Revisiting the Public Administration Education

Political and economic developments in the 20th century affected the forms and preferences of public service delivery. In addition, the increasing demands and expectations of citizens, the development in information and communication technologies and, finally, international crises, and in particular, COVID-19 pandemic lead to differences on the idea of public administration (PA) discipline and education. South Korea has become one of the prominent countries in the field of PA with its great transformation and change in the historical process. The foremost aim of this study is to scrutinize the PA of South Korea, which has successes in many policy areas in the past 50 years, from the perspective of education and discipline development. To this end, the emergence and the development of the discipline and education of PA in South Korea will be discussed. In addition, the discipline of PA in South Korea will be examined in terms of internationalization and global engagement. Finally, policy recommendations regarding the South Korean PA education and discipline will be presented.

An Alternative to Socio-Economic Injustice

Individuals have responded with a variety of responses to crises such as war, natural disasters, famine, and pandemics. These are times when people have pulled together to overcome these challenges, or sometimes have divided themselves ideologically, politically, and behaviorally. This chapter addresses some of those characteristics within the United States affecting national and global relationships in the 21st century. The authors support the perception that there is a need for behavioral and cultural change—caring. Specifically, the authors propose an alternative paradigm: the development and sustainability of a “culture of care” as an interdisciplinary approach for national behaviors and international collaboration. The work of two American scholars, Nel Noddings and Jean Watson, center on the importance of the philosophy of care, caring theory, and practice in education and nursing. Going forward to more international crises such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and poverty and hunger, the authors look to a more equitable and collaborative means to address these problems.

Semantic Analysis of Using X-Phemistic Expressions in Saudi Health Minister Speeches during Covid-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declares Covid-19 disease as global pandemic. Accordingly, the style of linguistic or verbal communication between governments and nations has been highly affected. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate resources where X-phemistic expressions come as characteristics of the speeches of Saudi Health Minister during Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, it examines how Warren's euphemistic strategies (1992) have appeared in the minister’s speeches. The collected data are the eight speeches delivered by Saudi Minister of Health during Covid-19 pandemic. They are analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis (TA) approach. The results show that Saudi Health Minister manages to deliver the massages about Covid-19 crisis through applying variety of linguistic devices which sound to be euphemistic, dysphemistic, and orthophemistic representations of the pandemic. The employment of each X-phemisms choice is mainly occurred within certain thematic fields. Euphemism is used in presenting unpleasant massages, naming the health crisis, and comforting the public. Dysphemism is applied in one specific theme of describing the virus. Orthophemisms is found in themes of declaring facts about the pandemic, warning the public, and requesting to follow instructions. It is also found that implication, reversal, particularization, metonymy, and metaphors are the most frequently used euphemistic strategies among Warren model (1992). This analysis contributes to the limited examination of pandemic discourse by understanding how X-phemistic expressions and euphemistic strategies are used by Arabic speakers during international crises like Covid-19.

International crisis in the midst of civil war

This article examines the nexus between international crises and civil wars. Based on the premise that not all simultaneous civil and international conflicts are related, the study aims to explore the circumstances in which civil wars affect violent escalation in international crises. The study identifies ‘composite’ crises – where the civil war is the core issue of the international dispute – as a unique subset of international crises. These crises are distinguished from ‘unrelated-civil war’ situations, in which the issues in the internal and international conflicts are separate. Using data from the ICB, COW, and UCDP/PRIO datasets, the article tests a dual-conflict argument, positing that interconnected issues and interactions between actors in composite situations inhibit moderate crisis management and aggravate interstate behavior. The findings show that while civil war in composite situations has a negative impact on crisis escalation, unrelated-civil war has an inverse impact on interstate relations in crisis.

Are You Experienced? US Ambassadors and International Crises, 1946–2014

How important are ambassadors in international politics? While a growing body of research stresses the importance of diplomacy in international politics, it remains unclear if individual ambassadors make a significant difference or what attributes make for an effective ambassador. This paper explores these questions through a systematic analysis of 2,730 US ambassadors between 1946 and 2014. The United States is distinctive in that it sends a sizable number of noncareer political appointees to serve as ambassadors. This provides a unique opportunity to examine how an ambassador's experience shapes where they are placed and how they perform. Using various techniques to address selection effects, including matching, I find that the United States is less likely to experience a militarized dispute with a host nation when it is represented by a political ambassador. Moreover, political ambassadors with professional experience in politics or the military, those who are close to the president, and those who are appointed in permissive congressional environments are less likely to experience militarized disputes during their tenure. Individual ambassadors matter, but diplomatic experience alone is not the only attribute that makes for an effective ambassador.

Civilian CSPD Missions as European Union's Response to International Crises: Selected Aspects of Crisis Management

This article provides an overview of EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions’ crisis management achievements and challenges since 2003, in connection with the European External Action Service (EEAS), the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Directorate, and their respective roles. The analysis describes and evaluates the changes in the overall political and security context and the EU’s approach, suggesting some of the consequences in the launch and implementation of civilian CSDP Missions. The article also discusses the evolution of the EU’s integrated approach to external conflict and crises, and its cooperation with other security actors. The concluding remarks compare achievements and shortcomings of ongoing missions against their mandates and objectives, outlining some selected EU initiatives which aim at improving the EU’s performance in crisis management situations.

Globalization and Austerity: Flipping Partisan Effects on Fiscal Policy During (Recent) International Crises

This article investigates the effect of government partisanship on fiscal policy outputs during the three international economic crises of 1981–1984, 1990–1994 and 2008–2013. Encompassing 19–23 advanced democracies, the statistical analysis suggests that partisan effects have increased over time and are characterized, in the two last crises, by a “new asymmetry” whereby left governments pursued more contractionary fiscal policies than non-left governments over the course of the business cycle. Furthermore, it attributes left governments’ endorsement of austere fiscal policies to the constraining effects of financial markets in the context of high/surging debt. This is supported by qualitative analysis of select government responses to the Global Financial Crisis, shedding new light on the new austerity that started in the early 2010s. The ideological mix with political partisanship during hard times surely is confusing to ordinary citizens. The article cautiously points to a neglected yet important international economic origin of our political discontents.

Assessment of the risk of foreign divestment in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic

The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the economic development of Poland cannot be overestimated, both at the regional level and in relation to the economy as a whole. Since FDIs are powered by capital sensitive to various national and international crises, it seems natural to ask whether the situation connected with the global COVID-19 pandemic is reflected in the reduction of FDI inflows to Poland. The aim of the paper is to identify the determinants of the foreign divestment process in the Polish economy as a whole and in its main sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyses scenarios of foreign divestment in Poland in an annual perspective, starting from the outbreak of the epidemic in March 2020 up to February 2021. The study used data from a survey conducted in April and May 2020 among nearly 500 enterprises realising FDI in Poland. The benchmark for the surveyed companies was the level of their involvement in FDIs covering a one-year period prior to the announcement of the epidemic. The application of logit models allowed the identification of the most important factors of foreign divestment during COVID-19, including the location of FDIs in the services sector, industry, the IT sector, increased market openness and interactions of variables taking into account the restrictions introduced to the economy due to the pandemic. The level of risk of divestment of these variables depends, however, on the volume of FDI reductions declared by investors and on the sector of the economy. If considerable divestment is assumed, FDIs in the services sector are then burdened with a higher risk of divestment than FDIs in the processing industry. Assuming small divestments, FDIs in the IT sector constitute a factor bearing the greatest risk of FDI reduction in the entire economy.

Whose lives are important?: A media analysis of the 2010 Haiti and Pakistan disasters

In 2010, Haiti and Pakistan experienced immense suffering, death and destruction as these countries faced two of the world’s greatest humanitarian crises. The earthquake in Haiti was very well reported. Celebrities, organizations and individuals recognized the need for help and contributed generously to various relief foundations. Unlike the attention Haiti received, the flood in Pakistan received far less media coverage. The lack of media attention in Pakistan arguably limited the public’s awareness of the flood and reduced the perception of urgency and need for humanitarian support (Winthrop, 2010). This MRP focuses on the news media in the service of reporting on international crises and investigates how the media takes an ideological position when reporting and presenting events to its audience. In this paper, I demonstrate how reporting in a major Canadian newspaper becomes an exercise in ideological power and influences audiences (Fairclough, 2001).