Mobile, Alabama’s Joe Cain Procession

This article investigates the contradictions that characterize Mobile, Alabama’s Joe Cain Day celebration. We look at the official narratives that established Mobile’s Mardi Gras origin myths and the event’s tradition invention in 1967 with a People’s Parade centered around Cain’s redface character, Chief Slacabamorinico. Then we discuss the complicated and ever-evolving symbolism surrounding the character by discussing more recent iterations of this public performance. In its inception, the Joe Cain celebration was a clear example of Lost Cause nostalgia, yet it has been adopted, adapted, and embraced by historically marginalized people who use it as a way to claim their space in the festivities. Employing both historical and ethnographic research, we show that carnival can simultaneously be a space for defiance and reaffirmation of social hierarchies and exclusionary discourses. We discuss here some of the concrete material elements that lend this public performance its white supremacist subtext, but we also want to complicate the definition of “materiality” by claiming a procession as a Confederate monument/memorial.

The use of olive waste for development sustainable rigid pavement concrete material

Recycle and reuse of agriculture and industrial wastes becomes a big chalenge in different parts of the world. The success in the waste recycle could lead to conserve the environment, reduce the use of cement, and improve health environment. This paper presents the potential use of fly ash from olive oil waste in Jordan to improve concrete material which could be used as a sustainable material for rigid pavement and building construction material. Olive oil ash was collected from olive oil mill and replace cement in producing concrete material. The range of cement replacement was 0% to 12.5% with increment 2.5%. The results indicate that olive oil reduces the workability of concrete material. The reduction of the slump of concrete increases with increasing olive ash content. Strength and durability of concrete improved and increased with increasing olive ash content in concrete up to 7.5 percent then the strength reduced. The results in this study show that the use of 7.5% was the optimum replacement of cement. This percent could produce concrete with higher strength and higher durability in comparison with the control concrete mix. Olive waste ash enhances both strength and durability because it reduces the effective water-cement ratio in concrete mix and filling the pore and void structure in concrete material. The benefits of this study could reduce the cost of concrete and recycle waste material and enhance concrete properties.

Karakteristik Beton Mutu 16,9 MPa Mengunakan 1% Kawat Bendrat dengan Variasi Panjang

The research aimed to determine the characteristics of the 16.9 MPa, using steel fibers (bendrat wire) with lenght variations in the concrete mixture 1% by volume-weight of the concrete. This research is an explanatory research with research questions are: how significant is the difference, and what are the characteristics. The total population of each treatment is 12 specimens with a sample of 5 specimens for compressive strength and 4 specimens for split tensile strength for each given treatment which is a random sample, specifically: A (reference concrete); B, C, D, and E for concrete with length variation an expressed as L/D fiber ratio of 50; 62.5; 75 and 87.5. The concrete material meets the standard. At the level of significance 0,05 indicates that the test data are normal distribution and uniform and the characteristics of concrete between reference concrete and concrete fiber different variance values. The unit weight between the reference concrete and the fiber concrete is slightly identical. The slump value decreases with increasing L/D fiber ratio. The concrete characteristics increase up to an L/D fiber ratio of 75. It generates a compressive strength of 19.47% of the design and 16.60% of the reference concrete (17,316 MPa). The split tensile strength is 2,753 MPa (22.29% higher than the design 2,251 MPa) and 18.83% of the reference concrete (2,317 MPa). The flexural strength was 3.638 MPa (18.01% of the 3.083 MPa design) and 1.97% of the reference concrete (3.144 MPa).

Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Panels under Surface Pressure

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the importance of the affecting parameters on the pressure–displacement relationship of steel fiber reinforced concrete panels. Among these parameters, panel thickness, panel dimensions, material type, and boundary conditions of the panels are the parameters that were examined. In this context, the effects of surface pressure on the steel fiber reinforced concrete panels were investigated. It was observed that as the thickness and the fiber ratio increased, the ultimate bearing capacity increased. It was determined that it may not be enough to support the panels only at the corner points, and intermediate supports are needed. As the support spacing decreased, the absorbed surface pressure increased. In addition, it was concluded that the increase in the amount of steel fiber in the concrete material increased the strength, deflection, and ductility values.

Effects of Disparate Zones of Sand on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

Compressive strength of concrete is the capacity of concrete to bear loads of materials or structure sans breaking or being deformed. Specimen under compression shrinks in size whilst under tension the size elongates. Compressive strength essentially gives concept about the properties of concrete. Compressive strength relies on many aspects such as water-cement ratio, strength of cement, calidad of concrete material. Specimens are tested by compression testing machine after the span of 7 or 28 days of curing. Compressive strength of the concrete is designated by the load on the area of specimen. In this research various proportions of such aggregate mixed in preparing M 30 grade and M 40 grade of Concrete mix and the effect is studied on its compressive strength . Several research papers have been assessed to analyze the compressive strength of concrete and the effect of different zones of sand on compressive strength are discussed in this paper. Keywords: Sand, Gradation, Coarse aggregate, Compressive strength

Testing of Nutmeg Shell as a Normal Concrete Material in Terms of Volume Weight and Compressive Strength Value

Normal concrete uses fine aggregate and coarse aggregate with concrete density 2200 kg/m3-2400 kg/m3 with a compressive strength of about 15-40 MPa [1]. The purpose of this study is to determine characteristics of the concrete aggregate and the compressive strength of the concrete design based on the DOE (Department of Environment) method and the SNI Standard. In this research, the use of nugmet shell was varied as follows: 0%, 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% and 1% of the cement weight. The results showed that the use of nutmeg shells as a normal concrete affected the specific gravity and the value compressive strength of concrete. The higher the percentage of nutmeg shells, the lower the specific gravity and compressive strength of the concrete. The average value of density to nutmeg shell concrete (NSC) 2254.72 (kg/m3) and normal concrete 2304.32 (kg/m3). The compressive strength of normal concrete is 224.2 kg/cm2 and the nutmeg shell concrete (NSC) the composition of 0.25% and 0.5% obtained by 129.6 kg/cm2 and 140.0 kg/cm2 increases the use of nutmeg shell 0.75% and 1% obtained value ​​of 117.6 kg/cm2 and 118.1 kg/cm2 decreased at the age of 28 days. The compressive strength of normal concrete 22 MPa while the maximum nutmeg shell concrete (NSC) 14 MPa, so it does not meet the quality of normal concrete in general.

LAB-SCALE EXPERIMENTS FOR SOIL CEMENTING THROUGH BIO-CHEMICAL PROCESS

Ureolytic bacteria strains of Bacillus show its ability of calcium carbonate precipitation through metabolic activity. Different studies related to self-healing concrete material were reported associated with the generated calcium carbonate of Bacillus subtilis HU58 metabolism in recent communications. In this paper, recent findings of soil cementing with a combination of such precipitated products were presented. The experiments relied on the lab-scale studies with the use of sand-clay mixture as the controlled soil specimens. Bacillus bacteria and nutrients were mixed to introduce in the sand matrix and then curing in high moisture condition. The composition and morphology of soil specimens were characterized after solidifying by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Water percolation and mechanical stability for the physicomechanical properties were also tested with the unconventional method. Discussing the relevant results can help to figure out the next experiments in the field of geotechnical engineering. From the perspective of this study, the sustainability factor should be considered to apply this promising technique for soil stabilization and improvement and/or for the formulation of bio-brick as an alternative to sintered clay-based brick. From the perspective of this study, this technique for soil stabilization and improvement and/or for the formulation of bio-brick can be considered a promising sustainable alternative to sintered clay-based brick.

Analysis of The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Based on Fly Ash and Palm Oil Clinkers

Concrete is the result of a mixture of cement, aggregate and water. Under certain conditions, the concrete mixture can be added with additives and admixture to get the concrete as needed. Cement is the most important material in the manufacture of conventional concrete. When cement is produced, the same amount of CO2 will also be generated as a side effect and pollute the atmosphere. Fly ash as an alternative to cement will be introduced as an alternative concrete material to reduce the use of cement in the concrete mix. In addition to the use of charcoal fly ash as a partial substitute for cement, this study also uses palm oil clinkers as a substitute for fine aggregate as much as 20%. This replacement material is an industrial waste which has the main content of silica and alumina which is similar to the main material for forming concrete. In addition, the use of these two materials also aims to reduce the exploration of the use of natural materials. This research introduces 3 kinds of concrete composition. The grouping is based on the ratio of fly ash and cement used, namely (60%:40%), (70%:30%) and (80%:20%). The test object used is a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. Tests were carried out at the age of 28 days of concrete. The compressive strength test showed that the best concrete was produced from the combination of the addition of 60% fly ash of coal aged 28 days, which was 4.21 MPa.