Quantitative Models for Prediction of Cumulative Trauma Disorders Applied to the Maquiladora Industry

Temperature gradient changes on the surface of the skin or in the middle of the body are signs of a disease. The aim of this study is to develop quantitative models for the prediction of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) arising from highly repetitive activities, considering risk factors, such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate, to prevent injuries in manufacturing factory operators. This research involved 19 individuals from the area of sanding and 14 individuals from the area of tolex in manufacturing factories who had their vital signs and somatometry taken, as well as thermal images of their hands in the dorsal and palmar areas; an evaluation by the OCRA method was also applied. Factors such as BP and heart rate were determined to significantly influence the injuries, but no strong association with BMI was found. Quadratic regression models were developed, the estimates of which were adequately adjusted to the variable (R2 and R2 adjusted > 0.70). When integrating the factors of the OCRA method to the generated models, a better fit was obtained (R2 and adjusted R2 > 0.80). In conclusion, the participants who present levels out of the normal range in at least one of the factors have high probabilities of developing injuries in their wrists.

Organização do trabalho e adoecimento dos bancários: uma revisão de literatura

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma análise de produções científicas das relações entre saúde e trabalho dos trabalhadores bancários, encontradas em teses, dissertações, artigos das literaturas nacional e inter nacional, produzidos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, no período de 2008 a 2018. A pesquisa foi feita em bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e da PubMed, utilizando-se os temas ‘bank workers’ e ‘bank employees’, assim como os descritores ‘environmental health’, ‘antidepressive agents’, ‘occupational diseases’, ‘stress, psychological’, ‘depressive disorder’, ‘burnout, professional’, ‘cumulative trauma disorders’ e os termos livres ‘occupational stress’, ‘stress’, ‘ psychological distress’ e ‘psychosocial work environment’. Foram encontrados 120 estudos, dos quais, 37 tratavam especificamente do tema. A análise permitiu encontrar uma descrição da visão predominante na literatura acerca das características do trabalho nos bancos que se relacionam ao sofrimento, ao desgaste e ao adoecimento dos trabalhadores. A forma de organização do processo de trabalho no setor bancário se relaciona com o sofrimento e o adoecimento, podendo levar ao suicídio. Apesar da relação estabelecida entre trabalho e adoecimento, a descrição da organização do trabalho é superficial nos estudos, sendo seu aprofundamento importante para a compreensão e a transformação desse panorama.

UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN ERGONOMIK SERTA MENCEGAH HAZARD PSIKOSOSIAL

Ergonomi menjadi pilar kesehatan dan menjadi salah satu indikator kesejahteraan. perbaikan ergonomi perlu dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan terhadap penyakit CTDs (Cumulative Trauma Disorders) akibat faktor risiko kerja postur janggal, beban, frekuensi dan durasi yang bersumber dari pekerjaan, seperti nyeri tengkuk, nyeri pinggang bawah atau low back pain, rasa baal pada jari telunjuk, jari tengah dan jari manis yang disertai nyeri terbakar pada malam hari, kekakuan, lemah dan nyeri saat tangan digunakan dan dikenal dengan nama Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Dalam ergonomi, postur tubuh adalah faktor yang sangat penting, salah satunya postur duduk yang setiap orang lakukan setiap hari dalam durasi berjam-jam. Tujuan utama membuat desain ergonomi untuk kursi atau tempat duduk dan meja adalah menciptakan sedemikian rupa bentuk kursi dan meja belajar, sehingga dapat mempertahankan postur tulang punggung yang fi siologis, dengan demikian diharapkan kerja otot tidak perlu berkontraksi secara berlebihan. Masalah ketidaksesuaian aspek ergonomi antara sarana kerja dan manusia serta pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan belum mendapatkan perhatian yang serius di Indonesia. Hal ini terbukti dengan masih banyaknya tempat-tempat kerja yang belum berpedoman dengan kaidah ergonomi dalam hal penyediaan peralatan kerja bagi tenaga kerja. Ketepatan dimensi merupakan salah satu faktor penentu kenyamanan yang menunjang aspek fungsional dari suatu rancangan. Untuk menghasilkan suatu desain yang tepat dimensi perlu pertimbangan yang matang dan observasi yang cermat terkait dengan faktor manusia sebagai pengguna produk.

ANALISIS RISIKO KELELAHAN OTOT DENGAN METODE CUMMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS RISK INDEX

PT XYZ membutuhkan tenaga mesin dan kerja fisik operator dalam proses produksi botol plastik. Namun, tenaga manusia memiliki keterbatasan fisik apabila melakukan aktivitas yang berlebihan. Risiko cedera dan kecelakaan kerja yang akan terjadi cukup tinggi apabila dibiarkan. Salah satu, cidera kerja yang dialami oleh operator dalam aktivitas produksi yaitu, gangguan musculoskeletal, cidera ditangan dan sakit pinggang. Hal ini, disebabkan aktivitas kerja yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dan mengkibatkan cidera, serta penurunan produktivitas kerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan berupaya menemukan solusi permasalahan dengan mengukur level risiko menggunakan pendekatan metode cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) risk index. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, diperoleh level cidera pada tiga faktor utama dan satu faktor tambahan, meliputi : Frequency Factor (1,98), Posture Factor (0,9) dan Force Factor (3,441), serta Miscellaneous Factor (1). Kemudian, diperoleh CTD Risk Index sebesar 1,996. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa, CTD Risk Index menghasilkan level risiko kumulatif > 1. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan risiko cidera kumulatif pada operator di stasiun kerja, sehingga dapat menimbulkan cidera otot. Dengan demikian, solusi dari permasalahan dari penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan adanya waktu istirahat dan perbaikan layout stasiun kerja, sehingga operator dapat bekerja dengan postur tubuh yang baik dan mencegah terjadinya risiko kerja, kelelahan otot yang mengakibatkan Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs).

PENINGKATAN KINERJA INDUSTRI KECIL DAN MENENGAHDENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL ERGONOMI POSTUR KERJA

Human factors are very important factors in small and medium industries, in determining the productivity of a production system. However, work safety and comfort are often overlooked, as happened in two different companies, namely food companies and manufacturing companies. Both are influenced by the conditions of the company's work facilities that are less ergonomic, so that they can endanger the body of the worker. A similar thing also happened to Manufacturing companies. This study aims to analyze and make a proposal for a more ergonomic work facility design using the Ergonimi pastoral approach. From the results of the improvement it was found that the risk level of Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) was reduced from high to low and from high to moderate. While productivity of work time increases by 10-20%.

Osteomuscular Symptoms in Dentists: a Pilot Study

Dentists are more likely to develop occupational diseases due to the routine use of arms and shoulders with the same patterns of movement. Musculoskeletal disorders encompass several pathologies that are the main cause of early worker withdrawal and can lead to symptoms that hinder professional activity, such as pain, fatigue and even the spine functional impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms related to the dentists’ professional activity. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data collection was performed at the Dental Specialties Centers in the cities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Mauriti in the state of Ceará. To collect the data an interview script and the Nordic questionnaire - adapted NMQ were used. Of those interviewed, 83.33% reported pain in the last 12 months; 46.66% reported some pain in the last 7 days; 36.66% reported that pain was an obstacle to work; 53.33% sought a health professional for consultation related to pain in the last 12 months; and 90% correlated the pain experienced with work. The anatomical regions that most professionals reported were pain in the lower back, neck, hands, shoulders and upper back. Given the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and their consequences on the health of dentists, it is fundamental to adopt practices that aim to prevent their onset.Keywords: Ergonomics. Cumulative Trauma Disorders. Musculoskeletal. Signs and Symptoms. Pain.ResumoCirurgiões-dentistas estão mais propensos a desenvolver doenças ocupacionais devido ao uso rotineiro dos membros superiores com os mesmos padrões de movimento. Os “distúrbios osteomusculares” abrangem diversas patologias, que configuram a principal causa do afastamento precoce do trabalhador e podem se traduzir em sintomas que dificultam a atividade profissional, como dores, fadiga e até comprometimento funcional da coluna vertebral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas osteomusculares relacionados à atividade profissional dos cirurgiões-dentistas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas nas cidades de Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Mauriti no estado do Ceará. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista e o questionário nórdico – NMQ adaptado. Dos entrevistados, 83,33% relataram dor nos últimos 12 meses; 46,66% relataram alguma dor nos últimos 7 dias; 36,66% alegaram que a dor foi motivo de impedimento para exercer seu trabalho; 53,33% procuraram algum profissional de saúde para consulta relacionada às dores nos últimos 12 meses; e 90% correlacionaram as dores sentidas com o trabalho. As regiões anatômicas que os profissionais mais relataram dor foram a lombar, pescoço, mãos, ombros e região dorsal. Diante da gravidade dos sintomas osteomusculares e de suas consequências sobre a saúde dos cirurgiões-dentistas, torna-se fundamental a adoção de práticas que objetivem prevenir o seu aparecimento.Palavras-chave: Ergonomia. Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos. Sinais e Sintomas. Dor.