Development of the pneumatic system with an annular aspiration channel for vibrating and rotation grain separator

The pneumatic system with a vertical annular aspiration channel for vibration-centered grain separators been developed. The rational values of the disk grain distributor are the length of the sectors 0.15 m, the angle of inclination of the sectors 60°. The rotation speed of the distributor in the seed mode (grain supply 5…15 t/h) should be 100…200 min-1 and in the food mode (grain supply 15…25 t/h) must be 100…150 min-1. The effect of the release of light impurities in the developed aspiration system decreases from 45% to 20% with an increase in the supply of grain G from 5 to 25 t/h, herewith at the same time the loss of a full-fledged grain to waste decreases from 0.6...0.8% to 0.3...0.4%, while the effect of the release of light impurities in the aspiration system of the mass-produced vibration centrifugal grain separator decreases from 11% to 4% with the same losses of grain to waste.

Perancangan Mesin Press Tahu Sistem Pnuematik Dengan Kapasitas 50 Kg

This pneumatic system tofu press machine is a press machine that is used to compress tofu starch with a capacity of 50 kg to make tofu that is ready to be marketed. The pneumatic system tofu press machine is made to make it easier to press tofu. Previously, tofu was pressed manually, namely by using a stone as a tofu press which resulted in the length of the tofu compaction process. Pressing with stones can also cause work accidents. This tofu press machine uses pneumatics as a punch driver which will press the tofu. The way this tofu machine works is by pressing the on button on the machine then the punch will move down towards the tofu essence and press the tofu. Punch paused for a moment to make sure the tofu blended in perfectly. Then press the off button on the machine to return the punch to its original position. This pneumatic system tofu press machine can reduce work accidents, lighten work, shorten processing time and is also more hygienic because it uses air as a punch driver.

Novel Pneumatic System for Lime Dosage in Water Treatment Application

This paper proposes a new pneumatic mechanism for lime dosage in water treatment application. Conventionally, current water treatment system technologies utilising pump system, which requires scheduling maintenance of operation to avoid choke problem due to scaling development. The choke formation depends on the lime dosage concentration, which will be based on the time of operations. Technically, the pneumatic system uses such a hydraulic mechanism consisting of fluid, especially liquid oil, to operate, requiring higher maintenance costs. Based on these arguments, this research investigates the potential of replacing the pump system with an air pneumatic system for water treatment. For that reason, this study proposed a new design of pneumatic mechanism as the alternative solution for pump system. Several analyses have been performed from fluid mechanics to study the water treatment plant flow rate that could be competitive with the conventional pump system.

Analysis and features of operation of fractional grain cleaners and secondary seed cleaning separators

To obtain high-quality grain and seeds, it is necessary to clean the combine heap of weeds. Modern air-screen grain cleaners equipped with a screen cleaning systems, flat screens and a double-aspiration pneumatic system with pre-screen and post-screen cleaning channels are used. The fractional principle of post-harvest grain processing is promising. To create a universal grain cleaning machine to isolate the main fraction from the grain heap at the first stage of post-harvest processing, Voronezh State Agar University named after Emperor Peter I carried out theoretical and experimental studies, which made it possible to develop OZF-50, OZF-80 and SVS-30 separators. The machines have higher productivity, the original sieve design with an increased share of sorting sieves and an exclusive aspiration system. A number of new technical solutions have been used in the design of the separators, protected by patents of the Russian Federation. Theoretical prerequisites established the possibility of increasing the productivity 1.6-1.8 times according to GOST R 52325-2005. The total air consumption of the pneumatic system of grain cleaning machines can be reduced by 25-40%. Further improvement of separators requires a deeper study of the grain fractionation process, aerodynamic characteristics of aspiration systems, receiving and distribution devices, and establishment of close mutually beneficial relations between scientific institutions and agricultural engineering enterprises. This can contribute to the development of both domestic agricultural science and grain cleaning equipment production.

Pneumatic positioning control system using constrained model predictive controller: Experimental repeatability test

Most of the controllers that were proposed to control the pneumatic positioning system did not consider the limitations or constraints of the system in their algorithms. Non-compliance with the prescribed system constraints may damage the pneumatic components and adversely affect its positioning accuracy, especially when the system is controlled in real-time environment. Model predictive controller (MPC) is one of the predictive controllers that is able to consider the constraint of the system in its algorithm. Therefore, constrained MPC (CMPC) was proposed in this study to improve the accuracy of pneumatic positioning system while considering the constraints of the system. The mathematical model of pneumatic system was determined by system identification technique and the control signal to the valves were considered as the constraints of the pneumatic system when developing the controller. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of CMPC, repetitive experiments on the CMPC strategy was implemented. The existing predictive controller, that was used to control the pneumatic system such as predictive functional control (PFC), was also compared. The experimental results revealed that CMPC effectively improved the position accuracy of the pneumatic system compared to PFC strategy. However, CMPC not capable to provide a fast response as PFC.

Perception by Palpation: Development and Testing of a Haptic Ferrogranular Jamming Surface

Tactile hands-only training is particularly important for medical palpation. Generally, equipment for palpation training is expensive, static, or provides too few study cases to practice on. We have therefore developed a novel haptic surface concept for palpation training, using ferrogranular jamming. The concept’s design consists of a tactile field spanning 260 x 160 mm, and uses ferromagnetic granules to alter shape, position, and hardness of palpable irregularities. Granules are enclosed in a compliant vacuum-sealed chamber connected to a pneumatic system. A variety of geometric shapes (output) can be obtained by manipulating and arranging granules with permanent magnets. The tactile hardness of the palpable output can be controlled by adjusting the chamber’s vacuum level. A psychophysical experiment (N = 28) investigated how people interact with the palpable surface and evaluated the proposed concept. Untrained participants characterized irregularities with different position, form, and hardness through palpation, and their performance was evaluated. A baseline (no irregularity) was compared to three irregularity conditions: two circular shapes with different hardness (Hard Lump and Soft Lump), and an Annulus shape. 100% of participants correctly identified an irregularity in the three irregularity conditions, whereas 78.6% correctly identified baseline. Overall agreement between participants was high (κ= 0.723). The Intersection over Union (IoU) for participants sketched outline over the actual shape was IoU Mdn = 79.3% for Soft Lump, IoU Mdn = 68.8% for Annulus, and IoU Mdn = 76.7% for Hard Lump. The distance from actual to drawn center was Mdn = 6.4 mm (Soft Lump), Mdn = 5.3 mm (Annulus), and Mdn = 7.4 mm (Hard Lump), which are small distances compared to the size of the field. The participants subjectively evaluated Soft Lump to be significantly softer than Hard Lump and Annulus. Moreover, 71% of participants thought they improved their palpation skills throughout the experiment. Together, these results show that the concept can render irregularities with different position, form, and hardness, and that users are able to locate and characterize these through palpation. Participants experienced an improvement in palpation skills throughout the experiment, which indicates the concepts feasibility as a palpation training device.