Psychological aspects of overcoming conflict situations by police officers in the conditions of mass events

The geopolitical, socio-cultural, economic changes that have burst into society in connection with the pandemic are the impetus for the development of extremist manifestations and the terrorist threat, which determines and emphasizes the relevance and vital need for a deeper study and improvement of psychological support and psychological training of police officers in places of mass activities. The article examines the features of conflict situations that arise among police officers in the activity of protecting public order during mass events. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the experience of the police in Lower Saxony (FRG) and the current police officers in Russia. Thus, a survey of police officers (85 senior officers) enrolled in refresher courses in 2018-2019 revealed the main positive examples of successful actions: work with leaders (instigators of mass riots), including their operational isolation (40% respondents); coordinated work of all forces and means involved in the protection of public order, at the same time, timely and reliable information to the head of the operational headquarters (40% of respondents); tightening the access control and cutting the crowd into sectors (50% of the respondents), etc. In the conclusion, the main tasks are outlined, by which police officers will be able to minimize conflict situations in special conditions.

8th International School and Conference “Saint-Petersburg OPEN 2021” on Optoelectronics, Photonics, Engineering and Nanostructures

M V Maximov1,2, E I Moiseev2,1, N V Kryzhanovskaya2,1, A E Zhukov2,1 1 Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2 National Research University “Higher School of Economics” [email protected], [email protected] 8th International School and Conference “Saint-Petersburg OPEN 2021” on Optoelectronics, Photonics, Engineering and Nanostructures was held on May 25 - 28, 2021. The Organizers of the conference are the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” and Alferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences. More than 300 participants from Russia, CIS countries, Europe and America took part in the conference. The conference consisted of poster reports presented by the young participants (students, PhD students, and young researchers) and topical lectures by invited speakers. Due to restrictions imposed by the city authorities on holding mass events due to the threat of the spread of the COVID-19 infection, this year’s conference was held in a hybrid format at the HSE University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia). Most of the participants were present in person, while the rest could listen to reports and ask their questions on-line. Some of the speakers also made their presentations in a distant format. All performances were recorded and are available for viewing at the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRoRU6T-uM8&t=5s. Posters and video reports of the participants were posted on the conference website https://spb.hse.ru/spbopen/. List of Committees, Conference Photograph are available in this pdf.

EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DURING POLICE ACTIONS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON THE SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING SIMULATION TRAINING IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

The main aim of the article is to present the results of the surveys conducted among the graduates of the specialist course for police operations commanders at the Police Academy in Szczytno, who participated in the course in 2014–2020. The course uses a tool of modern technology in the form of a simulator of Police operations in crisis situations. The essence of the research was, therefore, to verify the impact of simulation training as part of a specialist course for commanders of police actions and operations on the real scope and manner of tasks performed by its graduates, i.e. on commanding actual police activities to ensure and maintain public safety and order during mass events, in including sports events, public gatherings and celebrations, and other collective disturbances of public order. It should be emphasised that due to the often signifi cant lapse of time after the end of the course, the respondents formulated their opinions based on subsequent experiences and analysis of actual facts, in the context of knowledge and skills acquired during the training.

Event marketing as a tool supporting the process of revitalization of post-military tourism space in Borne Sulinowo

The article describes a case study concerning the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Borne Sulinowo, where the author investigates the effect of using event marketing activities as a tool for marketing a tourism product and a regenerated post-military tourism space. The aim of the article is to show how event marketing can be used as a tool supporting the development of tourism space created in the process of revitalisation of various areas, especially post-military ones, and to identify elements that can be used by local authorities to develop and promote their tourism space taking into account requirements of sustainable development (a given space should be revitalised in a specific way and, if possible, restored to its former status). The analysis is based on a case study of a rally of military vehicles organised annually since 2004 in Borny Sulinowo as part of the process of revitalisation of the town space. The study is based on data collected in the process of participant observation and on a review of available literature and online resources. The author demonstrates that mass events can be used as a way of promoting a tourism product that is being created and can directly or indirectly help to achieve particular objectives set out in the revitalisation programme. They can also can be used to dispell concerns of the local community by highlighting benefits and opportunities associated with the changes taking place.

INDIVIDUAL ARREST TECHNIQUES THAT CAN BE USED BY POLICE OFFICERS ACCORDING TO THE SCANDINAVIAN MODEL OF PUBLIC ORDER AND SECURITY DURING A PUBLIC EVENT VIOLATION

The article examines the issues of detention of individuals who can be used in their professional activities by police officers following the Scandinavian model of public order and security during violations of the order of mass events. Sometimes, during violations of the relevant mass events, police officers must counteract such conduct which violates certain rights and freedoms of others, which behave peacefully, calmly, in accordance with the clear rules provided for by national and international law. In some places, in order to stop the above-mentioned acts, the police are forced to apply, on legal grounds, coercive measures, which are provided by the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. However, it must always be borne in mind that the right to peaceful assembly is a fundamental human right and the use of force must be kept to a minimum so as not to harm human life or health and to restore public order and safety. Dialogue and conversation between police officers are important in detaining people who violate public order and security, as well as for those who are nearby during various types of gatherings. Here we need to understand the message, the reasons or motives for the detention, and, in general, the attempt to communicate and talk to the detainee. Detention of persons, quite often, is an effective way to ensure the order of peaceful assemblies, to ensure the realization of citizens' rights to peaceful assemblies. Detention can be carried out by personnel - police officers in uniform, and officers who perform their duties in ordinary, casual clothes. Police officers often detain people for various types of offenses. The difference between ordinary detention and detention during demonstrations is in the presence of certain factors that need to be addressed.

The Making of a Marian Geography of Grace for Greek Catholics in the Polish Crownlands of the 17th–18th Centuries

This article explores the ways in which the newly founded and highly contested Christian confession of the Greek Catholics or Uniates employed strategies of mass mobilization to establish and maintain their position within a contested confessional terrain. The Greek Catholic clerics, above all monks of the Basilian order fostered an active policy of acquiring, founding and promoting Marian places of grace in order to create and invigorate a sense of belonging among their flock. The article argues that folk ideological notions concerning the spatial and physical conditions for the working of miracles were seized upon by the Greek Catholic faithful to establish a mental map of grace of their own. Especially, the Basilian order took particular care to organize mass events (annual pilgrimages, coronation celebrations for miraculous images) and promote Marian devotion through miracle reports and icon songs in an attempt to define what it means to be a Greek Catholic in terms of sacred territoriality.

Medical Support of Mass Events During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems and Possible Ways of their Solution

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of organizing and implementing medical support for mass events by the specialists of the medical teams of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» in 2008–2019; to analyze and to assess the organization of medical support for the Tavrida Forum and Festival, as well as for the Final of the “Big Change” (“Bolshaya Peremena”) competition in the Republic of Crimea in 2020 in the face of the threat of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 spread. Materials and research methods. We analyzed the data of medical reports of specialists of the Field Multidisciplinary Hospital of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita», who participated in the medical support of mass events held in 2008–2020. The regulatory documents, scientific and methodological publications on the organization of medical support for public events, climatic and geographic conditions in the places of the Hospital’s deployment, legal and medical documentation on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 were studied. Research results and their analysis. A brief description of the medical support of mass events by the specialists of the Field Multidisciplinary Hospital of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» in 2008–2019 is given. The organization and implementation of medical support for mass events held in 2020 in the Republic of Crimea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The work of the Consolidated Medical Unit of the FMBA of Russia with the participation of specialists from the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» is analyzed.