Understanding Micropolar Theory in the Earth Sciences II: The Seismic Moment Tensor

Seismic events produced by block rotations about vertical axis occur in many geodynamic contexts. In this study, we show that these rotations can be accounted for using the proper theory, namely micropolar theory, and a new asymmetric moment tensor can be derived. We then apply this new theory to the Kaikōura earthquake (2016/11/14), Mw 7.8, one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded with modern instrumental techniques. Using advanced numerical techniques, we compute synthetic seismograms including a full asymmetric moment tensor and we show that it induces measurable differences in the waveforms proving that seismic data can record the effects of the block rotations observed in the field. Therefore, the theory developed in this work provides a full framework for future dynamic source inversions of asymmetric moment tensors.

Prediction of acoustic wave transmission features of the multilayered plate constructions: A review

This study collects all of the existent papers in the field of acoustic transmission across multilayered plate constructions. Herewith, a comprehensive source is proposed wherein approximately 410 references are reviewed and described from the first [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. In the first part, in addition to the presentation of a complete explanation about the importance of the acoustic analysis of these structures, appropriate formulations are also provided. Furthermore, an overview of the thematic correspondent is carried out. Since the type of material used in these constructions can be very important in sound insulation, the significance of this subject is remarked. The papers are then classified based on their acoustic excitation fields containing plane wave, diffuse, random, and point source. After analyzing the research approaches according to different environmental properties, the articles are ordered based on their boundaries as finite and infinite. To present reliable outcomes, it is necessary to investigate a proper theory proportional to the structure’s thickness. Herewith, this issue is also discussed in detail. The review is also expanded to focus on the different vibroacoustic solutions. Before concluding remarks, the authors' research works are presented wherein either optimization algorithms or control techniques improve the acoustic performance of these structures.

Community development has been hijacked

Community development lacks a proper theory. This paper postulates that the reason for this intolerable state being that community development has been hijacked by charity organizations and politicians with ‘do good’ intentions, simply because it lacks proper scientific theory that offers some element of prediction in the outcome. Current development approaches are revisited and the basic needs theory proposed as a useful theory that takes community development beyond just various ‘approaches’. It merges the complexities of the community development concept into a distinct scientifically based theory that includes an assessment technique (Priority Index), which makes it possible to identify and prioritize the basic or ‘true’ needs in a community. The theory equates addressing the basic community needs with the ‘art of timing’, which means doing the right thing at the right time is the only real solution to trigger the upward development spiral. In doing so, the basic needs theory postulates that once the identified basic needs in the target community are brought within their locus of control, the upward development spiral is triggered and a predictably new set of ‘higher level’ needs will emerge. This process is essential to the change principle inherent to the community development process.

The Subject-Dependency of Perceptual Objects

Entities that are, in ordinary perceptual situations, veridically presented as objects can be called ‘perceptual objects’. In the philosophical literature, one can find various approaches to the crucial features that distinguish the class of perceptual objects. While these positions differ in many respects, they share an important general feature: they all characterize perceptual objects as largely subject-independent. More specifically, they do not attribute a significant constitutive role to the perceptual relation connecting a fragment of the environment with a perceiving subject. Fragments of the environment are perceptual objects no matter whether they stand in a perceptual relation to any subject, mainly by virtue of having a certain physical structure. I question this common assumption, relying on Green’s (2019) definition of perceptual objects, arguing that a proper theory of perceptual objects should accommodate the constitutive role of perceptual relations. This is because there exist fragments of the environment that are perceptual objects only when they stand in a perceptual relation to a subject.

Integrated Conceptual Framework to Explain Online Purchasing Intention in E-Commerce

E-commerce has several benefits with many challenges. The identity of the involved parties and verifying the suitability of the goods is a matter of debate. There is no proper theory to explain this complex online purchasing behavior. A conceptual framework development was conducted specifically to find a model to measure online purchasing intention.

Theoretical Aspects of Thin Film Solar Cells

The theoretical background is an essential part of any experimental work, and unless the understanding of proper theory associated with any experiment, the explanation of results not considered as accomplished. This chapter highlights the related approaches for calculating and explaining the effects of different parameters of the proposed studies. The concepts applied to investigate the microstructural and optoelectrical properties of semiconducting polymer films, Schottky, and heterojunction junctions are discussed and explained.

Morphology and the architecture of grammar

This chapter summarizes the theoretical findings of the book concerning the architecture of grammar. The notion ‘construction’, a systematic correspondence between form and meaning, appeared to be very fruitful in describing the morphology of Dutch. Paradigmatic relations between words, and between words and phrases are essential for the analysis of Dutch morphology. The interaction between inflection and derivation in Dutch implies rejection of the split morphology hypothesis. A proper theory of morphology requires us to conceive of the grammar and the lexicon of Dutch as forming a multidimensional network of relations between (morphological and phrasal) constructional schemas of various degrees of abstractness, between these abstract schemas and the individual words and phrases by which they are instantiated, and between individual words and phrases. The detailed study of one subsystem of one language, the morphology of Dutch, gives us insight into the kind of conditions of adequacy that any theory of the architecture of grammars of natural languages must meet.

Missing links: The psychology and epidemiology of shamanistic beliefs

Singh provides the skeletal elements of a possible account of shamanism-like beliefs in many human societies. To be developed into a proper theory, this model needs to be supplemented at several crucial points, in terms of anthropological evidence, psychological processes, and cultural transmission.

Relación teoría-práctica entre el campo de la formación inicial y el escenario del ejercicio profesional

This article, developed at the regional campus of a university, located 200 miles south from Santiago de Chile, shows how 185 students of preschool, elementary and middle education, experience and perceive the relationship theory-practice from their insertion in the school environment. The mixed approach adopted relies on an opinion questionnaire and a semi-structured interview administered in the tutoring spaces. The results show that 39% of the teaching students believe that theory and practice are opposite realities, while 31% say that the theory depends on practice. In that scenario, the initial teaching training faces the challenge to create spaces and devices that allow the teaching student to get familiar with a few sets of flexible and changing rules to understand the specificity of the teaching process, from a proper theory-practice relationship.

Alternative Frameworks and Counterpossibles

To solve the problem of counterpossibles (i.e., counterfactuals with necessarily false antecedents), many philosophers have been arguing that one needs to invoke impossible worlds. This extension of the semantics of modality should save the analysis of counterfactuals from being insensitive to the problem of counterpossibles. The aim of this paper is to show why the theories of impossible worlds do not fully solve the problem of counterpossibles, but merely shift it. Moreover, by distinguishing two types of languages, we will show that some expectations about a proper theory of counterfactuals might be too great.