Artistic license: Celebrating the talents of students and educators

This monthly column features a pencil drawing of a broken figurine by student Claire Cathers and a mixed media image of an egg by teacher Robert E. Duncan.

The Door of the Tomb of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi and the Lost Door Knockers

Valuable artifacts from the Amir Temir period in the mausoleum of Khoja AkhmetYassawi are as valuable as the names of the masters who made them, the identity of the customer inthe person of Amir Temir and the date of their creation. The article analyzes one of such uniqueworks – the door of the tomb of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi and its door knockers. In addition toexcerpts from the inscriptions on the doors and frames of the tomb and translations of hadith andwords of wisdom, the general characteristics of the tomb door are examined.Along with articles about the lost door knockers on the cemetery doors, images of doorknockers stored in the Hermitage and the inscriptions on them are analyzed. Researches of scientistson inscriptions in door knockers are compared and analyzed. The authors pay attention to the factthat the inscriptions on the door knockers and portal doors of the mausoleum are the same.Gurkhana door knockers in research are given under various names, the word door knockers aretaken conditionally. B. Tuyakbayeva, M. Tuyakbaev, A. Ivanov in their scientific works use theterm “Balgasha” (hammer), A. Muminov, M. Kozha write “Tokyldaksha” (knocker) in theirarticles, Mirzhakyp Dulatov took the word “bolat tutka” (steel handle), the authors of the book“Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi” used the term “Alka” (medallion).In addition to V.I. Kesaev's photograph and A. Gurzhienko's pencil drawing, which in 1959claimed that the lost hammer was preserved, images of lost door knockers from found works,scientific reports of 1947, 1949 are also described. The article offers a number of proposals and apeculiar concept.

Evaluation of Digital Drawing Tests and Paper-and-Pencil Drawing Tests for the Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Studies

Digital drawing tests have been proposed for cognitive screening over the past decade. However, the diagnostic performance is still to clarify. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance among different types of digital and paper-and-pencil drawing tests in the screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Diagnostic studies evaluating digital or paper-and-pencil drawing tests for the screening of MCI or dementia were identified from OVID databases, included Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies evaluated any type of drawing tests for the screening of MCI or dementia and compared with healthy controls. This study was performed according to PRISMA and the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. A bivariate random-effects model was used to compare the diagnostic performance of these drawing tests and presented with a summary receiver-operating characteristic curve. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of clock drawing test (CDT). Other types of drawing tests were the secondary outcomes. A total of 90 studies with 22,567 participants were included. In the screening of MCI, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the digital CDT was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.75 to 0.92) and 0.92 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.98), respectively. For the paper-and-pencil CDT, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of brief scoring method was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.49 to 0.75) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.84), and detailed scoring method was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.56 to 0.71) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.78). In the screening of dementia, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the digital CDT was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.72 to 0.90) and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.92). The performances of the digital and paper-and-pencil pentagon drawing tests were comparable in the screening of dementia. The digital CDT demonstrated better diagnostic performance than paper-and-pencil CDT for MCI. Other types of digital drawing tests showed comparable performance with paper-and-pencil formats. Therefore, digital drawing tests can be used as an alternative tool for the screening of MCI and dementia.

THE AESTHETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DRAWINGS ON LOCATION AND WATERCOLORS BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF DAGESTAN GRAPHICS OF THE 1960s

The article analyses works on location in the heritage of Dagestan masters of fine art. The article reveals the ideological, substantive and aesthetic significance of pencil drawing on location and other types of graphics. Examples of works by famous artists of the 1960s, which differ in brightness and novelty of execution, are giv-en.

Automated scoring for a Tablet-based Rey Figure copy task differentiates constructional, organisational, and motor abilities

Accuracy in copying a figure is one of the most sensitive measures of visuo-constructional ability. However, drawing tasks also involve other cognitive and motor abilities, which may influence the final graphic produced. Nevertheless, these aspects are not taken into account in conventional scoring methodologies. In this study, we have implemented a novel Tablet-based assessment, acquiring data and information for the entire execution of the Rey Complex Figure copy task (T-RCF). This system extracts 12 indices capturing various dimensions of drawing abilities. We have also analysed the structure of relationships between these indices and provided insights into the constructs that they capture. 102 healthy adults completed the T-RCF. A subgroup of 35 participants also completed a paper-and-pencil drawing battery from which constructional, procedural, and motor measures were obtained. Principal component analysis of the T-RCF indices was performed, identifying spatial, procedural and kinematic components as distinct dimensions of drawing execution. Accordingly, a composite score for each dimension was determined. Correlational analyses provided indications of their validity by showing that spatial, procedural, and kinematic scores were associated with constructional, organisational and motor measures of drawing, respectively. Importantly, final copy accuracy was found to be associated with all of these aspects of drawing. In conclusion, copying complex figures entails an interplay of multiple functions. T-RCF provides a unique opportunity to analyse the entire drawing process and to extract scores for three critical dimensions of drawing execution.

Teaching to draw a nude male body from the front with a pencil drawing

At present, research is underway to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for teaching the science of calligraphy, a new scientifically based way, form, content and methods, and it is a topical issue. The process of drawing a human body is done step by step. Of course, academic drawing operations are used. It is revealed through the transition from simple to complex.