Kajian Karakteristik Volume Konsumsi Gas Bumi Pelanggan Rumah Tangga Jaringan Gas Kota Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat

Kajian ini memberikan gambaran umum volume konsumsi gas bumi pelanggan Rumah Tangga (RT) Kabupaten Bekasi meliputi tren, karakteristik, dan klasifikasi volume konsumsi gas bumi pelanggan RT secara temporal yang berguna sebagai salah satu parameter pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan jaringan Gas Kota Kabupaten Bekasi. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode statistik deskriptif dimana data yang digunakan meliputi volume konsumsi gas bumi bulanan pelanggan RT Kabupaten Bekasi periode 2017-2020. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa sepanjang periode kajian, volume konsumsi minimum gas bumi pelanggan RT sebesar 0 m3/bulan, volume konsumsi maksimum berkisar 48-50 m3/bulan, dan volume konsumsi rata-rata berkisar 7-13 m3/bulan. Karakteristik volume konsumsi gas bumi pelanggan RT diketahui 33,53% merupakan pelanggan RT dengan volume konsumsi gas bumi minimum per bulan (0-4 m3/bulan), sedangkan 66,47% lainnya merupakan pelanggan RT dengan volume konsumsi gas bumi di atasnya (5-50 m3/bulan). Klasifikasi volume konsumsi gas bumi bulanan pelanggan RT menggunakan rumus equal interval didapatkan 3 kategori volume yaitu volume rendah (20.686-26.110 m3/bulan), volume sedang (26.111-31.535 m3/bulan), dan volume tinggi (31.536-36.960 m3/bulan).

Influences of Roughness Sampling Interval and Anisotropy on Shear Failure Mechanism of Rock Joint Surface

Roughness is an important factor affecting the engineering stability of jointed rock masses. The existing roughness evaluation methods are all based on a uniform sampling interval, which changes the geometrical morphology of the original profile and inevitably ignores the influence of secondary fluctuations on the roughness. Based on the point cloud data obtained by 3D laser scanning, a non-equal interval sampling method and an equation for determining the sampling frequency on the roughness profile are proposed. The results show that the non-equal interval sampling method can successfully maintain the morphological characteristics of the original profile and reduce the data processing cost. Additionally, direct shear tests under constant normal load (CNL) conditions are carried out to study the influence of roughness anisotropy on the shear failure mechanism of joint surfaces. It is found that with the increase in shear displacement, the variations in the shear stress are related to the failure mechanisms of dilatancy and shear fracture of the joint. Finally, the distributions of shear stress, dilatancy and fracture areas on the rough joint in different shear directions are calculated theoretically. Results show that the anisotropy and failure mechanism of rough joint can be well characterized by the modified root mean square parameter Z2′.

LDM-Ex-FDM: A Novel Multi-Service Transmission Scheme for the ATSC 3.0 System

In order to improve system coverage performance, in this paper, a multi-service transmission scheme on the basis of the puncturing technique, namely layered division multiplexing extension frequency-division multiplexing (LDM-Ex-FDM), is proposed. The key idea of the proposed scheme is that the symbols punctured from the enhanced layer (EL) of fixed services will be independently transmitted on a certain number of subcarriers orthogonal to the LDM signal of the core layer (CL) and most of the EL. By doing so, the punctured symbols will be demodulated with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the receiver side and can be recovered well, thus improving the reception performance of the EL fixed services. Moreover, two puncturing strategies based on bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) symbols of the LDM-Ex-FDM scheme, namely equal interval symbol puncturing (EISP) and non-equal interval symbol puncturing (NEISP), are developed to improve the performance of the EL services. Simulation results are given to show that, when the puncturing rate in the LDM-Ex-FDM scheme is configured as 1/12, the performance of the fixed service can be improved by 1.8 dB, meanwhile the bit error rate (BER) performance of the mobile service is not affected. Thus, the overall system coverage performance can be improved. Furthermore, to reduce the computational complexity and the demodulation delay of fixed service carried in the EL, at the receiver, a direct interference cancellation (DIC) detector is proposed as well. Simulation results are given to show that, under high injection level and high modulation order, the proposed DIC scheme is able to achieve almost the same BER performance as that of the traditional successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme while with lower computational complexity.

Three Alternatives for Graphing Behavioral Data: A Comparison of Usability and Acceptability

Making treatment decisions based upon graphed data is important in helping professions. A small amount of research has compared usability between equal-interval and semi-log graphs, but no prior studies have compared different types of semi-log graphs. Using a randomized, cross-over, experimental design with 72 participants, this study examined the relative usability and acceptability of three types of graphs: Regular (equal-interval), Standard Celeration Chart (SCC; semi-log), and Standard Behavior Graph (SBG; semi-log). All participants used each graph across three usability tasks (Plotting Data, Writing Values, and Interpreting Trends). For the Plotting and Writing tasks, the equal-interval graph produced the greatest rate of correct responses. However, for the Interpreting task the SBG produced the greatest rate of corrects, while the equal-interval graph produced the smallest rate. User acceptability mainly favored the equal-interval and SBG graphs. Study findings and implications are discussed with respect to graph usability and acceptability during day-to-day practice.