RECOVERY OF WASTE OINTMENTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION METHOD

Ultrafiltration devices are currently being developed and manufactured around the world, and productivity varies greatly from 1 to 300,000 m/day. In practice, ultrafiltration parameters are used and performed in batch, semi-periodic and continuous modes. Continuous and semi-periodic modes are mainly used for large volumes of liquids. In the case of a small volume, the batch mode prefers the continuous mode - the area of the membrane is smaller and it is easier to clean. The deposition of spent grease is based on the fact that mechanical impurities and water are in a suspended state and settle over time. When selecting the process of restoring the quality of the lubricant to the required level, first use a mechanical cleaning method to remove free water and hard dirt. In practice, rough cleaning of the lubricant is carried out using filter elements made of metal mesh with a filtration fineness of 60 ... 80 μm. A complex filter element made of non-woven materials is used for fine cleaning. Type of oil filter "FMN" (cleaning accuracy 15 ... 20 microns). However, these filters cannot provide a degree of purification of the spent lubricant, as the latter contains a large amount of carbon contaminants, preferably with a particle size of less than 5 μm. In the process of ultrafiltration of oil, the initial stream is separated and concentrated. Varnish, resin and other small contaminants are retained by the superporous layer on the surface and are continuously washed away by a tangential flow of purified oil. Only cleaned grease can pass through the membrane. This allows for a long filtration process without replacing the membrane filter element. The ultrafiltration process is performed at a pressure of 0.3-1 MPa and a flow rate of 2-5 m/s, using membranes with a size of 0.1-0.005 μm.

Influence of filter elements on the operation of tribomechanical systems

Oil filter is a part of a gasoline or diesel engine lubrication system designed to clean the engine oil. Depending on where it is installed, the oil filtration system, they are divided into three types: - through-flow filter, which passes through all the oil that the pump feeds into the engine. A pressure regulating by-pass valve is installed upstream of the filter to protect the gaskets with oil seals. If the filter element is too dirty, the valve directs oil flow past the filter, preventing oil starvation of the bearings. Keeps engine from failing due to lack of lubrication; - a partial-flow filter is mounted parallel to the main oil line and cleans only a portion of the oil that enters the engine. Gradually the whole volume of oil passes through the filter element, giving a fairly high cleaning efficiency. However, this method does not provide absolute protection of parts from chips and other abrasives; - the combination filter combines a full-flow and a partial-flow cleaning principle. It consists of two filter elements, one mounted parallel to the oil line and the other cut into it. This ensures maximum cleaning efficiency and long filter life. The filter elements are divided into two types according to their efficiency in removing fine impurities: coarse filters, which remove coarse impurities, and fine filters, which remove fine impurities. According to the design of the housing and the possibility of replacing the filter element, filters are divided into multiple (collapsible) and disposable (non-collapsible). Modern engines may use filters in the form of a cartridge, which is inserted into a special compartment. During operation, the oil is first routed to the filter and then through the oil channels to the interacting parts in the engine. This principle is used on all standard passenger cars. A settling filter (gravity filter) is a tank with a filter element and a settling tank in which impurities are deposited by gravity. The centrifugal filter operates similarly to the gravity filter, only dirt settles in it under the action of centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the body

Science-Based Technologies in the Manufacture Liquid Rocket Engines Filter Element Channels

The article discusses the technologies used in the manufacture of liquid rocket engines filter elements. The analysis of the most widely used methods in the aerospace industry for obtaining grooves and holes in metal filters is carried out, as well as progressive methods for their production are proposed. Special means of technological equipment for the fine filter elements manufacture using electroerosion treatment have been developed.

Model for the Suspensions Separation Process in Hydrodynamic Filters with a Rotating Filter Element

The possibility of applying the probabilistic-statistical method for theoretical calculation of characteristics related to suspensions separation in self-cleaning hydrodynamic filters with a rotating filter element has been demonstrated. It has been shown that the change in characteristics of the suspensions separation in hydrodynamic filters with a rotating filter element can be satisfactorily described based on equations of diffusion type, in particular, using the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation. The main parameters of the separation process in hydrodynamic filters with a rotating filter element have been determined.