Novel Pneumatic System for Lime Dosage in Water Treatment Application

This paper proposes a new pneumatic mechanism for lime dosage in water treatment application. Conventionally, current water treatment system technologies utilising pump system, which requires scheduling maintenance of operation to avoid choke problem due to scaling development. The choke formation depends on the lime dosage concentration, which will be based on the time of operations. Technically, the pneumatic system uses such a hydraulic mechanism consisting of fluid, especially liquid oil, to operate, requiring higher maintenance costs. Based on these arguments, this research investigates the potential of replacing the pump system with an air pneumatic system for water treatment. For that reason, this study proposed a new design of pneumatic mechanism as the alternative solution for pump system. Several analyses have been performed from fluid mechanics to study the water treatment plant flow rate that could be competitive with the conventional pump system.

LIFTING MECHANISM USING HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

The main objective is to design product which will help us to load and unload goods into the goods carrier vehicles, so to reduce the labour work and increase the efficiency we are designing a product using hydraulic mechanism.

Effect of the Diameter of Pressure-Balance Pipe on Axial Hydraulic Thrust

The axial hydraulic thrust has great influence on the safety and stability of a pump turbine. A common way to balance hydraulic thrust is to install a pressure-balance pipe, and the change in pipe diameter is one of the important factors affecting axial hydraulic thrust. In this paper, the influence of the diameter changes in a pressure-balance pipe on axial hydraulic thrust of a pump turbine, plus the seal clearance flow, is studied and analyzed under three work conditions, i.e., 100%, 75%, and 50% loads. It is found that under 100% and 75% load conditions, the axial hydraulic thrust increases vertically with the increase in pipe diameter; whereas, under 50% load condition, the axial hydraulic thrust increases first and then decreases with the increase in pipe diameter. The results aim to give guidelines for the choice of pressure-balance pipe diameters and to control the axial hydraulic thrust of a pumped-storage power station, so that the hydraulic excitation force can be better matched with the hydraulic mechanism.

Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application

The more we know about mechanisms of the human orbital blowout type of trauma, the better we will be able to prevent them in the future. As long as the buckling mechanism’s veracity is not in doubt, the hydraulic mechanism is not based on equally strong premises. To investigate the correctness of the hydraulic mechanism’s theory, two different methods of implementation of the hydraulic load to the finite element method (FEM) model of the orbit were performed. The intraorbital hydraulic pressure was introduced as a face load applied directly to the orbit in the first variant, while in the second one the load was applied to the orbit indirectly as a set of nodal forces transferred from the external surface of the eyeball via the intraorbital tissues to the orbital walls within the contact problem. Such an approach is aimed at a better understanding of the pattern for the formation of blowout fractures during the indirect load applied to the orbital bones. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of both numerical models showed that the potential fracture was observed in the second variant only, embracing a relatively large area: both medial and lower wall of the orbit. Interestingly, the pressure generated by the intraorbital entities transferred the energy of the impact to the orbital sidewalls mainly; thus, the nature of the mechanism known as the hydraulic was far from the expected hydraulic pressure. According to the eyeball’s deformation as well as the areas of the greatest Huber-Mises-Hencky (H-M-H) stress within the orbit, a new term of strut mechanism was proposed instead of the hydraulic mechanism as more realistic regarding the investigated phenomenon. The results of the current research may strongly influence the development of modern implantology as well as affect forensic medicine.

STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF PULSE HYDRAULIC MECHANISMS WITH PNEUMATIC STROKE CHAMBER

The paper briefly outlines the state of development of impulse technology. The schemes of hydraulic machines of impulse action with percussion mechanisms of the sixth and seventh classes are presented. The calculation of impulse mechanisms with a pneumatic chamber of the working stroke is given. The physical model of the drain pipeline is presented. Shown is a diagram of the forces acting on the striker during the working stroke. The dependence of the relative energy losses on the ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the working chamber and the drain pipeline is presented. Recommendations are given for the use of a pneumatic accumulator in the drain branch of the pipeline of a pulsed hydraulic mechanism with a pneumatic chamber of the working stroke

Design and Construction of an Electrically Operated Paint Mixing Machine

An electrically operated paint-mixing machine was developed. The machine consisted of a mixing drum with a capacity of 30.6 L. The test was carried out by mixing 25%, 50%, and 75% of the total mixing capacity of the machine, and the time taken for the constituents to be thoroughly mixed were recorded. The mixer member (agitator) was used to mix the paint components by the use of an electric motor. For easy mixing of denser paint components i.e. paints with high viscosity, particularly oil-based (or enamel) paint, a hydraulic lift, with a travel height (distance) of about 40 cm, was introduced to move the mixing disc vertically in the upward (up to a height of 19 cm above the drum) and downward direction (up to a height of 15 cm above the bottom of the drum) to prevent clogging of the paint components while mixing. The hydraulic mechanism also allows the operator to remove the drum after mixing as well as to install the drum in place before starting the mixing operation. The machine was powered with a 0.74 hp (550 W) electric motor, which transmitted the rotary motion of the driving component through a V-belt to the driven component which was supported with two bearings. The test results obtained from the running of the machine showed that the time taken to mix thoroughly 30.6 L of paint constituents was 102 minutes. This was done to study the reliability and the time taken to accomplish the thorough mixing of the paint components. To achieve this, the volume of paint constituents (L) ranged from 10.2 L at 35 minutes to 30.6 L at 102 minutes. This finding elucidates the ability to tackle the problems of mixing paint locally by hand and by manually operated machines, which are not only primitive but both time and energy consuming, and as well serves as an innovation in the paint industry.