Pyrolysis of Waste Polyolefin’s and E-component to Produce Renewable Green Fuel (RGF) Over CdCO3

The interest and relevance of the present paper is in the current waste plastics valorization scenario. The rapid depletion of fossil sources carbon as crude oil and their ever-increasing costs has led to an intensive search for alternative fuels. The renewable green fuel (RGF) or alternative fuel was obtained from waste low and high-density polyethylene (LD-PE, HD-PE) or polyolefin’s and computer-body through pyrolysis process using a CdCO3 from 23 °C to 400 °C. Five types of hydrocarbons were observed through 2D GCxGC/TOFMS, such as 7.621 % paraffin’s, 53.66 % branched / cyclic hydrocarbons, 14.83 % aromatics, 0.37 % phenanthrenes, and some unclassified compounds were 27.11 %. The research octane number of RGF was 88.29. The bromine number of RGF is 34.03 %. RGF was suitable for diesel engines and diesel furnaces without any upgrading. During the first, second and third pyrolysis experiments, 98 g, 95 g and 100 g (wt %) waste granules with 2 g, 5 g and 0 g (wt %) CdCO3 into RGFs were 85 %, 89 % and 80 % collected; uncondensed gases were 14.22 %, 10.15 % and 19.52 % collected; the residue were 0.78 %, 0.85 % and 0.48 % collected.

HYDROGENATION OF BENZENE IN BATCH REACTOR

In this article is considered hydrogenation of benzene in liquid phase at presence rhodium support catalyst.where as carrieris usedpillar structural montmorillonite obtaining from bentonite clay..The degree of using an internal surface of porous system is depended.of the size particles.Increase the concentration of chromium above 20 mmole per gram of clay does not lead to the further growth of distance. It is probably connected by that in a solution there are not hydrolized forms of chromium chloride which do not influence formation pillar structures. Modifying montmorillonite minerals containing in bentonite clay gives to them heat resistance. The specific surface of samples(containing 15-30 mmole Cr3+) were defined after heat treatment at 180°C are 240-260 m2 /g and increasing the temperature up to 500-560°C decreases this value insignificant to 220-240 м2 /г, accordingly. Not modified bentonite clay lost their porosity at 140°C, and a specific surface made 20 m2 /g. Besides reaction of hydro-dehydrogenation of cyclic hydrocarbons a huge interest are represented in hydrogen technology. Everyone mole of benzene and its derivatives attaching of three and more quantities of hydrogen, and are unique objects at storages and transportation of hydrogen. Thereby, necessity to develop of catalysts of hydro-dehyrogenation also follows under rather soft conditions. developed rhodium support catalyst for hydrogenation of benzene and defined the factor of efficiency using the internal surface of porosity systems. Presence of water in hydrogenated system leads to phasic course of restoration of benzene on a surface of the catalyst with formation cyclohexane and cyclohexene. The received experimental results expand a circle of data in the field of hydrodearomatization motor fuels, especially transformations of aromatic hydrocarbons cycloalkans

Forensic tracers of exposure to produced water in freshwater mussels: a preliminary assessment of Ba, Sr, and cyclic hydrocarbons

Hydraulic fracturing is often criticized due in part to the potential degradation of ground and surface water quality by high-salinity produced water generated during well stimulation and production. This preliminary study evaluated the response of the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, after exposure to produced water. A limited number of adult mussels were grown over an 8-week period in tanks dosed with produced water collected from a hydraulically fractured well. The fatty tissue and carbonate shells were assessed for accumulation of both inorganic and organic pollutants. Ba, Sr, and cyclic hydrocarbons indicated the potential to accumulate in the soft tissue of freshwater mussels following exposure to diluted oil and gas produced water. Exposed mussels showed accumulation of Ba in the soft tissue several hundred times above background water concentrations and increased concentrations of Sr. Cyclic hydrocarbons were detected in dosed mussels and principle component analysis of gas chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometer results could be a novel tool to help identify areas where aquatic organisms are impacted by oil and gas produced water, but larger studies with greater replication are necessary to confirm these results.