A Review on Pharmacological and Phytochemical studies towards convolvulaceae species Rivea and Ipomea

: The plants of Rivea and Ipomea are Convolvulaceae species which were identified by their funnel like flowers and radial shaped corolla.The stems of these plants are slender and creeper type.The plant of ipomea contain simple leaves.Whereas the leaves of Rivea are velvety in texture and have a shiny appearance.The fruits are like capsule, berry or nut containing only two seeds per one locule.Mostly Convolvulaceae species are eaten as a fresh leafy vegetable,which has been used traditionally for curing many ailments such as purgative,skin disease and as a blood purifier for arthritis, piles and urinary disorder.Both these plants explain the therapeutic benefits such as curing diabetes, skininfections ,snakebite, ulcer and also posses antimutagenic activities and act as a immune booster and help in the relief of respiratory congestion.On highlighting their phytochemical aspects both the plants shows the presence of flavanoids, terpenoids, poly phenols, carbohydrates, alkaloids, sterols and glycosides.As these plants is creepers,tribal people use their leafy part for their neutraceutical value.

Phytocompounds and their molecular targets in immunomodulation: a review

Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The immunomodulation process of immune cells is part of the immunotherapy. According to therapeutic methods of immune responses are categorized as inducing (immunostimulant), amplification (immune booster), attenuation (immunomodulation), and prevention (immunosuppressive) actions. The prevalence of chronic immunological diseases like viral infections, allergies, and cancer is mainly due to the over-activation of the immune system. Further, immunomodulators are reported to manage the severity of chronic immunological disorders. Moreover, these immunomodulator-acting proteins are identified as potential molecular targets for the regulation of the immune system. Moreover, natural compound like phytocompounds are known to bind these targets and modulates the immune system. The specialized phytocompounds like curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are shown the immunomodulatory actions and ameliorate the immunological disorders. The present scenario of a COVID-19 pandemic situation has taught us the need to focus on strengthening the immune system and the development of the most promising immunotherapeutics. This review is focused on an overview of various phytocompounds and their molecular targets for the management of immunological disorders via immunosuppressants and immunostimulants actions.

INCREASE THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY OF NUTRITION NEEDS TO IMPROVE IMMUNITY FOR THE PANDEMIC COVID-19 IN BULUAMPAL BENDO PARE KEDIRI

Introduction: Covid-19 is a virus that attacks the human immune system. The severity is influenced by endurance, age and pre-existing disease (comorbid). Treatment is given to relieve symptoms and increase endurance. Individual conditions require immunity or immunity to fight the virus. Immunity can be formed through nutritional intake or balanced nutrition during the Covid-19 pandemic. The general objective of this community service activity is that health workers and students are able to increase community and family awareness to prevent Covid-19 transmission through increasing immunity by meeting nutritional needs.Methods: Activities in community service programs by conducting education or counseling as well as demonstrations of correct food processing and selection of food ingredients and samples that are easy to find and obtain in the environment in Buluampal Hamlet, Bendo Village, Pare District.Results: Families who participate in educational or outreach and demonstration activities can understand food that can be consumed during the pandemic, correct food processing, understanding of the content or composition of balanced nutrition and traditional food ingredients that can be used as an immune booster during a pandemic. The post-test results on family and community knowledge show that most of the families 77.78% understand about meeting nutritional needs during a pandemic including food / balanced nutrition for family members.Conclusion: Community service activities can increase understanding and knowledge of balanced nutrition to increase immunity during a pandemic and know how to process food ingredients and use home yards for herbal plants that can increase immunity.

A PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MURCHITA GO-GHRITAM & CHAGALADYA GHRITAM

Ghee known as Ghritam, sarpish & Ajya, was used in ancient India as early as 1500 B.C. Rigveda, the oldest collection of Hindu hymns, contains numerous references to ghee, showing its importance in the Indian diet. The health benefits from ghee can be fundamentally categorized as those that are obtained from consuming ghee as food and those are obtained by using ghee as a medicine. Clarified milk fat or butterfat is known as ghrita. It is prepared by heating butter or cream to just over 100°C to remove water content. Goghrita is the best choice for food and medicinal purposes. So, in Ayurvedic classics and tradition, if not specified, the word ghrita always applies to goghrta. Chagaladya ghrita is one such classical, potent, unexplored, herbal preparation having properties of Jwara-prashamana (Antipyretic action), Dhatu-vriddhikara (Nourishes the Body tissues), improves mainly Mamsa dhatu, where dhatu kshaya is noticed in Rajyakshama Rogi by consuming of this Aja-Mamsa can restore the Mamsa dhatu kshaya (Mamsena Mamsa vruddhihi), also Increases body weight (Brimhanakaraka), Ojoskara (Immune- booster) indicated in the management of Rajyakshama presenting with predominant of Shwasa and Kasa. It contains mainly Chagamamsa (goat’s meat), Ashwagandha, Vasapanchanga, Chagadugdha and Goghrita and other Prakshepaka dravyas. Ghrita is one among the best Ajasrika Rasayanas. and is supreme in Snehana Dravyas. By its Yogavahitva, as per its ingredients, the medicated Ghrita will be attaining properties of the ingredients without forfeiting its properties. Keywords: Murchita Go-ghrita, Chagaladya Ghrita, Snehapaka, TLC

Impacts of Covid-19 on Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) Food Industry in India

Background: Makhana or gorgon nut has popular and nutrition rich pop across India and many parts of the world. In the light of the recent makhana food production, there is now considerable concern about the crop management, processing and marketing of makhana pop. Due to Covid-19 spread, many agriculture sectors in India as well as in the World were badly affected because of restriction of movement of workers, changes in demand of consumers and restricted food trade policies and financial instability. Hence, the objective of this present experiment was to assess elaborately about impacts of Covid-19 spread on the production and marketing system of makhana. Methods: Crop management system was monitored and problems were detected by field visits and taking observations. The sample size was greater than 10 at each location for market analysis. Multistage random sampling at each stage and ‘Conventional method’ were adopted for per cent loss and gain. Result: According to August-2020 survey, Covid-19 spread and subsequent lock-down situation in India might reduce the total makhana production due to less labor involvement in the production process and would have adverse effect in the marketing system as well as on the export balance in the international market. Accordingly, a case study was also performed from the farmer field of Manigachhi, Darbhanga, Bihar, where crop losses occur from leaf blight due to improper crop management during lock-down situations and they farmers felt an existing weak marketing system. However, during the second survey in November (2020), it was evident that makhana industry got an sudden and impulsive change, due to increase in mass awareness about makhana as a nutrition dense medicinal food and immune booster. Early negative impact of Covid-19 was redressed and finally the makhana food industry became profitable on account of having medicinal and pharmaceutical value.

Immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms against coronavirus disease-19

There have been significant developments in the design of nanostructured scaffolds for eliciting robust immune responses named vaccine. The technique is to produce strong immune responses is to manipulate the appearance of a pathogen. Subsequently pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often demonstrate of multiple copies of ligands on their surfaces, the immune system is predominantly sensitive towards multivalent presentations of antigens. Consequently, when designing a vaccine, it is beneficial to garnish a nanostructured surface with multiple copies of an antigen so it can effectively act as an immune booster. Different methods are there for the development of the vaccine, from them most of the techniques are well developed and reported and some of in the developing state. This review focuses primarily on cellular and non-cellular vaccines, the whole cells or cellular proteins either as the source of antigens or the platform in which to deliver the antigens. Purpose of this review, understand and discussion on the various vaccine platforms which will contribute noteworthy information to vaccine research and development (R and D).

Jamu: Javanese Doping During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Jamu is a part of traditional medicine that draws many people's attention today. This can be seen in the increasing consumption of jamu in Indonesian society. This increase can be influenced by the decision of the Indonesian people to consume jamu as an effort to prevent Covid-19. This study revealed the reasons behind the choice of jamu as an effort to prevent Covid-19 in some Indonesian people, especially in rural Javanese people where jamu is very closely related to their lives. This research was conducted in Mojorejo Village, Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency by involving 20 informants obtained through purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted from April to June 2021. The ethnographic method was used to enable the researchers to dig deeper into the informants' experiences regarding herbal medicine. The researchers analyzed the research data by coding and included secondary data to enrich the findings.Rural Javanese people choose jamu as doping during the Covid-19 pandemic for three reasons, including the tradition of drinking jamu, its immune booster properties, and the 3M (mudah, murah, manjur) [Easy, Cheap, Effective] aspects of jamu. Jamu ingredients that include ginger, curcuma, aromatic ginger, turmeric, and tamarind are believed to be able to boost their immune system during the pandemic.

Curcumin Extraction, Isolation, Quantification and Its Application in Functional Foods: A Review With a Focus on Immune Enhancement Activities and COVID-19

An entirely unknown species of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in December 2019. COVID-19 has already affected more than 180 million people causing ~3.91 million deaths globally till the end of June 2021. During this emergency, the food nutraceuticals can be a potential therapeutic candidate. Curcumin is the natural and safe bioactive compound of the turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plant and is known to possess potent anti-microbial and immuno-modulatory properties. This review paper covers the various extraction and quantification techniques of curcumin and its usage to produce functional food. The potential of curcumin in boosting the immune system has also been explored. The review will help develop insight and new knowledge about curcumin's role as an immune-booster and therapeutic agent against COVID-19. The manuscript will also encourage and assist the scientists and researchers who have an association with drug development, pharmacology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals to develop curcumin-based formulations.