Invariant vector means and complementability of Banach spaces in their second duals

Let X be a Banach space. Fix a torsion-free commutative and cancellative semigroup S whose torsion-free rank is the same as the density of $$X^{**}$$ X ∗ ∗ . We then show that X is complemented in $$X^{**}$$ X ∗ ∗ if and only if there exists an invariant mean $$M:\ell _\infty (S,X)\rightarrow X$$ M : ℓ ∞ ( S , X ) → X . This improves upon previous results due to Bustos Domecq (J Math Anal Appl 275(2):512–520, 2002), Kania (J Math Anal Appl 445:797–802, 2017), Goucher and Kania (Studia Math 260:91–101, 2021).

A short proof that ℬ(L1) is not amenable

Non-amenability of ${\mathcal {B}}(E)$ has been surprisingly difficult to prove for the classical Banach spaces, but is now known for E = ℓ p and E = L p for all 1 ⩽ p < ∞. However, the arguments are rather indirect: the proof for L1 goes via non-amenability of $\ell ^\infty ({\mathcal {K}}(\ell _1))$ and a transference principle developed by Daws and Runde (Studia Math., 2010). In this note, we provide a short proof that ${\mathcal {B}}(L_1)$ and some of its subalgebras are non-amenable, which completely bypasses all of this machinery. Our approach is based on classical properties of the ideal of representable operators on L1, and shows that ${\mathcal {B}}(L_1)$ is not even approximately amenable.

Equivalence of the existence of best proximity points and best proximity pairs for cyclic and noncyclic nonexpansive mappings

In this study, at first we prove that the existence of best proximity points for cyclic nonexpansive mappings is equivalent to the existence of best proximity pairs for noncyclic nonexpansive mappings in the setting of strictly convex Banach spaces by using the projection operator. In this way, we conclude that the main result of the paper [Proximal normal structure and nonexpansive mappings, Studia Math. 171 (2005), 283–293] immediately follows. We then discuss the convergence of best proximity pairs for noncyclic contractions by applying the convergence of iterative sequences for cyclic contractions and show that the convergence method of a recent paper [Convergence of Picard's iteration using projection algorithm for noncyclic contractions, Indag. Math. 30 (2019), no. 1, 227–239] is obtained exactly from Picard’s iteration sequence.

A note on the strong summability of two-dimensional Walsh–Fourier series

In this paper, we investigate the strong summability of two-dimensional Walsh–Fourier series obtained in [F. Weisz, Strong convergence theorems for two-parameter Walsh–Fourier and trigonometric-Fourier series, Studia Math. 117 1996, 2, 173–194] (see Theorem W) and prove the sharpness of this result.

Weakly divergent partial quotients

We study the real numbers with partial quotients diverging to infinity in a subsequence. We show that if the subsequence has positive density then such sets have Hausdorff dimension equal to 1/2. This generalizes one of the results obtained in [C. Y. Cao, B. W. Wang and J. Wu, The growth speed of digits in infinite iterated function systems, Studia. Math. 217(2) (2013) 139–158; I. J. Good, The fractional dimensional theory of continued fractions, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 37 (1941) 199–228].

Point derivations and cohomologies of Lipschitz algebras

For a compact metric space (K, d), LipK denotes the Banach algebra of all complex-valued Lipschitz functions on (K, d). We show that the continuous Hochschild cohomology Hn(LipK, (LipK)*) and Hn(LipK, ℂe) are both infinite-dimensional vector spaces for each n ≥ 1 if the space K contains a certain infinite sequence which converges to a point e ∈ K. Here (LipK)* is the dual module of LipK and ℂe denotes the complex numbers with a LipK-bimodule structure defined by evaluations of LipK-functions at e. Examples of such metric spaces include all compact Riemannian manifolds, compact geodesic metric spaces and infinite compact subsets of ℝ. In particular, the (small) global homological dimension of LipK is infinite for every such space. Our proof uses the description of point derivations by Sherbert [‘The structure of ideals and point derivations in Banach algebras of Lipschitz functions’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.111 (1964), 240–272] and directly constructs non-trivial cocycles with the help of alternating cocycles of Johnson [‘Higher-dimensional weak amenability’, Studia Math.123 (1997), 117–134]. An alternating construction of cocycles on the basis of the idea of Kleshchev [‘Homological dimension of Banach algebras of smooth functions is equal to infinity’, Vest. Math. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 1. Mat. Mech.6 (1988), 57–60] is also discussed.

BIDUAL OCTAHEDRAL RENORMINGS AND STRONG REGULARITY IN BANACH SPACES

We prove that every separable Banach space containing an isomorphic copy of $\ell _{1}$ can be equivalently renormed so that the new bidual norm is octahedral. This answers, in the separable case, a question in Godefroy [Metric characterization of first Baire class linear forms and octahedral norms, Studia Math. 95 (1989), 1–15]. As a direct consequence, we obtain that every dual Banach space, with a separable predual and failing to be strongly regular, can be equivalently renormed with a dual norm to satisfy the strong diameter two property.