetic evolution of CAV and further studies on the pathogenicity of the virus and the vaccine efficacy.

Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-L. Austin-Busse ◽  
A. Ladinig ◽  
G. Balka ◽  
S. Zoels ◽  
M. Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Challenge Group

Summary Objective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

scholarly journals Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Hessa A. Al-Sharif ◽  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Jehad M. Yousef ◽  
Taha A. Kumosani ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Group A ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.

scholarly journals Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Blirup-Plum ◽  
Thomas Bjarnsholt ◽  
Henrik E. Jensen ◽  
Kasper N. Kragh ◽  
Bent Aalbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Extensive Debridement ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Aims CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model. Methods Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention. Results All animals presented confirmatory signs of bone infection post-mortem. The estimated amount of inflammation was substantially greater in Groups A and B compared to Group C. In both Groups B and C, peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) of CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue revealed bacteria embedded in an opaque matrix, i.e. within biofilm. In addition, in Group C, the maximal measured post-mortem gentamicin concentrations in CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue samples were 16.6 μg/ml and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):394–401.

Should liver metastases of breast cancer be biopsied to improve treatment choice?

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. CRA1008-CRA1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Locatelli ◽  
G. Curigliano ◽  
L. Fumagalli ◽  
V. Bagnardi ◽  
G. Aurilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

CRA1008 Background: Decision making on systemic treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer is based on features like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2 status assessed on the primary tumor. We evaluated the concordance of receptor status between primary tumor and liver metastases (mts) and its impact on treatment choice. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a database including ultrasound guided liver biopsies performed from 1995 to 2008. All tissue samples, both from primary tumor and liver mts, were analyzed for ER, PgR and HER2 status. Clinical and biological data were obtained from medical charts. Differences between proportions were evaluated using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: We identified 255 consecutive patients (pts) with matched primary and liver tissue samples. Median time from primary diagnosis to liver biopsy was 3.4 years (range 0-18.3 years). Changes in ER status were observed in 41/255 pts (16.0%). 16/58 pts (27.6%) changed from ER-negative to ER-positive and 25/197 pts (12.7%) changed from ER-positive to ER-negative (p=0.0066). Changes in PgR status were observed in 76/255 pts (29.8%). 18/91 pts (19.8%) changed from PgR-negative to -positive and 58/164 pts (64.6%) from PgR-positive to PgR-negative (p <0.0001). 12/52 pts (23.1%) changed from ER- and PgR-negative to ER- or PgR-positive (group A) and 27/203 pts (13.3%) changed from ER- or PgR-positive to ER- and PgR-negative (group B) (p=0.087). In the group A the treatment of 4/12 pts (33.3%) was changed after biopsy: 2/4 started endocrine treatment (HT) and 2/4 stopped it. In group B the treatment of 18/27 pts (66.6%) was changed after biopsy: 17/18 stopped HT. Changes in HER2 status were observed in 22/167 pts (13.1%): 6/116 pts (5.1%) changed from HER2-negative to HER2-positive and 16/51 pts (31.4%) changed from HER2-positive to negative (p≤0.0001). In this group pts started and/or stopped a trastuzumab containing treatment after biopsy. Conclusions: There was a discordance in receptor status between primary tumor and liver mts, which led to change in therapy for 48/255 of pts (18.8%). Biopsy of metastases for reassessment of biological features should be considered in all pts when safe and easy to perform, since it is likely to impact treatment choice. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Transcriptional characterization of microenvironment and their prediction role for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15650-e15650
Author(s):  
Kehe Chen ◽  
Haiming Wei ◽  
Tianqi Liu ◽  
Zhenxiang Chen ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ffpe Tumor ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact

e15650 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common prevalent fatal cancers worldwide with poor prognosis due to high incidence of recurrence. For patients with HCC, surgical treatment is a potentially cutative therapy. However, the puzzle in the therapy was the rapid recurrence after surgery. The purpose of this study was to integrate the impact of different immune context present in HCC microenvironment on patients’ prognosis, provide the molecular prediction clue of HCC recurrence. Methods: RNA targeted sequencing was performed on 12 primary tumor specimens from HCC patients. Transcripts of 395 immune related genes expressed in FFPE tumor samples were analyzed. The lima package was used to analyze the different expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with different prognosis. The gene set variance analysis (GSVA) analysis was performed to explore gene sets enrichment related to the recurrence post-resection. Results: 15 DEGs were detected in tissue samples between the two groups (group A: patients who relapsed within one year after surgery; group B: patients who hadn't relapsed beyond two years after surgery). The Antigen processing pathway enrichment may associate with the favorable prognosis (p < 0.05). HLA-A gene expression in group A was lower than that in group B; The gene expression of IL23A, TP63, ALOX15B, BUB1, CXCR2, CCL20, CLEC4C, PTK7, MPO, IL1B, MMP9, GAGE2C, GAGE2A, GAGE2E, DMBT1, FOXM1 in group A was higher than that in group B. Additionally, the combination of 3 genes (TP63, IL23A and BUB1) can distinguish the patients recurrent within 1 year or beyond 2 years post-resection. The joint diagnostic equation is logit (Y = 1) = 0.073 +0.740 *(TP63) + 0.589 * (IL23A)+0.959(BUB1), (Optimal threshold: 0.667, specificity: 1, sensitivity: 0.833). Conclusions: Our results suggest that RNA-seq of immune related genes from FFPE sample can effectively profile the specific landscape of tumor immune microenvironment and predict the survival of HCC. 3 genes’ expression (TP63, IL23A and BUB1) might correlate with recurrence in HCC patients after surgery.

scholarly journals Coccidiostats in table eggs, liver and poultry meat on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
E Clanjak-Kudra ◽  
D Alagic ◽  
M Smajlovic ◽  
A Smajlovic ◽  
I Mujezinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Poultry meat production is one of the most dynamic sectors in agriculture, recording the quickest growth in the food industry, while egg production has shown strong growth in the last twenty years. Combined with meat production, it is achieving the highest growth when it comes to meeting protein needs for the global population. In economic terms, coccidiosis is one of the most significant poultry diseases. Effective application of coccidiostats in poultry feed has been playing a key role in development of commercial poultry production for more than 50 years. The aim of this research was to estimate occurrence and residue concentrations of coccidiostats in table eggs, poultry liver and meat, available on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Residues of lasalocid were found in table eggs, while residues of nicarbazin, maduramicin and diclazuril were detected in broiler meat and liver.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification of Respiratory Diseases Viruses in Poultry During 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Fatma Amer ◽  
Abdelhafez Samir ◽  
Mohamed Samy ◽  
Ahmed Sedeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Multiple Mutation ◽  
Group B

Abstract Poultry production has affected by multiple respiratory disease triggering serious economic losses in Egypt. In this study, the situation and genetic evolution of respiratory disease in Egypt during 2020 were studied. We collected 53 samples from infected flocks suffered from respiratory signs and variable mortality rate from nine governorates in Egypt during 2020. The collected samples were examined for detection of respiratory disease viruses (Avian influenza virus (AIV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)) by rRT-PCR. The single infection was confirmed in 90.6% (37.7% I. B, 30.2% AIV (H5N8), 9.4% I. B and 5.7% NDV) and co-infection of HPAIV (H5N8) + I.BV and LPAIV (H9N2) +IBV were detected in 3.8% in nine governorates. The HA gene of HPAIV (H5N8) were cluster to clad 2.3.4.4.1b in new branch with characteristic specific mutations especially in T140A in antigenic site A and R72S in the receptor binding site when comparing with A/duck/Egypt/F446/2017 with low A.A identity percent with vaccinal strains (H5N1 and H5N2) reach to 91.9-94% and 84.6% respectively. The HA gene of AIV (H9N2) were belong to A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like virus clustered with group B with specific mutation (212I) that may be effect on human transmission of the virus. The HVRs of S1 gene of IBV cluster to GI23 (Egy Var I) clad with multiple mutation in HVR1, HVR2 when comparing with IBV/CU/4/2014 and low identity percent (68.3%-78.8%) with vaccine strains (H120, M41, 4/91). In conclusion, the respiratory disease continues circulate and rapidly evolved in Egypt during 2020.

scholarly journals Effect of Fresh Forage Canola on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
Yixiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Feed shortage had become a major factor constraining the development of animal husbandry. Forage canola has been found to be a potential feed crop due to its high yield and good quality. Therefore, this study mixed different proportions of forage canola to the diet of laying hens and all eggs were collected for analysis. Laying hens were divided into four groups according to the feeding amount of canola: 0 kg, 3 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg, with 30 laying hens in each group. In the feeding trial, there was no negative effect on hen body weight, egg production, or overall egg quality. The results showed that Group B, C and D complete feed consumption is less than Group A. From the spectrum analysis, the trend of the Group A was different from that of the other three groups. After 35 days of rearing, the laying rate of the Group B and the Group C increased about 30% compared to 1 to 7 day. The weight of the Group B and Group C increased about 5% compared with the initial period, while the Group A increased 0.6% and the Group D increased by 3%. The eggshell strength of the Group B and Group C also increased significantly. The contents of phosphorus and potassium in the Group B and C were higher than those in the Group A and Group D. The effects of canola to poultry diets is therefore of practical interest. This study will provide us a potential forage substance in laying hens production performance. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Corn Silage Supplemented with Pomegranate (Punica granatum) and Avocado (Persea americana) Pulp and Seed Wastes for Improvement of Meat Characteristics in Poultry Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5901
Author(s):  
Stefanos Leontopoulos ◽  
Prodromos Skenderidis ◽  
Konstantinos Petrotos ◽  
Ioannis Giavasis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
By Products

In the present study, pomegranate peels, avocado peels, and seed vacuum microwave extraction solid by-products were supplemented in corn silage in order to investigate the effects on meat quality and growth rate in broiler chicken. There were 50 broilers, divided in two groups, treated with experimental or usual feed for 43 days (group A: 25 broilers fed with avocado and pomegranate by-products and group B: 25 broilers fed with corn-silage used as control). The results showed that broiler chickens fed with a diet supplemented with a mixture of pomegranate avocado by-products (group A) showed significant differences in chicken leg meat quality, significantly improving the level of proteins and fatty acids content in breast and leg meat, respectively. More specific ω3 and ω6 fatty acids content were three times higher than in group B. Moreover, a protective effect on the decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, induced by free radicals and presented in chicken meat, is based on the evaluation of lipid peroxidation by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Pomegranate peels, avocado peels, and seed by-products appeared to have a slight reduction on meat production, while it was found to improve the qualitative chicken meat characteristics. Regarding the production costs, it was calculated that the corn-silage supplementation, used in this study, lead to a 50% lower cost than the commercial corn-silage used for the breeding of broilers.

scholarly journals Efficacy of chicken anemia vaccine in broiler parent stock

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Ali ◽  
S. S. Dahiya ◽  
M. M. Moula ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Chicken Anemia Virus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Anemia Virus

Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important poultry pathogen, which causes immunosuppression and varying levels of mortality. Poultry production is a major livelihood for the people in Bangladesh. The broiler parent stock of Bangladesh using vaccine against CAV but the efficacy of this vaccine against CAV is not well understood. The present study highlights the vaccine efficacy of CAV and maternal transfer of antibodies to the hatched chicks. Methods: Total 7 broiler parent stock (Cobb 500) farms were selected from 7 districts of Bangladesh. Vaccines against CAV administer single time at 80 days of age by live Nobilis® CAV P4 vaccine. Total 516 blood samples were collected in 6 times (at 0, 17, 25, 33, 41 and 49 weeks) from each farm. Then again 143 blood samples were collected from next generation broiler chicks of corresponding broiler parent stock farms at 0, 15 and 30 days. There was no CAV vaccine used in this broiler. Test methods were indirect ELISA test for the detection of blood antibody level against CAV by commercially available kits. Results: No adverse reactions were observed in any of the birds during the course of the study. Our results suggest that the CAV antibody starts decreasing 10 weeks post vaccination. Moreover, a substantial maternal antibody titer has been observed in all groups of chicken hatched out from the earlier vaccinated birds which is sufficient to protect up to first 30 days of life. Conclusions: The antibody titer against CAV become declined after 10 weeks of post vaccination to broiler parent stock and maternally derived antibody can protect chicks until 30 days of live. The study reports the efficacy of vaccination against CAV in Bangladesh and its possible implications in further optimizing the strategy for its vaccination.

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