Assessing the Genotoxic Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Cosmetics and Alomo Bitters (Alcoholic Drink) Using Allium Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
G Obute ◽  
C Ekeke ◽  
U Nwagwu
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Alcoholic Drink ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of the Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Leaf and Bark Extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha in Murine Model

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2217
Author(s):  
Fany Renata Aguilera-Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez ◽  
Clara Luz Galván-Moreno ◽  
Rosalinda Gutiérrez-Hernández ◽  
Claudia Araceli Reyes Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Sampling Times

Crataegus oxyacantha has been mainly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its safety profile has not been fully established, since only the genotoxic effects of C. oxyacantha fruit have been described. Therefore, the objective of this work was evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha by means of the micronucleus test in a murine model. Doses of 2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days in mice of the Balb-C strain. Peripheral blood smears were performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after each administration. The number of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) was determined at the different sampling times. Our results showed that the leaf and bark of C. oxyacantha increase the number of MNEs at the 2000 mg/kg dose, and only the aqueous leaf extract decreases the number of PCEs at the same dose. Therefore, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha showed genotoxic effects, and only the aqueous leaf extract exhibited cytotoxic effects.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Saifullah ◽  
Mudasir Ahmad ◽  
Babu Lal Swami ◽  
Saiqa Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy than the chemically synthesized nanoparticles: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110121
Author(s):  
Kashan Khan ◽  
Saleem Javed
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Biological Methods

A wide variety of methods have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the recent past; however, biological methods have attracted much attention over the traditional chemical synthesis method due to being non-hazardous and eco-friendly. Here, a detailed and systemic study was performed to compare two different synthesis routes for Ag-NPs, that is, the chemical and the biological; their possible outcomes have also been described. Ag-NPs were synthesized chemically (cAg-NPs) using a chemical reductant and biologically (bAg-NPs) by using aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, EDX, and TEM. The average particle sizes (APS) of cAg-NPs were found to be 8 and 13 nm and of bAg-NPs to be 19 and 43 nm under different AgNO3 concentrations. The antimicrobial tests of differently sized NPs were performed against Escherichia coli (Gram −ve) and S taphylococcus aureus (Gram +ve). The results revealed that bAg-NPs of APS 43 nm were highly antimicrobial against both the tested bacterial stains followed by cAg-NPs of 8 nm. We found the effect of cAg-NPs to be size-dependent, whereas bAg-NPs showed a more significant antimicrobial effect than cAg-NPs.

scholarly journals Restorative effect of Azadirachta indica against fenvalerate induced haematological and biochemical toxicity in a freshwater fish Clarias batrachus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Pratibha Kumari ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jigyasu ◽  
Dilip Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Pesticide use in recent times has increased many folds to enhance the yield of crops. The water bodies like ponds and others are extensively used for the cultivation of fishes. Since these fishes are a good source of protein and nutritious value, hence are consumed by humans. These pesticide-contaminated fishes are consumed by the human, causing health hazards. The objective of the present research work was to know the bio remedial effect of Azadirachta indica on fenvalerate induced toxicity in a freshwater air-breathing catfish "Mangur" known as Clarias batrachus ( Linnaeus). The fishes were treated with 1/3rd of LC50, i.e. 0.92 ppm of a pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate and observed the fishes for 96 hours. Thereafter, the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was administered orally, daily by gastric intubation method at the dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight per day for 15 days. The study revealed that, after the exposure of 0.92 ppm of fenvalerate, there was a significant decrease in RBC count from 2.76 to 2.14 X (106) (mm-3), Total leukocyte count from18.10 to 16.30 X (103) (mm-3), , packed ell volume from 24 % to 16% , haemoglobin from 6.89 g/100 ml to 4.23 g/100ml of blood whereas increase in the level of serum glucose and cholesterol level from 50.33 mg/dl to 103.73 mg/dl and 168.52 g/dl to 248.99 g/dl respectively. At the same time, serum protein level decreased from  3.16g/dl to2.52 g/dl due to pesticide in the experimental fishes.   But, after the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica there was significant normalisation in the test parameters of the fishes. The study indicated that neem leaves possessed restorative effect against fenvalerate induced toxicity in Clarias batrachus.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal effect of leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on growth parameters and diseases of tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Nahak ◽  
Rajani Kanta Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This paper investigates the potential use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) aqueous leaf extract on the growth, yield and disease control of a common vegetable plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The neem extract increased shoot height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of buds, number of flowers and number of fruits of tomato plant over controls in different treatments. Numbers of diseases were calculated as percentage and disease/plant. The percentage of reduction of disease was calculated after the spray of neem extract on plants. Neem extract was found effectively in controlling canker (50.32%), early blight (55.12%), wilt (59.45%), leaf spot (55.48%), fruit spot (41.93%), blossom end rot (40.86%) and sun scald (25.61%) in comparison to controls under field condition. Thus, biopesticides can contribute in reducing use of chemical pesticides and subsequently minimize its hazards to the environment and human health.

scholarly journals Larvicidal, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34501 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rafael Silva Araújo ◽  
Maria Wlly Da Silva Costa ◽  
Wallace Baldez Oliveira ◽  
Reginaldo Roris Cavalcante ◽  
Pedro Marcos Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Cepa Test ◽  
Positive Controls

 The present study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effect of aqueous leaf extract from Jatropha mollissima on the larvae of Aedes aegypti and analyze its cytotoxic and genotoxic activity in the Allium cepa test. Larvae of the mosquito were exposed to the negative and positive controls (distilled water and diflubenzuron, 0.003 mg mL-1, respectively) and to leaf extract concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 mg mL-1. The mortality rate was evaluated every 24 hours over five days. For the cytotoxic and genotoxic analyses, roots of A. cepa were exposed to the negative (distilled water) and positive control (trifluralin, 0.84 ppm) and to different leaf extract concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg mL-1) for 24 hours. The statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). The leaf extract presented promising larvicidal activity at the concentrations of 0.08 and 0.1 mg mL-1, and none of the concentrations evaluated in A. cepa exhibited cytotoxic or genotoxic effect. Since the larvicidal action of J. mollissima and the absence of cellular toxicity have been demonstrated, further studies are recommended to determine the mechanism of action of the extract as a possible natural larvicide. 

Cytoprotective and antiadhesive effects of aqueous leaf extract from Orthosiphon aristatus against uropathogenic E. coli

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sarshar ◽  
MR Asadi Karam ◽  
M Habibi ◽  
S Bouzari ◽  
X Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

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