STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY DEPOSITED COPPER DOPED NICKEL HYDROXIDE

Present work reported, copper doped Ni(OH) deposited successfully by chemical bath deposition method on 2 economical stainless steel electrode. The XRD analysis represent hexagonal crystal structure and presence of Ni and Cu confirm by FT-IR study. The surface morphology studied by SEM indicates nanopetals linked marigold like microflowers. -1 -1 The 0.2% Cu doped Ni(OH)2 shows specific capacitance 715 Fg at scan rate 10 mV s . EIS study interprets that electrode N-0.2% have least charge transfer resistance which improve value of specific capacitance. All results revels cupper is good dopant for improve the specific capacitance.

Post-Secular Identity? Developing a New Approach to Religion in International Relations and IR Studies

In spite of the increasing presence of religion in international relations with various publications observing this presence and numerous authorities calling for the inclusion of religion into mainstream research, there is no universal consent to recognize religion’s role in IR. In our opinion, the only way to reconcile IR with the international reality in which religion has been and will remain present in the foreseeable future is for the researchers themselves to construct—especially those oriented towards broad, non-Western perspective—a new face of the discipline, the face which in this article we call the post-secular identity of IR study. Assuming that identity is first and foremost a form of knowledge that tells us how we can define ourselves against the background of the surrounding world, our purpose is to look at the post-secular identity from two different perspectives which are analyzed in the two distinctive parts of the paper. On one hand, post-secular identity would mean the socio-political but also cultural phenomenon of the “knowledge of the self” expressed in the form of ideas, interests and goals of various state and nonstate actors, both religious and secular ones, that are more or less conditioned by religious determinants. We propose looking at them through the prism of a new kind of “partnership” emerging as a result of post-secular thinking in the area of IR. On the other hand, we want to look at post-secular identity as the badly required transformation within the area of IR study that, as we claim, needs to construct more inclusive views of IR scholars adopting a deliberative and pluralistic approach to the reality they examine based on widening their epistemological and hermeneutical horizons. This redefinition would be framed by recognizing religion as rational and adopting the view that the limits of the scientific methods do not coincide with the boundaries of rationality. We also adopt the view that along with the cognitive expansion of the universe, the concept of transcendence has been broadened.

EFFECTS OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON NANOSTRUCTURED Na-BENTONITE SILICATE LAYERS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The aim of this paper to study the effects of γ-rays on nanostructured Na-bentonite clay from Alpoid deposit. The effect of high doses (up to 256 kGy) of γ-radiation on the short-range structural organization in montmorillonite was studied using infrared spectroscopy. Significant change attributable to irradiation was observed at dose of 57 kGy. No significant changes were observed after 57 kGy of γ-radiation. A small variation in the water content was noted but it is not systematic. The results show that the montmorillonite structure can accumulate high doses of radiation with damage. The modifications most likely to be generated by the radiation were expected to be within the silicate layers. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied with scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, the effects of ionizing radiation on the Na-bentonite clay investigated by FT-IR method. These spectra show the suitability of FT-IR study of mineral surfaces and the changes in the spectra brought about by the surface phenomena.

Value addition study on coker kero for producing alpha olefin and alkyl benzene

Coker kero stream is obtained from delayed coking which contains saturates with alpha olefins and PNA compounds which was physicochemical characterised. The fractions present in coker kero may be used further for value added products such as alkyl benzene and naphthalene etc. The study described potential of coker kero via aromatics and non-aromatics separation by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), acetonitrile and methanol as solvents of different polarity. Methanol imparts best colour improvement as per ASTM D-1500. Beside this, adsorption study on coker kero was performed using fuller’s earth, chalk powder, red ochre and wood-stick’s ash as adsorbents. The adsorption study suggested that fuller’s earth not only separate aromatics and non-aromatics form coker kero, but also acts as a better adsorbent than graphitic carbon (activated charcoal) and is found suitable for colour improvement comparatively. This study inferred the separation of polar components, improvement in the colour, odour and established the stable fuel. FT-IR study suggested that N-methyl Pyrrolidone gives better results comparatively other solvents. HC22 type analysis of coker kero raffinate and extract phase confirm the sharp extraction of coker kero feed using N-Methyl pyrrolidone as it is a good solvent for extraction of aromatics. GCMS and HRMS compositional analysis successfully performed for the coker kero and it is separated aromatic and non-aromatic fractions.

FT-IR Study, Thermal Analysis, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a MK-Geopolymer Mortar Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate

Food containers made from glass are separately collected from urban solid waste at 76% in most parts of Europe. The cullet glass finds its way to re-melting, while the debris is often disposed of. With this contribution, we suggest an upcycling process where glass debris is simply ground without any washing operation and added to an alkali-activated paste. Metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar added with coarsely ground glass waste as fine aggregate has been prepared via alkali activation with NaOH and Na-silicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days of room temperature curing time, the 3D geopolymer network was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Vibrational spectra revealed the geopolymerization occurrences, results which have been supported by both FT-IR deconvoluted spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the antibacterial properties were investigated against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (E. faecalis) bacterial strains. The results suggest the ability of the 28 days cured geopolymers to inhibit the growth of the gram-negative bacterium assayed.

Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensor Using Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers for the Detection of Uric Acid

A label-free electrochemical biosensor has been developed using Zinc Oxide nanoflowers (ZnONFs) for the detection of Uric acid. ZnONFs have been synthesized by hydrothermal process and characterized with several techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, X-ray diffraction study, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and electrochemical analyser to confirms the formation of nanoflowers and fabrication of electrode and bioelectrodes for uric acid detection. Pure and uniform needle flowers and deposited onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate through electrophoretic deposition technique. Further, electrochemical studies have been performed with immobilized enzymatic bioelectrode followed by various uric acid concentrations. It has been found that the fabricated biosensor shows high sensitivity (10.38 µA/ mg/mL /cm2) and a limit of detection of 0.13 mg/mL in the range of 0.005 to 1.0 mg/mL. This study demonstrates the potential use of ZnONFs for the construction of overly sensitive biosensors for Uric acid detection.

International Relations as a Discipline in Argentina: Historical Roots and Theoretical Contributions

Many scholars have addressed the relevance of thinking on processes, actors, ideas, and institutions that marked the development of International Relations (IR) in order to understand the way, it is studied and taught in modern times. As such, examining the constitution of the IR field in Argentina carries a twofold objective. Primarily, an in-depth study on the origins of the field in Argentina from a historical perspective brings to light how the field’s historical trajectory marked its development in modern times. Underlining the specific theoretical and methodological endeavors of Argentine IR allows researchers to establish how the field managed to gain density and gradually establish its own boundaries among other disciplines such as international law, diplomacy, geopolitics, political economy, and foreign policy analysis. Identifying the contributions of the Argentine IR field to a more universal and inclusive IR study allows for the definition of a broader non-Western IR agenda. Following Bourdieu’s study on scientific fields, this work answers the question of how the field has been shaped, and how the historical process of autonomization and internal differentiation that has allowed the discipline to legitimize itself as such in Argentina was shaped. From the observation and analysis of a number of components, it addresses the way its subject of study was outlined, through the contributions of agents of knowledge production and the areas of specialized knowledge involved in the process. The period carved out for analysis goes back to 1889, with the First Pan-American Conference in Washington DC, which triggered intense public debate in the country on how to participate in world affairs. The period of analysis ends in 1990, when the IR discipline was clearly considered an autonomous field of study. This temporal selection does not imply that the work follows a chronological and lineal path. Instead, it will consider and flesh out the “strong moments” of the complex, multidimensional, and nonlinear process of institutionalization of a field. As a result, it is possible to identify different arenas of struggle, where various forces are opposed in seeking internal legitimacy. Understanding these spaces as part of an internal struggle does not imply a tacit confrontation, but more a series of dilemmas that emerge from the process of legitimizing and defining the field.