Parallel sample processing using dispersive INtip micro-purification on programmable multichannel pipettes

Automation gives researchers the ability to process and screen orders of magnitude higher numbers of samples than manual experimentation. Current biomacromolecule separation methodologies suffer from necessary manual intervention, making their translation to high-throughput automation difficult. Herein, we present the first characterization of biomacromolecule affinity purification via dispersive solid-phase extraction in a pipette tip (INtip). We use commercially available resin and compare efficiency with batch and spin column methodologies. Moreover, we measure the kinetics of binding and evaluate resin binding capacities. INtip technology is effective on, and scalable for, an automated platform (INTEGRA ASSIST). The results suggest that high-throughput biomolecular workflows will benefit from the integration of INtip separations.

X-Ray Diffraction Tomography Recovery of the 3D Displacement-Field Function of the Coulomb-Type Point Defect in a Crystal

A successive approach to the solution of the inverse problem of the X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) is proposed. It is based on the semi-kinematical solution of the dynamical Takagi–Taupin equations for the σ-polarized diffracted wave amplitude. Theoretically, the case of the Coulomb-type point defect in a single crystal Si(111) under the exact conditions of the symmetric Laue diffraction for a set of the tilted X-ray topography 2D-images (2D projections) is considered provided that the plane-parallel sample is rotated around the diffraction vector [$$\bar{{\bf{2}}}$$ 2 ¯ 20]. The iterative simulated annealing (SA) and quasi-Newton gradient descent (qNGD) algorithm codes are used for a recovery of the 3D displacement-field function of the Coulomb-type point defect. The computer recovery data of the 3D displacement-field function related to the one XRDT 2D projection are presented. It is proved that the semi-kinematical approach to the solution of the dynamical Takagi–Taupin equations is effective for recovering the 3D displacement-field function even for the one XRDT 2D projection.

Simple Modelling to Calculate the Parasitic Components for the Materials in AC Circuit

The main goal of this work is to find a simple mathematical model to calculate parasitic components for the materials in AC circuit. There are different methods such as Delay-Time, Lissajous, Product and Curve-fitting that can be performed to study the parasitic properties. Among them, the Delay-Time method can be achieved to find the phase shift (φ) between any two different sine waves using an oscilloscope. The φ was exercised to resolve the parallel model for the examined sample in AC circuit. The phasor diagram of the parallel sample model in AC circuit was plotted. All the fundamental and derived quantities of the AC circuit can be calculated, such as the immittances, conductivity and dielectric parameters. The presented method is considered as a simple method comparing to others. Therefore, it can be replaced the others as well as it can be used from the scientists and engineers

Critical Evaluation of Isothermal Separating Anosovite (Mg0.3Ti2.7O5) Phase from Synthesized Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag by Super Gravity

Anosovite (Mg0.3Ti2.7O5) phase was successfully separated from synthesized titanium bearing blast furnace slag by super gravity. Supposing that the titanium exists in the slag in terms of TiO2, the mass fraction of TiO2 is 23.49% in the parallel sample without centrifugal separation. With the parameter of t=5min, T=1553K and the gravity coefficient ranged from 600 to 1000, the mass fraction of TiO2 in the concentrate increase from 40.17% to 58.35%, while the recovery ratio of Ti in the concentrate slightly decrease from 83.49% to 81.81%.

Flow Cytometry

Modern flow cytometers can make optical measurements of 10 or more parameters per cell at tens of thousands of cells per second and more than five orders of magnitude dynamic range. Although flow cytometry is used in most drug discovery stages, “sip-and-spit” sampling technology has restricted it to low-sample-throughput applications. The advent of HyperCyt sampling technology has recently made possible primary screening applications in which tens of thousands of compounds are analyzed per day. Target-multiplexing methodologies in combination with extended multiparameter analyses enable profiling of lead candidates early in the discovery process, when the greatest numbers of candidates are available for evaluation. The ability to sample small volumes with negligible waste reduces reagent costs, compound usage, and consumption of cells. Improved compound library formatting strategies can further extend primary screening opportunities when samples are scarce. Dozens of targets have been screened in 384- and 1536-well assay formats, predominantly in academic screening lab settings. In concert with commercial platform evolution and trending drug discovery strategies, HyperCyt-based systems are now finding their way into mainstream screening labs. Recent advances in flow-based imaging, mass spectrometry, and parallel sample processing promise dramatically expanded single-cell profiling capabilities to bolster systems-level approaches to drug discovery.

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene/RTV Silicone Rubber Composites

In this article we report the preparation of a graphene/room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber composite. Both the morphology and the properties of the composite were investigated in detail. SEM study shows that the composite has a microphase-separated structure. PDMS is the continuous phase, and the randomly distributed graphene nanosheets and a few aggregates are the dispersed phase. However, DSC curves of the composites have only one glass transition temperature (Tg). With the increases of the graphene content, Tg increases and Tm decreases. Mechanical properties tests show that the addition of graphene has a significant reinforcement effect on silicone rubber. The tensile strength is 0.37MPa with graphene mass fraction at 1.0%, which increases 76% compared with that of pure silicone rubber parallel sample.

The technique of measuring thrombin generation with fluorescent substrates: 4. The H-transform, a mathematical procedure to obtain thrombin concentrations without external calibration

SummaryIn fluorogenic thrombin generation (TG) experiments, thrombin concentrations cannot be easily calculated from the rate of the fluorescent signal increase, because the calibration coefficient increases during the experiment, due to substrate consumption and quenching of the fluorescent signal by the product. Continuous, external calibration via an in a parallel sample therefore was hitherto required for an accurate calculation of the TG curve. A technique is presented that allows mathematical transformation of experimental fluorescence intensities into “ideal” data, i.e. in the data that would have been obtained if substrate consumption and quenching by the product would not play a role. The method applies to fluorescence intensities up to 90% of the maximal fluorescent signal corresponding to total substrate conversion and thereby covers the entire region of interest encountered in practice. The first derivative of the transformed signal can then be converted into thrombin concentrations via a conventional, fixed calibration factor. This calibration factor can be obtained from a separate experiment but also by measuring the amidolytic activity of the α2macroglobulin-thrombin complex present in the reaction mixture (“serum”) after thrombin generation is over. This method halves the amount of sample required per experiment.