OPEN-SCIENCE SPACE ISSUE: CALIBRATION OF MEASURING CHANNELS OF NON-DISMANTLING CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

The analysis of the concept of Open-Science Space is carried out. The existence of ways to achieve reproducibility and traceability of research results performed by a group of worldwide situated Cyber-physical system operators/supervisors is shown. Ways to ensure the efficient operation of Cyber-physical systems as complex technological nondemountable objects with high requirements for metrological characteristics have been studied. To develop the scattered cyberphysical systems, the portable stable-in-time code-controlled measures of physical quantities have been studied. They have to be metrologically confirmed in the laboratory before the delivery to the site of the measuring subsystem for its calibration.

ISSUE ON MEASURING THE LIGHT SPEED IN VACUUM

Based on the proposed differential equations of the interaction of the electric signal with the gravitational field, the observed phenomena are known as the gravitational lens and the Shapiro effect are investigated. The deflection of a light ray in the field of the Sun is simulated. It is shown that a moving photon undergoes in the gravitational field not only a transverse action, which causes a curvature of the trajectory but also a longitudinal one, implementing the acceleration-braking processes. As a result, the instability of the speed of light in a vacuum was revealed.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM

This article reveals the problems of creating a monitoring system to assess the ecological state of the environment of the selected area. An information model of the system has been developed, which takes into account the parameters of air, surface water, and soil pollution. The main components of the system, including the logical model of the database, have been designed and implemented. To assess the state of the environment according to the selected pollution parameters, the fuzzy logic model is constructed.

POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTODETECTOR ARRAY FOR OPTICAL COORDINATOR

New position-sensitive matrices for an optical coordinator and a method for determining the coordinates of a light spot for micromovements are presented, an analysis of the topologies and direction-finding characteristics of the proposed matrices is shown.

LONG-TERM STABILITY OF Co-C AND Pd-C EUTECTIC FIXED POINTS FOR THERMOCOUPLES CALIBRATION

Eutectic fixed points are close to becoming a reference for high temperatures calibration, especially as the new International Temperature Scale (ITS) approach to issue after the re-definition of the Kelvin unit. In this work the long-term stability of Co-C and Pd-C eutectic fixed points were investigated using NIS-Egypt facilities. The eutectic points were measured using Pt/Pd thermocouple. The total exposure to the Co-C and Pd-C melting temperature was about 200 h for the fixed-point cell and 150 h for the Pt/Pd thermocouple. The emfs of the thermocouple at the melting point were observed to drift by about 0.25 °C. Realization uncertainties were estimated to be ~ 0.446 ◦C for Co-C and ~0.742 for Pd-C (k = 2). Results show that Co-C and Pd-C eutectic cells can exhibit long term stability.

EVALUATION OF NATURAL GAS QUALITY BY ITS CALORIFIC VALUE

The article develops and analyzes a method of the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of natural gas as an energy source. The method is based on establishing the calorific value of natural gas as a determinative index of its quality, taking into account all gas properties: both those that positively affect the gas calorific value and its energy content, and those that adversely affect. The generalized definition of natural gas quality as the degree to which the set of the own gas characteristics (component composition and physical properties) meet the requirements concerning energy content, safety, ecology, and other factors is given. The results of experimental researches on natural gas quality according to the developed procedure are also presented.

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

Automated systems that are part of cyber-physical systems provide distribution of goods or prefabricated components, as well as their documenting and automatic tracking in real-time. Workpieces are marked with RFID transponders. RFID antennas allow contactless reading and/or recording of information, RFID electronics process and transmit it to the programmable logic controller via PROFIBUS DP, PROFINET, Ethernet IP, Ethernet TCP/IP, or EtherCAT interface. The peculiarities of the universal interface for the needs of cyber-physical systems equipped with RFID means and the main metrological characteristics of the latter are studied in the work.

STUDY OF THE PRIMARY CONVERTER-OBJECT SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES

The problem of creating electrochemical devices and the issues that arise in the system of the primary converterobject of control are considered. Low-resistance (salt solutions) and high-resistance (sugar solutions) objects were selected as the subject of study. To solve the problem, we have applied the method of impedance spectrum analysis with EIS Spectrum Analyzer software, which performs modeling on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Substitution schemes in different frequency and concentration ranges of studied objects were synthesized. This enables appropriate corrective action to minimize the impact of adverse events in the system while monitoring the quality of solutions - non-electrical nature objects – by electrochemical devices.

THE MEASURING CHANNELS CALIBRATION IN THE INDUSTRY

The trend of development of measuring equipment in particular measuring systems and technological processes leads to the need of measuring the temperature without dismantling the primary transducers and stopping the technological process in a very wide range and with high accuracy. The choice of methods and means of measurement depends on such factors as the value of measured temperature, necessary accuracy of measurement, conditions of measurements, and operation of the investigated object. The topicality of the problem is that industrial metrology operates the temperature measuring systems, transducers of which are deployed in such a way that their dismantling is impossible due to the specifics of the process or dangerous for operators’ life (nuclear power plants). Such measuring systems, due to the specifics of their application, are not metrologically provided in the periods between major repairs of controlled objects, thus violating the unity of measurements.

DETECTION OF FALSIFICATION OF HORILKA BY ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

The methods of quality control of horilka by electrical parameters, in particular, dielectric constant, specific conductivity, and imitation components are analyzed. The research results of individual samples of alcohol solutions and horilkas of different brands by the method of admittance spectroscopy were also analyzed. Based on this, methods for detecting falsification of horilka products by the method of admittance spectroscopy are proposed. The reactive component of the control object's ad is selected as an informative parameter. Two types of falsification are analyzed. The first is the falsification of the original horilka by replacing it with an aqueous-alcohol solution. The second - by replacing one brand of horilka with another. The analysis of the obtained results of researches of two types of objects on reactive components of their admittance in the frequency range 100 Hz100 kHz showed the following: characteristic features of dependencies of reactive components on frequency are revealed; they have been found to have extreme values at different frequencies. The reactive component of the admittance of aqueous-alcohol solutions reaches an extreme value at the beginning of the range. The same component of the original horilkas of different brands has extreme values at the end of the range. Based on this, methods for prompt detection of falsifications are proposed.