Model Types of Crowdfunding: a Comparative Analysis of the Russian and European Experience

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern European model types of crowdfunding and the Russian practice of crowdfunding. The methodological component of the work was made up of general scientific and special methods, which include statistical and comparative analysis. The purpose of this study is to compare the modern European crowdfunding market with the Russian alternative finance market. At the first stage, the process of transformation of model types of crowdfunding in the European region and the UK from 2015 to the present has been studied. At the second stage, the situation on the Russian crowdfunding market is considered. As a result of the comparison of the European and Russian alternative finance markets, the latter has revealed a huge lag in terms of the variety of model types of crowdfunding offered, available and used on the market, as well as the volume of resources attracted through crowdfunding platforms.

Methodological knowledge of mathematics as a necessary condition for the formation of professional competencies of future teachers of mathematics

The article deals with the problem of preparing a future mathematics teacher for professional activity in the conditions of digitalization. The requirements for the mathematical training of a future teacher are highlighted and one of the ways to improve mathematical and methodological competencies is proposed. The main idea of the article is to analyze and describe the experience of solving the problems of filling the content of online courses to involve students in an independent research search, the experience of correlation of methods of organizing the educational process in the conditions of offline and online student learning. The author, based on the analysis of the content of methodological knowledge in mathematics and mathematical knowledge proper, reveals the content and essence of the methodological component in the professional activity of a future mathematics teacher. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategies of organizing a course in which future mathematics teachers receive not only mathematical, but also methodological training using different.

DESIGNING A MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL COMPETENCIES AT COLLEGE STUDENTS IN PREPARING AND CONDUCTING A DEMONSTRATION EXAM ON WORLDSKILLS STANDARDS

Статья посвящена актуальной для данного этапа развития российской системы профессионального образования проблеме формирования профессиональных и личностных компетенций по стандартам WorldSkills у обучающихся профессиональных образовательных организаций, от уровня сформированности которых зависит успешность деятельности современного специалиста в профессиональной сфере. В статье представлен авторский подход к проектированию модели формирования профессиональных компетенций при подготовке и проведении демонстрационного экзамена по стандартам WorldSkills с учетом личностной составляющей обучающегося колледжа. Раскрыто содержание основных структурных компонентов модели: координационно-методический, образовательный, мотивирующий, процессуальный, результативный. Координационно-методический компонент модели включает описание процесса координации, подготовки и методического сопровождения образовательного процесса и проведения демонстрационного экзамена по стандартам WorldSkills. Образовательный компонент модели раскрывает содержание процесса организации повышения квалификации педагогических работников профессиональной образовательной организации и представителей работодателей в условиях действия стандартов WorldSkills. Мотивирующий компонент разъясняет механизм роста обучающихся и возможности мотивации дальнейшей профессиональной образованности и траектории ориентации на получение соответствующего уровня профессиональной квалификации. При описании процессуального компонента модели продемонстрированы возможности использования модульно-компетентностной образовательной технологии для её реализации. Результативный компонент модели включает критерии и диагностические методики оценки сформированности профессиональных и личностных компетенций, обеспечивающих профессиональную и социальную успешность обучающихся. Учёт и реализация выявленных организационно-педагогических условий формирования профессиональных и личностных компетенций обучающихся при подготовке и проведении демонстрационного экзамена по стандартам Worldskills будут способствовать эффективной организации практической деятельности обучающихся как работников предприятия, формированию у них практического опыта деятельности, обеспечению их признания как состоявшихся и востребованных работодателем специалистов на рынке труда. The paper discusses the formation of professional and personal competencies on WorldSkills standards at students from professional educational organizations. This subject is relevant for the current stage of development of the Russian system of professional education. The success of the modern expert’s activity in the professional sphere depends on the level of formation of these competencies. This paper presents the authors’ approach to designing a model for the formation of professional competencies when preparing and conducting a demonstration exam on WorldSkills standards, taking into account the personal component of the college student. The content of the main structural components of the model is disclosed: coordination-methodological, educational, motivating, procedural, and resulting. The coordination-methodological component of the model includes a description of the process of coordination, preparation and methodological support of the educational process and the conduct of a demonstration exam on WorldSkills standards. The educational component of the model discloses the content of the organizing advanced training of pedagogical workers of a professional educational organization and employers' representatives in the conditions of WorldSkills standards. The motivating component explains the mechanism for the growth of students and the possibilities for motivating further professional education and the trajectory of orientation towards obtaining an appropriate level of professional qualifications. When describing the procedural component of the model, the possibilities of using modular-competent educational technology for its implementation were demonstrated. The resulting component of the model includes criteria and diagnostic methods for assessing the level of formation of professional and personal competencies that ensure the professional and social success of students. The obtained results of research will contribute to the effective organization of the practical activities of students as employees of the enterprise to the formation of their practical experience in activities, and to their recognition as specialists held and demanded by the employer in the labor market.

DEVELOPMENT OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CULTURE OF FUTURE DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY

The article shows the relevance of the development of the philosophical and methodological culture of future doctors of philosophy in the context of cardinal changes in the domestic system of higher education. It is indicated that the actualization of the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities of the philosophical foundations of understanding methodological approaches in scientific research provides an increase in the level of scientific and pedagogical activity of teachers. A philosophical interpretation of the essence of methodological culture has been carried out. It has been determined that the fundamental basis for the development of a philosophical and methodological culture is the applicants’ understanding of the essence of science as a social phenomenon and a specific form of social activity. The formation of the methodological culture among future doctors of philosophy presupposes their possession of the system of pedagogical scientific competencies. The main elements that make up the structure of the philosophical and methodological culture, which include professional, axiological, cognitive, communicative activities, have been substantiated. The role of the philosophical and methodological component is established, which affects the formation of the dialectical style of thinking and provides for a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical essence of the content of theoretical concepts. The role of creativity and innovation in the process of the formation of the teacher's personality has been investigated. The system of pedagogical competencies as a result of the formation of methodological culture is characterized. The criteria for the formation of the philosophical and methodological culture of future doctors of philosophy have been determined.

Cognitive Dissonance in the Professional Activity of an Accountant

Th e article focuses on the issue of increasing the activity of members of the professional community in the field of accounting science and practice regarding the methodological component of accounting knowledge. Based on the fundamental approaches of the logic of scientifi c research and the postulates of social psychology, the author identifi es the problem and comes to the conclusion that there is a psychological background to the professional behavior of colleagues, as a result, a contradiction is revealed between the true attitude of accountants to the ongoing reformation changes and their publicly expressed position. Th e very awareness of the causes of what is happening is an indispensable condition for restoring the atmosphere of free scientifi c and practical discussions.

OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE RADIATION COEFFICIENT AND TEMPERATURE OF THE CONTROLLED OBJECT

The operating principle of optoelectronic instruments for measuring the temperature of the heated products based on the measurement of the radiation flux from the heated product, which depends on the temperature and emissivity of the surface material. The main error of such optocal-electronic devices is the methodological component, which is due to the variability of the radiation coefficient of the surface of the product material. The radiation coefficient of an object depends on the material, the surface state of the material, and the temperature. In the measurement process, it is difficult to take this dependence into account, since there are no exact analytical expressions of these dependencies. In practice, the radiation coefficient of the surface of material the product is determined approximately using reference books. For a more accurate determination of the radiation coefficient, a preliminary study is necessary, which requires more complex equipment than a device for measuring the radiation flux from a heated body. To solve this problem, there are empirical generalized equations of the functional dependences of the radiation coefficient. The article analyzes the errors in determining the radiation coefficient using generalized equations in comparison with experimental data. The analysis indicates that the error in determining the radiation coefficient can reach large values that may not meet the requirements of consumers. To improve the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the object, a device has been developed that implements the method of sample signals. The developed device predetermines the radiation coefficient of the measured product at a certain temperature and introduces a correction when measuring the temperature.

The Concept of Creating Visual Content for Promotion in the Media Space (on the example of cultural and event tourism)

A competitive, attractive and even unique project or product, without its wide representation in the information space, will not receive proper implementation and response. Without effective promotion in the mass media, and this applies to almost any sphere from the economy to culture, the creation process will be incomplete and incomplete. Creating a visual production requires a deep understanding of various communication processes: the laws of communication, the basics of audience perception, cognitive principles, as well as the basics of drama and Public Relations. The article is based on the understanding of theoretical knowledge and scientific sources on this topic, as well as the practical long-term experience of the author of the study in creating visual works of different genres, styles and directions. The material of this study is given on the example of the sphere of cultural and event tourism, however, the scope of application is much wider. This concept, due to its universality, can be used for the preparation of visual works and their further promotion in the media space in various fields of application, e.g. economy, society, culture, ecology, besides it provides a methodological component for teaching students of specialized areas.

METHODICAL COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF THE HUMANITARIAN PROFILE

The development of digital competence of new generation teachers is a priority of a modern higher education institution. It is important in this context to develop a methodological component of the system of digital competence development of future teachers of humanities, which will determine the goals, content, methods, forms and means of digital competence development. Therefore, the aim of the article is to substantiate the methodological component of the model of development of digital competence of future teachers of humanities. The study analyzes the international framework of digital competence for citizens, in particular the framework of digital competence DigCompEdu, UNESCO standards “UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers. Version 3”, which reflects the latest technological and pedagogical advances in the use of ICT in education. It is important to describe the digital competence of the pedagogical worker, which includes the requirements to a humanities teacher and a set of skills to acquire, as well as the levels of digital competence of a pedagogical worker. A new Digital Education Action Plan (2021–2027) has been substantiated, outlining the European Commission's vision for high-quality, inclusive and accessible digital education in Europe. In the context of the study the analysis of the Concept of development of digital competencies adopted in Ukraine in 2020, the ways and means of solving the problems outlined in the document and the expected results are very important. The action plan for the implementation of the Concept of development of digital competencies includes regulatory, scientific and methodological, information support, deadlines and performance indicators. The described methodical component of the system of digital competence development of future teachers of humanities is developed in accordance with the European framework of digital competences, the concept of digital competence development and the description of digital competence of a pedagogical worker. This system is focused on application in the system of higher education. The methodological component of the system of development of digital competence of future teachers of humanities, which is carried out in the digital educational environment of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, has been also substantiated.

HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND THE EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS

The stock market is a notoriously complex and unpredictable system, and because of this has always been an alluring subject for academic research seeking to make the unpredictable more predictable. This major research project is no different as it aims to quantify the predictive value of financial sentiment, determine which sentiments are most meaningful, when they are most meaningful, and if meaningful sentiment varies depending on type of stock. To pursue these goals, the project finds its theoretical footing in Eugene Fama’s Efficient Market Hypothesis and Daniel Kahneman’s Prospect Theory. However, the methodological component of this project enters into emerging territory as it employs sentiment analysis and machine learning, which have only recently been made possible by advances in technology and communications practices. Specifically, through the use of the Loughran-McDonald dictionary for financial sentiment, corporate press releases were analyzed and tested using a Random Forest machine learning model. The results from this project show that financial senitiment found in press releases does provide a slight predictive edge, however the sentiments responsible for that edge vary based on type of stock, type of fluctuation being predicted, and timeframe.

HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT: SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND THE EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS

The stock market is a notoriously complex and unpredictable system, and because of this has always been an alluring subject for academic research seeking to make the unpredictable more predictable. This major research project is no different as it aims to quantify the predictive value of financial sentiment, determine which sentiments are most meaningful, when they are most meaningful, and if meaningful sentiment varies depending on type of stock. To pursue these goals, the project finds its theoretical footing in Eugene Fama’s Efficient Market Hypothesis and Daniel Kahneman’s Prospect Theory. However, the methodological component of this project enters into emerging territory as it employs sentiment analysis and machine learning, which have only recently been made possible by advances in technology and communications practices. Specifically, through the use of the Loughran-McDonald dictionary for financial sentiment, corporate press releases were analyzed and tested using a Random Forest machine learning model. The results from this project show that financial senitiment found in press releases does provide a slight predictive edge, however the sentiments responsible for that edge vary based on type of stock, type of fluctuation being predicted, and timeframe.