scholarly journals BIOMANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT AND RENIFORM NEMATODES ON OKRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Suhail Anver
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Reniform Nematodes ◽  
Consequent Improvement

Seed dressing with culture filtrate of Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a significant control of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis singly or concomitantly, with a corresponding increase in plant growth, length and weight of plants and number of pods, chlorophyll content of leaves, water absorption capacity of roots of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). In another experiment soil application with oil cake of neem (Azadirachta indica) showed significant suppression of the nematodes, both singly as well as concomitantly, with the consequent improvement in different growth parameters of the plants as above. A combination of seed dressing treatment with culture filtrate of P. lilacinus and soil amendment with neem cake gave synergistic effect with respect to nematode management and improvement in plant growth parameters.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bacillus sp. Strain with Bacterial Endophytes on Plant Growth and Colonization in Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Ahsanul Salehin ◽  
Ramesh Raj Puri ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman Hafiz ◽  
Kazuhito Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
F 33

Colonization of a biofertilizer Bacillus sp. OYK strain, which was isolated from a soil, was compared with three rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains to evaluate the colonization potential of the Bacillus sp. strains with a different origin. Surface-sterilized seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Chika) were sown in the sterilized vermiculite, and four Bacillus sp. strains were each inoculated onto the seed zone. After cultivation in a phytotron, plant growth parameters and populations of the inoculants in the root, shoot, and rhizosphere were determined. In addition, effects of co-inoculation and time interval inoculation of Bacillus sp. F-33 with the other endophytes were examined. All Bacillus sp. strains promoted plant growth except for Bacillus sp. RF-37, and populations of the rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains were 1.4–2.8 orders higher in the tomato plant than that of Bacillus sp. OYK. The plant growth promotion by Bacillus sp. F-33 was reduced by co-inoculation with the other endophytic strains: Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and Herbaspirillum sp. Sal 6., though the population of Bacillus sp. F-33 maintained or slightly decreased. When Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 was inoculated after Bacillus sp. F-33, the plant growth-promoting effects by Bacillus sp. F-33 were reduced without a reduction of its population, while when Bacillus sp. F-33 was inoculated after Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, the effects were increased in spite of the reduction of its population. Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 colonized dominantly under both conditions. The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggests the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization. The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms.

Effects of Nitric Oxide Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Pepper Plants under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Fikret YAŞAR ◽  
Özlem ÜZAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the messenger molecule Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative enzyme (SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; CAT: Catalase; APX: Ascorbate Peroxidase) activities in some metabolic changes that occur under the effect of drought stress in plants, to determine the possible roles of Nitric Oxide and to obtain complementary information. The experiment conducted in a controlled environment, and plant were cultured in containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. For drought stress application, 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) was added to the nutrient solution, which is equivalent to -0.40 MPa osmotic potential. Before the drought stress is applied, pepper seedlings of Demre cv were pre-treated with different doses of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Carboxy-PTIO (potassium salt) (cPTIO) (SNP 0.01, SNP 1, SNP 100 and SNP 0.01 + cPTIO, SNP + cPTIO, SNP 100+ cPTIO). On the 10th day of the drought application, the growth parameters of the plants; the plant fresh weights and their Antioxidative Enzyme Activities (SOD, CAT, APX) were determined. In terms of plant growth parameters, both plant growth and antioxidant anzyme activities of plants pretreated with 0.01 and 1 doses of SNP were lower than the high dose of SNP and the PEG application without pretreatment. The reason for the low enzyme activities in these applications can be attributed to factors such as the excess accumulation of organic acids such as proline in the cells of the plants and the decrease in H2O2 and O-2 levels in the presence of SNP.

scholarly journals Analysis of variability of quantitave traits of Vaccinium corymbosum L. ex vitro under different lighting modes

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Marta P. Fedorenko ◽  
Anton A. Volotovich ◽  
Oksana A. Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Led Light

The article presents the results of studies on the comparative analysis of bioproductional parameters of plant growth of Bluecrop and Elizabeth high-bush blueberry ex vitro under the conditions of fluorescent and LED lighting. Ensuring the optimal spectral composition of radiation, realized with the original LED light, led to a significant increase at 1.1–1.6 times in all of the analyzed growth parameters in high-bush blueberry ex vitro plants.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Inoculation on Growth and Plant Nutrition of Peach Grafted in Different Rootstocks in Calcareous Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2615-2624
Author(s):  
Muzaffer İpek ◽  
Şeyma Arıkan ◽  
Ahmet Eşitken ◽  
Lütfi Pırlak ◽  
Mesude Figen Dönmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Iron Content

The highly calcareous soil limits plant growth parameters due to inadequate uptake of plant nutrients. Calcareous soil conditions affect plant growth through impaired chlorophyll synthesis, root growth, enzyme synthesis, and nutrient uptake. To overcome the negative effect of calcareous soil, six bacterial strains namely Alcaligenes 637Ca, Agrobacterium A18, Staphylococcus MFDCa1, Staphylococcus MFDCa2, Bacillus M3, and Pantoea FF1 were inoculated in one-year-old plants of peach cultivar ‘Elegant Lady’ grafted onto GF677 and Nemaguard rootstocks. The bacterial treatments were observed to improve plant growth and nutrient content compared to the control. Moreover, the GF677 rootstock was observed to be more tolerant to high calcareous soil conditions than Nemaguard, showing better plant growth and nutrient content. At the Nemaguard rootstocks, the largest leaf area was observed to be upon inoculation with MFDCa2 (29.1 cm2), FF1 (28.8 cm2), and M3 (28.1 cm2), whereas at the GF677 rootstock, the highest leaf area was observed upon inoculation with MFDCa1 (34.7 cm2), FF1 (32.6 cm2), and 637Ca (31.5 cm2). The leaf iron content was higher in bacterial treatments than the control. In the Nemaguard rootstock, the highest iron content was measured in plants inoculated with 637Ca (133.49 mg kg–1) and M3 (127.64 mg kg–1), whereas in the GF677 rootstock, the treatments MFDCa1 (131.51 mg kg–1), 637Ca (131.21 mg kg–1), FF1 (127.72 mg kg–1), and M3 (127.68 mg kg–1) resulted in high iron content. The results indicate that bacterial inoculations have a significant potential to improve plant growth and can be used as biofertilizers for peach grafted onto Nemaguard and GF677 in high calcareous soil conditions.

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