Retrieval of DTM under Complex Forest Stand Based on Spaceborne LiDAR Fusion Photon Correction

The new generation of satellite-borne laser radar Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data has been successfully used for ground information acquisition. However, when dealing with complex terrain and dense vegetation cover, the accuracy of the extracted understory Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is limited. Therefore, this paper proposes a photon correction data processing method based on ICESat-2 to improve the DTM inversion accuracy in complex terrain and high forest coverage areas. The correction value is first extracted based on the ALOS PALSAR DEM reference data to correct the cross-track photon data of ICESat-2. The slope filter threshold is then selected from the reference data, and the extracted possible ground photons are slope filtered to obtain accurate ground photons. Finally, the impacts of cross-track photon and slope filtering on fine ground extraction from the ICESat-2 data are discussed. The results show that the proposed photon correction and slope filtering algorithms help to improve the extraction accuracy of forest DTM in complex terrain areas. Compared with the forest DTM extracted without the photon correction and slope filtering methods, the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) are reduced by 51.90~57.82% and 49.37~53.55%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that photon correction can improve the terrain inversion ability of ICESat-2, while providing a novel method for ground extraction based on ICESat-2 data. It provides a theoretical basis for the accurate inversion of canopy parameters for ICESat-2.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Leverage Level on High Profile Industries at Indonesian Stock Exchange of 2015-2019 Period

This study aims at analyzing the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the level of use of debt on financial performance. The variables used in this study included corporate social responsibility, debt, age, size and employees. This study uses a quantitative paradigm with the least square regression panel data processing method. The population in this study is all non-financial sector companies included in the high profile industry category at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) for the 2015-2019 period. The results prove that CSR has a significant positive effect on financial performance as proxied by Tobin's Q. When a company's CSR is high, it will have a positive impact on its financial performance. Then, leverage has a negative effect on the performance because the higher the debt, the lower the company's performance.

Study of Real-road Nitrogen Oxide Emissions of Non-road Vehicles

The exhaust gas pollutants of the non-road vehicles are harmful to the environment. Many non-road vehicles meet the requirements of the regulations in the laboratory. However, the real-road emissions of such vehicles are sometimes higher. Measuring the real-road emissions of non-road vehicles is very important. The real-road emissions are measured by on-Board Diagnostics (OBD), but there are some problems in the data stability of OBD. The NOx emissions of a bulldozer (a type of China IV non-road vehicle) based on both portable emission measurement system (PEMS) and OBD are studied in this article. Experiments contained three working processes: idle, driving, and operating. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions during operating were highest. The NOx emission characteristics of the bulldozer from PEMS and OBD have the similar variation trends. But there are still some differences, including the NOx emission value and response time. The measurement principles and different sampling points between PEMS and OBD are the main factors. An effective data processing method is introduced to reduce the differences of between the data from PEMS and OBD. Briefly, the NOx emissions of the OBD and PEMS were highly consistent. The OBD is reliable and can be widely used in non-road vehicles.

Application of Sparse Representation in Bioinformatics

Inspired by L1-norm minimization methods, such as basis pursuit, compressed sensing, and Lasso feature selection, in recent years, sparse representation shows up as a novel and potent data processing method and displays powerful superiority. Researchers have not only extended the sparse representation of a signal to image presentation, but also applied the sparsity of vectors to that of matrices. Moreover, sparse representation has been applied to pattern recognition with good results. Because of its multiple advantages, such as insensitivity to noise, strong robustness, less sensitivity to selected features, and no “overfitting” phenomenon, the application of sparse representation in bioinformatics should be studied further. This article reviews the development of sparse representation, and explains its applications in bioinformatics, namely the use of low-rank representation matrices to identify and study cancer molecules, low-rank sparse representations to analyze and process gene expression profiles, and an introduction to related cancers and gene expression profile database.

Transformations of Old Believer Wedding Rites in Latvia: The Case of Latgale

The wedding2 is an integral part of family life. The ways in which it is organised can differ not only between representatives of different religious groups, but also between members of the same denomination. By applying cultural-historical, ethnographic and qualitative data processing method, the paper focuses on transformations in Old Believer wedding rites between the first half of the 20th century and the present. Analysis of interviews conducted in the south-eastern region of Latvia reveals that there have been several variations in Old Believer weddings (traditional, religious and civil) which interacted and overlapped, thus creating new hybrid forms. The transformations depended on urbanisation and economic processes, political conditions, and the development of the community in interaction with other ethnic and religious groups under conditions of globalisation.

Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan, Persepsi Kegunaan, Persepsi Keuntungan terhadap Penggunaan Nyata dengan Minat Penggunaan sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada Masyarakat Generasi X dalam Menggunakan Sistem Electronic Money DANA

This research was conducted to know the effect of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived benefit on interest in the use and its impact on real use in X generation society in using the DANA electronic money system. The research method used is quantitative research methods. The data collection method used was a questionnaire distributed to 100 DANA users who were born in generation X. The data processing method used in this study was Partial Least Square. The results showed that perceived ease of use had no effect on interest in the use and through mediation also did not affect real use decisions. Meanwhile, the perceived usefulness and benefit perception influence the use interest and through mediation also influence the real use decision. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi kegunaan dan manfaat terhadap minat pakai serta pengaruhnya terhadap penggunaan nyata pada masyarakat generasi X dalam menggunakan sistem uang elektronik DANA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 100 pengguna DANA yang lahir pada angkatan X. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kemudahan penggunaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat penggunaan dan melalui mediasi juga tidak berpengaruh pada keputusan penggunaan nyata. Sedangkan persepsi kegunaan dan manfaat mempengaruhi kepentingan penggunaan dan melalui mediasi juga mempengaruhi keputusan penggunaan yang sebenarnya.

Loading History Effect on Stress Relaxation of Rock Joints

In this study, a data analysis method for the relaxation test was proposed under step loading by conducting creep and stress relaxation tests of dentate discontinuity poured by cement mortar using biaxial creep machine under step loading and single-stage loading. First, a superposition method for the stress relaxation curve was deduced based on the data processing method of creep test by considering the effect of loading history on the relaxation curve and the characteristic of relaxation was analyzed. Second, this superposition method was verified by testing data under step loading and single-stage loading. Finally, this paper indicate the accurate way for the processing of relaxation test data under step loading. The results show that under the same stress level, the values of relaxation curve after the superposition are different from that under the single-stage loading test. Furthermore, the relaxation curves in the step loading test under different stress levels are similar to those in single-stage loading under the same stress level. Furthermore, creep deformation increase monotonically during the creep, but stress do not exhibit such a trend during relaxation, which is inconsistent with the Boltzmann superposition principle. The relaxation curve in the step loading test under different shear stress could reflect the relaxation properties of the single-stage loading test under the same shear stress, and unlike the data processing method of step loading creep test, superimposition is not needed.

Pengaruh Etika Bisnis Islam, Disiplin Kerja, dan Kompensasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di Koperasi Syari’ah 212

Islamic business ethics is a business activity carried out by a businessman and runs his business in accordance with Islamic law with the existence of Islamic business ethics, it is expected that business people will carry out in accordance with the demands of Islamic law that have been regulated in the Al-Qur’an. Discipline is an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation, obeying applicable regulations in accordance with agreements that have been mutually agreed from the start . compensation is an acceptance as reward from giving work to the recipient of work for a job or service that has been done. The purpose of this study was to determine Islamic business ethics, work discipline, and compensation have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction in sharia’ah cooperatives 212. This study uses quantitative methods. The data analysis is linear regression. The data processing method in this study used the SPSS 16 program. The sampling technique used in this study was a saturated sample technique, that is all of the population was sampled. Amounting to 35 respondents. The data retrieval used was a questionnaire or questionnaire distributed to employees of the 212 shari’ah cooperative through the google from. The results of this study indicate that Islamic business ethics has no significant effect on employee job satisfaction in sharia’ah cooperatives 212, work discipline has a significant effect on employee job statisfactionin sharia’ah cooperatives 212, and compensation has a significant effects on employee job satisfaction in cooperatives shari’ah 212 with this conclusion, Islamic business ethics, work discipline, and compensation simultaneously have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction in shari’ah 212 cooperatives.