Do Financial Literacy and Technology Affect Intention to Invest in the Capital Market in the Early Pandemic Period?

Research aims: This paper discusses the effect of financial literacy and automatic investment technology on intention to invest in the capital market during the early pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research population was students studying economics and finance in institutions located in Yogyakarta Special Region Province. The sample of 384 respondents was obtained through questionnaires distributed online. To test the impact of financial literacy and automatic investment technology on intention to participate in the capital market, multiple linear regression was used.Research findings: The researchers found that financial literacy and automatic investment technology affected students’ intention to invest in the capital market. The number of students with a moderate level of financial literacy score dominated, followed by the students with low and high literacy scores. Besides, students’ background in economic and finance appeared inadequate to solely determine the financial literacy score.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This paper contributes to the investment area, especially related to the automatic investment technology “Robo advisor,” that is still rarely studied yet, which will be a significant issue in the future. It also provides empirical results, which explain the investment intention through financial literacy. Moreover, this study was conducted during the massive growth of investors in Indonesia during the pandemic.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study provides a useful reference to the financial sector, especially the capital market. Inclusive programs regarding financial literacy should be expanded for wider society to enhance their knowledge and dismiss lack of confidence in capital market participation. Private sectors providing automatic investment technology are suggested to continue developing a more convenient application to be accessible by a broader range of society.Research limitation/Implication: The research included only students as the sample; hence, further research may use a larger area of the sample with various backgrounds and ages. Other determinants, such as norms, environment, risk, and more advanced financial literacy measurement, can also be added to enrich future studies and literature.

Testing the Mediating Role of Career Development in Affecting Intellectual Capital and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance: Evidence of Local Banks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Research aims: This study aims to examine the role of career development in mediating the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational culture on employee performance.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a proportional stratified random sampling method with 126 permanent employees of local banks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as research respondents. The respondents included Head Office, Main Branch Office, and Senopati Branch Office. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire, and the secondary data were in the form of data or documents that supported and strengthened the primary information from books, magazines, journals, and other documents. Then, the analytical tool utilized in this study was SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) to test the research hypotheses.Research findings: The results showed that intellectual capital and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on career development and performance, but career development had no positive and significant effect on performance. Meanwhile, career development could not mediate the effect of intellectual capital and organizational culture on performance.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study results contribute to the literature (body of knowledge), especially as additional discussion toward theory and literature related to intellectual capital, organizational culture, career development, and performance in local banks, which is still very limited.

The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanism on Intellectual Capital Disclosure of High IC-Intensive Companies in Indonesia and Malaysia

Research aims: This study examines the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, such as board size, CEO duality, number of the audit committee, board gender, and family ownership, on intellectual capital disclosures.Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample study was high intellectual capital (IC)-intensive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stock during 2017-2018.Research findings: For Indonesia, the results revealed that the number of the audit committee and board size had a positive and significant effect on intellectual capital disclosures. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, the results showed that audit committees had a positive and significant effect on intellectual capital disclosures.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study adds literature on the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on intellectual capital disclosure of high IC-intensive companies in the development of the country context.

Corporate Board Diversity and Sustainability Reporting: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia Before and During COVID-19

Research aims: This study aims to investigate how the influence of board diversity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers used purposive sampling method. The research sample was 70 companies in the pre-pandemic period and 52 companies during the pandemic with the following criteria: all companies in Indonesia listed on the IDX that published complete sustainability reports and annual reports. In testing the hypotheses, multiple linear regression analysis was employed.Research findings: The presence of board diversity affected sustainability reporting in the pre-pandemic period, but during the pandemic, it did not affect the sustainability report disclosure.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study is empirical evidence regarding the comparison of the effect of the presence of board diversity before the pandemic and during the pandemic.Research limitation/Implication: The sample period during the pandemic was still too short. As known that the initial COVID-19 pandemic entered Indonesia was in 2020, so the researchers experienced limited data regarding sustainability reports during the pandemic.

Fraud Pentagon and Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Evidence from Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia and Malaysia

Research aims: This study aims to examine the influence of fraud pentagon concept on fraudulent financial reporting.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study’s population was manufacturingcompanies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stock Exchange. 120 manufacturing companies in Indonesia and 118 manufacturing companies in Malaysia were involved as samples. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression.Research findings: The results showed that financial target, financial stability, quality of external auditor, external pressure, and nature of industry variables influenced fraudulent financial reporting. In contrast, personal financial need, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, change in director, and frequent number of CEO’s pictures variables had no effect on fraudulent financial reporting. For Indonesia, it was found that financial target, financial stability, and the quality of external auditor influenced fraudulent financial reporting. While, in Malaysia, the results showed that financial stability, external pressure, and nature of industry variables influenced fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia.Theoretical contribution/Originality: These results support the financial target and quality of external auditor hypothesis in Indonesia, financial stability hypothesis in Indonesia and Malaysia, external pressure and nature of industry hypotheses in Malaysia, stating that fraud pentagon factors affect fraudulent financial reporting. It is also proved that there are different levels of fraudulent financial reporting in Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia has fraudulent financial reporting cases higher than Malaysia.

The Effect of Board and Ownership Structure on the Possibility of Financial Distress

Research aims: This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance, specifically relating to the ownership structure and board structure, on the possibility of financial distress.Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample used in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015 to 2019, excluding the financial industry. Conditional logistic regression is used as the study uses paired data based on the total assets of the company.Research findings: The results of this study indicate that board ownership, independent commissioners, and the board of directors can increase the likelihood of financial distress. On the other hand, institutional ownership and concentrated ownership are proven to have no effect on the likelihood of financial distress. The results of sensitivity testing using logistic regression showed different results on the variable institutional ownership, which is that institutional ownership can increase the likelihood of financial distress. Meanwhile, the other variables showed the same outcome as the main regression used in this study.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the knowledge on the relationship of board ownership, institutional ownership, concentrated ownership, independent commissioners and board size and the possibility of financial distress. Also, this research found that the provision of incentives in the form of shares to the board may not be an effective way to overcome financial distress in Indonesian firms.

Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Performance, and Corporate Reputation as the Mediating Role: Indonesian Context

Research aims: This study aims to provide new empirical evidence regarding CSR practices and their impacts on firm performance and corporate reputation in the context of a developing country region, namely Indonesia.Design/Methodology/Approach This research samples were 70 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with five years of observation. This study used secondary data, which already exists and was obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange's official website. Also, Partial Least Square was employed to test the hypothesis's parameter estimates.Research findings: The results revealed that CSR disclosure could improve firm performance but could not increase corporate reputation. Thus, companies that carry out CSR activities and pay attention to stakeholders mean that they (employees, customers, suppliers, investors, etc.) will contribute to the company’s economic performance. The results of this study also uncovered that the level of investor awareness of corporate reputation was still low. Investors were only oriented to short-term investments and did not care about the long-term viability of the company. It showed that corporate reputation did not fully mediate the relationship between CSR disclosure and company performance.Theoretical contribution/Originality: As this study develops scientific research in the fields of CSR, corporate performance, and corporate reputation as the mediating role, the findings of this research support the stakeholder theory that a company not only increases profits but also should be accountable to all stakeholders. Besides, corporate reputation partially mediated the relationship between CSR and firm performance. It indicated that in Indonesia, concern for corporate reputation was still low.

An Analysis of the Scope Variations in Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Perspectives of Indonesian State Universities

Research aims: This study aims to examine and analyze the differences in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities.Design/Methodology/Approach: The data comprises all state universities listed in 4ICU (4 International Colleges University) in 2020. To analyze the data, the researchers used content analysis and the independent sample t-test. This study used three indicators (location, number of applicants, and number of study programs) to analyze the differences in intellectual capital disclosure between state universities in Indonesia.Research findings: The study results show scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure based on location and number of applicants. However, based on the number of study programs, no variation was found.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities, especially regarding the indicators such as study programs and locations, is a rare topic of study. It is compelling and requires further study.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study is potentially relevant to academicians, researchers, and stakeholders. By analyzing the scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities using three indicators, this study provides insight on the importance of delivering information about universities to the public to improve credibility and attract more applicants.

A Critical Review of Statement of Government Accounting Standard (SGAS) Regarding Accounting for Investment

Research aims: This article aims to provide a critical review of the Statement of Government Accounting Standard (SGAS) of Indonesia regarding Accounting for Investment (2016 Revision)Design/Methodology/Approach: This article is a critical review, which criticism seen from a philosophical and theoretical point of view.Research findings: There are five issues that need improvement so that SGAS Accounting for Investment becomes better. The five issues are the definition of government investment that is not in line with the vision of government organizations, inconsistency between investment definition and accounting treatment of investment proceeds, lack of comprehensive accounting treatment for negative investment value, inconsistency between investment definition and disclosure terms, inaccuracy of diction or grammar choice, and incomplete glossary.Theoretical contribution/Originality: the arguments presented in this article can be used by scholars who focus on government accounting to develop a theory of government accounting.Practitioner/Policy implication: Findings of this study can be inputs for the Government Accounting Standard Committee (GASC) to improve government accounting standards in Indonesia, especially SGAS of Accounting for Investment.

The Role of Organization Strategy and Management Accounting Innovations on Cost Performance: The Case of Higher Eduaction Institutions

Research aims: This study aims to examine the effect of strategy and management accounting innovations on cost performance of private Higher Education institutions (HEIs). Also, this study examines the management accounting innovations as mediating variable.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is quantitative research with a survey approach. This study is conducted by involving HEIs located in several provinces in Sumatera Island, Indonesia, covering West Sumatra, Riau, Riau Archipelago and Jambi. The research respondents are head of the HEI finance department. Data analysis uses Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square approach (SEM-PLS).Research findings: The results show that strategy and management accounting innovations have a positive direct effect on cost performance. However, management accounting innovations is not able to be mediating variable.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to research areas related to strategy, management accounting innovations and cost performance in HEI sector.Practitioner/Policy implication: Effectiveness and efficiency in managing HEI funds requires a strategy and management accounting innovations.Limitation/ Implication: The research only includes HEI located in the areas of West Sumatra, Riau, Riau Archipelago, and Jambi.