The main stages of pharmaceutical development of emulgel “Probioskin”

The aim. To conduct research on the pharmaceutical development of a complex preparation with probiotic “Probioskin” in the form of an emulgel for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases. Methods. Uniformity was determined by visual inspection of the test samples using an XSP-128 ULAB biological microscope. The study of the rheological properties of the samples was carried out using a Rheolab QC rheovisosimeter (Anton Paar, Austria) using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27 / SS. Microbiological studies and biotesting on a biological model of ciliates were carried out in aseptic conditions of a laminar box (biological safety cabinet AC2-4E1 “Esco”, Indonesia) of the Department of Biotechnology of the National University of Pharmacy (completely). Pharmacological studies (determination of the parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties on the model of acute exudative inflammation of the foot in rats caused by zymosan and carrageenan) were carried out on the basis of the Central Research Laboratory of the NUPh. Results. On the basis of the complex of the carried out studies, the composition of the complex preparation for skin use “Probioskin” was substantiated. The analysis of the microbiological purity of the developed agent during the proposed shelf life of 12 months showed that the drug meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia Monograph for cutaneous application in terms of the level of microbial contamination by foreign microflora. The complex of pharmacological studies carried out indicates that the drug “Probioskin” can be attributed to group 6 of class and classified as a “relatively harmless” agent. The study of the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug indicates that the drug exhibits moderate anti-inflammatory properties. Under the condition of zymosan inflammation, which is associated with the activation of leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators, the average antiexudative activity of the drug is 33 %. The drug has a moderate antiexudative effect under the condition of carrageenan edema, which is evidence of its effect on exudation processes mediated by prostaglandins. The mean AEA of the study drug was 24 %. Conclusions. For the development of a soft preparation for skin use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases, the following components have been selected: active – lactobacilli, dexpanthenol, lactic acid; auxiliary - propylene glycol, peach oil, polysorbate-80, aristophlex, tocopherol, the concentration of which was substantiated on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical, pharmacological, microbiological and biological studies. It has been experimentally established that the “Probioskin” emulgel meets the requirements of the SPhU in terms of the level of microbial contamination by extraneous microflora. Pharmacological studies allow the drug to be classified as “relatively harmless” with anti-inflammatory properties at a level not lower than the reference drug

Native Cyclodextrins as Complexation Agents for Pterostilbene: Complex Preparation and Characterization in Solution and in the Solid State

Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene, PTB) is a natural dietary stilbene, occurring primarily in blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood. The interest in this compound is related to its different biological and pharmacological properties, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities and its capacity to reduce and regulate cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Nevertheless, its use in therapy is hindered by its low aqueous solubility; to overcome this limitation we studied the feasibility of the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) as solubility-enhancing agents. CDs are natural macrocyclic oligomers composed of α-d-glucose units linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds to form torus-shaped molecules, responsible for inclusion complex formation with organic molecules. In particular, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of complexation between PTB and native CDs using various preparative methods. The isolated solid products were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), simultaneous thermogravimetric/DSC analysis (TGA/DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on powder and single crystals. The results indicated little or no evidence of the affinity of PTB to complex with α-CD using the kneading method. However, with β-CD and γ-CD thermal analysis revealed an interaction which was also corroborated by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. With β-CD, a hydrated complex of PTB was isolated and its characterization by single-crystal XRD revealed, for the first time, the mode of inclusion of the PTB molecule in the cavity of a CD. To complement the solid-state data, liquid-phase studies were carried out to establish the effect of CDs on the aqueous solubility of PTB and to determine the complex stoichiometries and the association constants for complex formation. Phase-solubility studies showed AL-type profiles for α- and β-CD and a BS profile for γ-CD, with K1:1 values of 1144, 4950, and 133 M−1 for α-CD·PTB, β-CD·PTB, and γ-CD·PTB, respectively. The stoichiometry of CD·PTB complexes, determined by Job’s method, revealed for each system a 1:1 molar ratio. The dissolution rate of PTB was approximately doubled just by employing simple physical mixtures, but the best performance was achieved by products obtained via kneading and co-precipitation, which effected the complete dissolution of PTB in 40 and 20 min for β-CD and γ-CD, respectively.

Enzymatic depolymerization of wheat straw polysaccharides

The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for enzymatic processing for depolymerization of polysaccharides in wheat straw to obtain the maximum yield of glucose and sorbitol. Cellulolytic enzymes endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiose (1,3-β-glucosidase) (CF 3.2.1.21) were isolated and studied in local strains Tr. viride 121, which are grown under deep cultivation conditions. A technology has been developed for obtaining a complex preparation “Cellozyme G20x” with a high yield and specific activity of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase and pectinase, and a scheme for purification from cellulases by precipitation, ultrafiltration, and freeze drying is not inferior in efficiency to commercial preparations. The physicochemical properties of the preparation “Cellozyme G20x” have been studied, the optimal parameters of the action and stability of the enzyme preparation have been established. The efficiency of Cellozyme G20x for hydrolysis of straw polysaccharides was 35-40% in terms of glucose yield.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE PREDICTORS OF VICTIM BEHAVIOR OF YOUNGER SCHOOL CHILDREN

Рассматриваются аспекты виктимного поведения младших школьников, связанные с готовностью ребенка к обучению в школе, процессом его адаптации и проявлениями состояния тревожности. Обозначены психологические основания комплексной подготовки к школе и последствия низкого уровня готовности. Описываются результаты исследования, направленного на определение взаимосвязи недостаточной готовности к школе и уровня тревожности, которые могут стать причиной проявления отклоняющегося поведения, в частности виктимности. The aspects of victim behavior of primary schoolchildren are considered, which are connected with the child's readiness to learn at school, the process of his adaptation and manifestations of the state of anxiety. The psychological foundations of complex preparation for school and the consequences of a low level of readiness are outlined. The article describes the results of a study aimed at determining the relationship between insufficient readiness for school and the level of anxiety, which can cause the manifestation of deviant behavior, in particular, victimization.

THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE FORMATION OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN WORKERS OF LOCOMOTIVE CREWS. CORRECTION METHODS

Purpose of the study: To assess the effects of magnesium deficiency on the indices of lipid metabolism in patients with an arterial hypertension locomotive crews. Purpose of the work: To assess the effect of magnesium deficiency on the pathogenesis of the formation of arterial hypertension in workers of locomotive crews. Correction methods. Materials and methods: This work presents an analysis of the results of clinical observation, special biochemical and functional studies of 136 male patients with arterial hypertension, workers of locomotive crews. Results: In workers of locomotive crews patients with hypertension, increased individual cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE scale, remodeling of the cardiovascular system, as well as the risk of developing occupational disability are interrelated with signs of magnesium deficiency. Conclusion: The inclusion of a complex preparation of magnesium and vitamin B6 in the therapy of arterial hypertension in workers of locomotive crews has a significant effect on the clinical manifestations of chronic stress, magnesium deficiency, improves the dynamics of lipid metabolism, the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system, and professionally important qualities.

SUBSTANTIATION OF COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF A COMPLEX PREPARATION AGAINST T-2 TOXIN IN in vitro EXPERIMENTS

As a stimulant (adaptogen), a unique, harmless and rich in biological composition among numerous apiproducts is considered a powder of bee dead. In this regard, the substantiation of the component composition of the developed complex prophylactic agent against T-2 toxin in in vitro experiments was carried out. That was the purpose of this work. The research work was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of mycotoxins of department of toxicology of FSBSI "Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety" (Kazan). The results of the study made it possible to determine the component composition of the complex prophylactic agent "Zeapitox" with antitoxic and immunostimulating effects. Its composition consists of zeolite – 95 % and bee dead – 5 %. The adsorption capacity of the "Zeapitox" against T-2 toxin was 66 %.

Development of a Method of Analysis of Ofloxacin in the Complex Preparation "Ofloxazol"

Introduction. The creation of new effective antibacterial drugs for the treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory diseases is an urgent task of modern pharmacy. Active use in the treatment of purulent infection is found by chemotherapeutic agents from the class of fluoroquinolones, which include ofloxacin.Aim. Development of a method for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in the complex preparation "Ofloxazol".Materials and methods. For the analysis, the substance ofloxacin, titanium-containing gel "Tizol", solutions of ofloxacin on 95 % ethanol, hydrochloric acid 0.01 mol/l, ointment under the conditional name "Ofloxazol" containing 0.5 % of the drug in the gel "Tizol" were used. The study was carried out by near-UV spectrophotometry.Results and discussion. When studying the absorption spectra, it was found that for the quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of ofloxacin, it is rational to use the wavelength range of 275-320 nm (λmax = 294 nm). Statistical processing of the analysis results showed that the relative error of quantitative determination does not exceed ±1.66 %. The sensitivity of the determination of ofloxacin is 0.245 mcg/ml at A(min) = 0.02. The developed method is validated. Its specificity, linearity, correctness and precision are confirmed. According to the calibration schedule, the content of ofloxacin in the soft dosage form is determined, it is in the range of 0.0483-0.0562 g, which corresponds to the permissible deviations.Conclusion. The conducted studies allowed us to develop and propose a method for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in the ointment "Ofloxazol", obtained on a titanium-containing basis. The method allows you to evaluate the quality of manufacturing the dosage form, including setting the content of the drug with an error that does not exceed the standard deviations.

The Role of Ultrasound in the Preparation of Zein Nanoparticles/Flaxseed Gum Complexes for the Stabilization of Pickering Emulsion

Ultrasound is one of the most commonly used methods to prepare Pickering emulsions. In the study, zein nanoparticles-flaxseed gum (ZNP-FSG) complexes were fabricated through various preparation routes. Firstly, the ZNP-FSG complexes were prepared either through direct homogenization/ultrasonication of the zein and flaxseed gum mixture or through pretreatment of zein and/or flaxseed gum solutions by ultrasonication before homogenization. The Pickering emulsions were then produced with the various ZNP-FSG complexes prepared. ZNP-FSG complexes and the final emulsions were then characterized. We found that the complex prepared by ultrasonication of zein as pretreatment followed by homogenization of the ZNP with FSG ((ZNPU-FSG)H) exhibited the smallest turbidity, highest absolute potential value, relatively small particle size, and formed the most stable complex particles. Meanwhile, complex prepared through direct ultrasonication plus homogenization on the mixture ((ZNP-FSG)HU) showed significantly decreased emulsifying properties and stability. Compared with the complex without ultrasonic treatment, the complex and emulsion, which prepared by ultrasonicated FSG were extremely unstable, and the phase separation phenomenon of the emulsion was observed 30 min after preparation. The above conclusions are also in line with the findings obtained from the properties of the corresponding emulsions, such as the droplets size, microstructure, freeze-thaw stability, and storage stability. It is, therefore, clear that to produce stable Pickering emulsion, ultrasonication should be avoided to apply together at the end of ZNP-FGS complex preparation. It is worth noticing that the emulsions prepared by complex with ultrasonicated zein (ZNPU-FSG)H are smaller, distributed more uniformly, and are able to encapsulate oil droplets well. It was found that the emulsions prepared with ZNPU-FSG remained stable without serum phase for 14 days and exhibited improved stability at low-temperature storage. The current study will provide guidance for the preparation of protein–polysaccharide complexes and Pickering emulsions for future work.

Experience of Optimization of Medical Care for Women in Menopause with Dry Eye Syndrome

Purpose. Optimization of medical care for women in menopause with dry eye syndrome from the standpoint of experimental and clinical substantiation of combined technologies. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on a group of 72 patients (144 eyes) in the postmenopausal period with dry eye syndrome. The average age of women was 54.4±3.3 years. All patients, depending on the therapy, were divided into two groups. The first group (control) consisted of 34 women (68 eyes) who received only local daily monotherapy for 20 days – instillation of low-viscosity «artificial tear» preparations HyloComod. Patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups and used a combined treatment technology. The first subgroup consisted of 21 patients (42 eyes), who, in addition to local daily therapy of the above drug, received a suis-organ complex preparation of estrogen-like orientation Ovarium compositum once every 3 months. The second subgroup included 17 patients (34 eyes) who received a treatment technology that included local daily therapy with artificial tears in combination with courses (once every 3 months) of exposure to the head area by a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field in combination with suis-organ complex preparation of estrogen-like orientation Ovarium compositum. Results. The combined treatment technology was well tolerated in all examined women. There were no complications or side effects. A significant increase in the main tear production in women of the main group made it possible to achieve a significantly more pronounced decrease in symptoms of subjective discomfort than in women in the control group. The achieved results of treatment of women in the main group persisted for 2.5–3 months, which determined the frequency of the courses of combination therapy with a frequency of twice every 6 months during the subsequent observation period. Conclusion. The course of combined therapy makes it possible to achieve significant relief of subjective manifestations of dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women. The implementation of the therapeutic effect occurs, apparently, due to the synergism of the natural factors used, which makes it possible to significantly activate the compensatory and adaptive processes in the meibomian glands. Key words: dry eye syndrome of climacteric origin, combined treatment technology, estrogen deficiency, sex hormones.