On the self-similarity index of 𝑝-adic analytic pro-𝑝 groups

Let 𝑝 be a prime. We say that a pro-𝑝 group is self-similar of index p k p^{k} if it admits a faithful self-similar action on a p k p^{k} -ary regular rooted tree such that the action is transitive on the first level. The self-similarity index of a self-similar pro-𝑝 group 𝐺 is defined to be the least power of 𝑝, say p k p^{k} , such that 𝐺 is self-similar of index p k p^{k} . We show that, for every prime p ⩾ 3 p\geqslant 3 and all integers 𝑑, there exist infinitely many pairwise non-isomorphic self-similar 3-dimensional hereditarily just-infinite uniform pro-𝑝 groups of self-similarity index greater than 𝑑. This implies that, in general, for self-similar 𝑝-adic analytic pro-𝑝 groups, one cannot bound the self-similarity index by a function that depends only on the dimension of the group.

Prolactin action is necessary for parental behavior in male mice

Parental care is critical for successful reproduction in mammals. In comparison to maternal care, the neuroendocrine mechanisms supporting paternal care are less well-studied. Laboratory mice show a mating-induced suppression of infanticide (normally observed in virgins) and onset of paternal behavior. Using this model, we sought to investigate whether the hormone prolactin plays a role in paternal behavior, as it does for maternal behavior. First, using c-fos immunoreactivity in Prlr-IRES-Cre-tdtomato reporter mouse sires, we show that the circuitry activated during paternal interactions contains prolactin-responsive neurons, including the medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdala. To evaluate whether prolactin action is required for the establishment and display of paternal behavior, we conditionally deleted the prolactin receptor (Prlr) from 3 distinct cell types: glutamatergic, GABAergic, and CaMKIIα-expressing forebrain neurons. Prlr-deletion from CaMKIIα-expressing forebrain neurons, but not from glutamatergic or GABAergic cells, resulted in a profound effect on paternal behavior, as none of these males completed the pup retrieval task. Finally, although sires do not show an acute increase in circulating prolactin levels in response to pups, pharmacological blockade of prolactin-release at the time of pup exposure resulted in failure to retrieve pups, similar to when the Prlr was deleted from CaMKIIα neurons, with prolactin administration rescuing this behavior. Taken together, our data show that paternal behavior in sires is dependent on basal levels of circulating prolactin acting at the Prlr on CaMKIIα-expressing neurons. These new data in male mice demonstrate that prolactin has a similar action in both sexes to promote parental care.

Shell departure will expose Dutch business risks

Significance The oil and gas giant cited the country’s 15% dividend tax on some types of shares as a key reason behind its decision, while in recent years the company has been subject to climate litigation in the courts. Impacts The government will be significantly more vigilant and protective of key industrial players such as semiconductor producer ASML. Farmers' protests are likely to increase amid worsening constraints over climate regulation and competition for space. Successful legal action over climate change in the Netherlands will encourage similar action in other countries.

Characterization of novel interactions with membrane NEU1 highlights new regulatory functions for the Elastin Receptor Complex in monocyte interaction with endothelial cells

Background Vascular aging is associated with remodeling of elastin, one of the main extracellular matrix component of the arterial wall, and production of elastin-derived peptides (EDP). These extracellular matrix degradation products have been shown to trigger biological activities through the elastin receptor complex (ERC) and data from the last decade have brought significant insights on the critical role played by its NEU1 subunit in the biological effects mediated by EDP and the ERC in vascular and metabolic diseases. Results Using a proteomic approach, we previously identified new potential interaction partners of membrane NEU1. Here, we validated the interaction between NEU1 and the β2 integrin in human monocytes and show that binding of EDP to the ERC leads to desialylation of β2 integrin through NEU1. A similar action mechanism was identified in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Importantly, these effects were associated with a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and monocyte transendothelial migration. Conclusions These results demonstrate that membrane NEU1 sialidase interacts and modulates the sialylation levels of the β2 integrin and ICAM-1 through the ERC in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, and suggest that EDP and the ERC, through this newly identified common mode of action governed by NEU1, may be important regulators of circulating monocyte recruitment to inflamed vascular sites. Moreover, by its ability to interact with and to modulate the sialylation of key membrane glycoproteins through NEU1, new biological functions are anticipated for EDP and the ERC in elastin remodeling-associated disorders.

Cobb-Douglas Preferences and Pollution in a Bilateral Oligopoly Market

In this paper, we investigate how pollution changes with preferences, focusing on a finite bilateral oligopoly model where agents have asymmetric Cobb-Douglas preferences. Producers are also consumers and the choice of heterogeneous preferences is related to the psychological foundations and identity aspects of group membership. We compare two strategic equilibria: the Stackelberg-Cournot equilibrium with pollution (SCEP) and the Cournot equilibrium with pollution (CEP). We show that considering the asymmetric preferences helps the public decision-maker to identify precisely the category of agents (consumer–producers or pure-consumers) for which a change in environmental preference parameters will most effectively reduce pollution. Furthermore, we find that firms’ emissions’ elasticity decreases with market power (when the market power increases) if their marginal cost is lower than their competitor. Finally, we show that when producers are also consumers, an action on pure-consumers’ preference parameters reduces more emissions than a similar action on consumer–producers, and this regardless of the timing of interaction.

COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION ON THE EFFECT OF GUDUCHI VATI AND YASTIMADHU VATI ON MEDHA (ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE) IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

Medha is a concept in Ayurveda where man has always failed to arrive at a definite conclusion. As per the ayurvedic classics, Medha is the retention power of an individual or is the unobstructed and uninterrupted perception and retention of knowledge in all the aspects of an object [1] Academic Performance of an individual is an outcome of his mental and physical potential. Recent studies show that the intellectual abilities of students have a positive association with their scholastic achievement.[2] Acharya Charaka has mentioned 4 individual drugs under Chara- koktha Medhya Rasayanas for their action on Medha [3] and Guduchi Swarasa and Yastimadhu Ksheerapaka are mentioned among them. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the Medhya effect of Guduchi Vati and Yastimadhu Vati. The study was a comparative clinical study with a total subject of 40, where 20 patients were administered with Guduchi Vati and the other 20 with Yastimadhu Vati. The study showed a statistically significant result where the Guduchi Vati is having similar action to that of Yastimadhu Vati on Medha (Academic Perfor- mance) in School going children. Keywords: Guduchi Vati, Yastimadhu Vati, Medha, Academic Performance

Reducing Energy and Water Consumption in Textile Dyeing Industry with Cleaner Production by Inlet-Outlet Modification to Reuse Wastewater

Dyeing Finishing (DF) textile industries which consume a lot of energy, chemicals, water, etc., then produce a lot of wastewater which creates significant environmental problems, can be anticipated by applying Cleaner Production. This paper is presented to discuss the technical modification process of dyeing production machines, which reuse process wastewater to save water and energy consumption in the production process. For that reason, there are three steps taken. First, understand the process flow of the textile dyeing industry. Second, understand in detail the dyeing process of the Jet Dyeing (JD) machine. Third, implement steps on the floor, focusing on the JD machine, starting from the initial conditions until the third step. As a result, savings in water consumption per day for 10 JD machines were achieved by almost 50 %, with details; at the initial status 700 000 L, 600 000 L in the first step, 430 000 L in the second step, and finally 400 000 L in the third step. A similar action can be carried out in other processes, such as washing, de-sizing, or in other industries which also consume a lot of water and energy.

The marketing study of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in the segment of antihemorrhagic agents to stop dental bleeding

Aim. To conduct the marketing research of the Ukrainian market in the segment of antihemorrhagic agents used in dentistry.Materials and methods. The study was performed using the structural analysis, logical and graphical methods, marketing analysis methods.Results. The state of the Ukrainian market of drugs of this group has been determined. The market structure has been revealed in the number of names, brands, in forms of production, manufacturers, composition. Despite the sufficient number of registered drugs at the market (26 positions), a rather small arsenal of active substances (4) and dosage forms (3) can be observed. The market is characterized by a limited amount of drugs with a certain pharmacodynamics combining a rapid hemostatic effect, safety in use, the ability to suppress bacterial flora, and without the effect on healthy tissues. However, a positive moment should be noted: by the structure of manufacturer countries the market remains domestic (60 : 40).Conclusions. The Ukrainian pharmaceutical market is characterized by a sufficient assortment of hemostatic agents, but the use of these drugs in dentistry has its limitations. Dental doctors have certain problems with the occurrence of capillary bleeding and require a sufficient amount of effective and fastacting drugs for local application. Therefore, the search and creation of new drugs with a similar action at this stage remains a relevant scientific issue.

Generalised Beauville groups

A Beauville surface is defined by the action of a finite group (Beauville group) on the product of two compact Riemann surfaces. In this paper, we consider higher products and the possibility of a similar action by a finite group, which we call a generalised Beauville group; we prove several results regarding the existence and construction of infinite families of generalised Beauville groups and provide a complete classification of the abelian ones; we list all generalised Beauville groups of orders from 1 to 1023.

Guatemala anti-corruption protests will endure

Significance The move, which follows a series of contentious judicial appointments earlier in the year, has heightened concern over the state’s commitment to addressing corruption. President Alejandro Giammattei’s government is set to experience increased pressure domestically and from the US government, which has prioritised tackling corruption in its engagement with Central America. Impacts Protests will disrupt business activity nationwide, further weighing on Guatemala’s post-pandemic economic recovery. Investigations into spending during the pandemic have the potential to spark further unrest. The US curtailment of cooperation with Guatemala raises risks of similar action against Honduras, which has comparable corruption issues.