Сверхзвуковое ламинарное обтекание затупленного ребра: двойственность численного решения

Results of numerical simulation of supersonic flow past a blunt fin mounted on a plate with a developing laminar boundary layer are presented. Generally, the case considered corresponds to the flow configuration used in the experimental and computational study by Tutty et al (2013), where the laminar air flow with the freestream Mach number of 6.7 is considered. The simulation was performed for different values of Reynolds number ranging from 5000·to 20000. Two stable solutions corresponding to metastable flow states with different configurations of the vortex structure were predicted within some range of Reynolds number. The bifurcation diagrams showing the main horseshoe vortex center location and the length of separation region versus the Reynolds number is presented, critical Reynolds number corresponding to occurrence of the second isolated solution is evaluated.

Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Pilobatella (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae)

The genus Pilobatella (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) comprises 10 species, which are distributed in the Palaeotropical region; this includes two new species described herein on the basis of adult specimens sampled from forest leaf litter in Andasibe-Mantadia National Park of eastern Madagascar. Pilobatella mikoi n. sp. is similar to Pilobatella baloghi Mahunka, 2003 in having long interlamellar setae and adanal setae ad1 and ad2, but differs by having monodactylous legs (versus tridactylous) and a bothridial seta that is gradually expanded to a narrow head (versus setiform, without head). Pilobatella kovaci n. sp. is similar to P. mikoi n. sp. in having monodactylous legs, long interlamellar setae and adanal setae ad1 and ad2, but differs by the presence of lineolate notogaster and anogenital region (versus lineolate markings absent), long tutoria (versus tutoria of medium length), rounded trochanters distodorsally (versus pointed) and clearly distanced medial ends of apodemes 2 (versus nearly touching at midline). A revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to known species of Pilobatella are presented.

Areas of industrial damages in upper Silesian industrial region versus recultivation or revitalization ?

Areas of industrial damages require elaborating efficient methods of reclamation and revitalization. A region of Poland, where process of degradation is particularly visible is Upper Silesian Industrial Region. Areas in the zone of many-years influence of Huta “Miasteczko Śląskie” are characterized by norm-exceeding concentration of heavy metals. The area in its direct surrounding was defined as industriogeneous desert. In 2017 on three designated testing grounds with diversified degree of contamination (see: map) of joint area of 1.5 ha, planted were jointly 6550 seedlings of chosen species of trees and bushes which were likely to survive in those conditions. In the first vegetative season, despite extremely long-lasting drought and high temperatures, the seedlings showed high survivability. It amounted 82% on industriogeneous desert (testing ground C) and 90-95% on forest testing grounds (A and B). Maples stood out among other trees with proper development and condition. The highest seedlings, especially mountain ash, birch and European red elder already in August had burnt top shoots and numerous necroses on leaves. Introduction of plants – hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, especially on industriogeneous desert will influence positively on condition and development of seedlings in future vegetative seasons.

A new species of Gracixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Yunnan, China

A new species of the genusGracixalus,Gracixalusyunnanensissp. n., is described based on a series of specimens collected from southwestern and southern Yunnan, China. This species is distinguished from all other known congeners by a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size in adult males (SVL 26.0–34.2 mm); dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown; distinctive conical asperities on dorsum; males with an external subgular vocal sac and linea masculina; throat, chest, and belly nearly immaculate; venter surface orangish with yellow spots, semi-transparent; snout rounded; supratympanic fold distinct; iris bronze; lack of white patch on temporal region; tibiotarsal projection absent; sides of body nearly smooth with no black blotch; finger webbing rudimentary; and toe webbing formula I1.5–2II1.5–2.7III.5–3IV2.5–1.5V. Genetically, the new species diverges from its congeners by 2.2%–14.1% (uncorrected p-distance) and is closest toG.guangdongensis. However, the new species can morphologically be separated fromG.guangdongensisby distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), lateral surface nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region (versus lateral surface rough, scattered with tubercles and black blotches on ventrolateral region), snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), iris bronze (versus iris brown), and ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown).

Notes on the Cultivation of Two Mixotrophic Dinophysis Species and Their Ciliate Prey Mesodinium rubrum

Kleptoplastic mixotrophic species of the genus Dinophysis are cultured by feeding with the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, itself a kleptoplastic mixotroph, that in turn feeds on cryptophytes of the Teleaulax/Plagioselmis/Geminigera (TPG) clade. Optimal culture media for phototrophic growth of D. acuminata and D. acuta from the Galician Rías (northwest Spain) and culture media and cryptophyte prey for M. rubrum from Huelva (southwest Spain) used to feed Dinophysis, were investigated. Phototrophic growth rates and yields were maximal when D. acuminata and D. acuta were grown in ammonia-containing K(-Si) medium versus f/2(-Si) or L1(-Si) media. Dinophysis acuminata cultures were scaled up to 18 L in a photobioreactor. Large differences in cell toxin quota were observed in the same Dinophysis strains under different experimental conditions. Yields and duration of exponential growth were maximal for M. rubrum from Huelva when fed Teleaulax amphioxeia from the same region, versus T. amphioxeia from the Galician Rías or T. minuta and Plagioselmis prolonga. Limitations for mass cultivation of northern Dinophysis strains with southern M. rubrum were overcome using more favorable (1:20) Dinophysis: Mesodinium ratios. These subtleties highlight the ciliate strain-specific response to prey and its importance to mass production of M. rubrum and Dinophysis cultures.

What’s Gone Wrong (and Right) in the Industrial Heartland?

The historically Midwestern manufacturing region, sometimes referred to as the “Rust Belt,” faced another challenging period after 2000 when manufacturing employment declined by 1.2 million jobs. This Commentary investigates the relative economic performance of this region versus other US metropolitan areas during and following these job losses. The analysis shows that while unemployment rates have recovered in the metro areas of the industrial heartland, other economic indicators lag behind the manufacturing-intensive metro areas outside of the region.