Under The Sun’s Flag, on The Edge of Tangerang City: History of the Establishment of the College and Branch Leaders Muhammadiyah Pasar Kemis, Tangerang Regency

Muhammadiyah has been known as an organization engaged in education and social affairs. In its work, since it was founded by KH Ahmad Dahlan in 1912, Muhammadiyah has been active in both fields while spreading its wings throughout the archipelago. One of these 'wings' was developed in Pasar Kemis, a sub-district located in Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. In this sub-district, Muhammadiyah is actively expanding its work in the field of education and social activities. This paper aims to examine the role of Muhammadiyah in the Pasar Kemis District and the dynamics of its history and movement in this sub-district. Moreover, it seeks to describe the influence of the emergence of the Muhammadiyah organization in Pasar Kemis Sub-district, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. Archives, documents, notes, photos, and various decrees from internal organizations, individuals to the Tangerang Regency Government were dissected and reviewed. The result obtained is Muhammadiyah organization has advantages that seem very difficult to imitate by other organizations, including NU. More precisely, it is about tangible evidence to the public. This is manifested in various Muhammadiyah charities such as schools, hospitals, zakat institutions (LAZIS-MU), universities to universities, and others. The business charity was established and run not for business for its members but for the community. The typical Muhammadiyah business charity is different from corporations or private foundations, which are usually owned by individuals or a handful of groups (oligarchy).

Metacognition Explains the Gender Differences in Digital Reading Performance: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis

Gender differences in reading have become a heated topic, and a reoccurring pattern of results is that girls outperform boys significantly. As digital reading prevails, the discrepancies in digital reading between girls and boys are also prominent. For the purpose of exploring the reason why boys lag behind in terms of digital reading performance and therefore unveil the underlying mechanism in improving students' digital reading literacy, this study used multilevel mediation analysis to investigate whether students' metacognition, i.e., metacognition of understanding, remembering, summarizing and assessing credibility, explain the gender differences in digital reading performance. This study adopted Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), launched by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as the data source. Results of 12,058 samples from 361 schools in China showed that their better achievement in metacognition significantly mediated girls' excelling performance in digital reading. Pedagogical implementations focusing on metacognition were given to render help for both genders in digital reading performance.

Encouragement and Contracting Factors for Implementation of Dynamic Village Institutional Program and Adaptive Culture in Minahasa Tenggara District

One of the programs of the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia based on sustainable development (Sustainable Development Goals) globally which consists of 17 goals which are then added one point as a foothold for the community, namely a dynamic village institutional program and adaptive culture that involves the local government as a working partner. The program of dynamic village institutions and adaptive culture aims at village development that is based on the cultural roots of the local community with the intention that everything built on a cultural basis will have extraordinary resilience and have good deterrence. This study uses Edwards III theory by considering four indicators as a factor in implementing public policies consisting of: Communication, Resources, Implementing Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. Factors that are considered as supporting factors in the implementation of the dynamic village institutional program and adaptive culture in Southeast Minahasa Regency are communication and the disposition of the implementer. Factors that are considered as inhibiting factors in the implementation of dynamic village institutional programs and adaptive culture in Southeast Minahasa Regency are resources and bureaucratic structure. Human and financial resources need to be improved. It is necessary to make standard operating procedures specifically for dynamic village institutional programs and an adaptive culture that has a clear position base in carrying out the program.

The Politics of Gender Representation in Charles Bukowski’s Poetry: Between Ambivalence and Misogyny

The German poet and novelist Charles Bukowski has always been surrounded with controversy throughout his life. However, interestingly, it is his politics of gender representation that mostly triggers feminists and researchers together to condemn him for being misogynist, showcasing a degrading image of female characters in his prose writings. The latter genre is seemingly insufficient to directly accuse Bukowski and his literary works of misogyny. While some of his novels attest to a demeaning yet controversial representation of women, his poetry offers a nuanced version wherein heterogeneous portrayal of women becomes prevalent and therefore allowing the space for readers to encounter poems with an amalgamation of positive representations of women—being independent and intellectual. Because the misogynistic representation in Bukowski’s works is open to various interpretations, rushing into a compilation of hateful judgments concerning the author himself lacks justification and argument. In line with this background, the present paper discusses the limitations of the conclusions drawn with regard to Bukowski’s gender politics, arguing that there is a space in-between worth exploring in his literary works. Through a close reading method of textual analysis, the paper concentrates on selected poems from Bukowski’s collection Love is a Dog from Hell (1977) in order to contrast the positive and negative depiction of women. The paper, in other words, strives to bring into question the extent to which misogyny and ambivalence take roles in Bukowski’s gender representation of the female characters. The analysis undertaken has revealed significant results, in which Bukowski’s poetry comes to expose a more ambivalent and realistic approach towards gender—a reading which is highly needed in order to consider the different perspectives and possible interpretations of an author’s work before limiting it, or the author in person, to a set of stereotypical judgment.

Language and Culture in Intercultural Communication

Language is probably the best way of conveying a culture, both oral and written, in human societies. Language, written or oral, plays an essential role in developing a form of social knowledge, which is common sense thought, socially developed and shared by members of the same social or cultural characteristics. This common knowledge is sometimes called a social representation. Through language, man assimilates culture, perpetuates it or transforms it. Nevertheless, like every language, each culture implements a specific apparatus of symbols with which each society identifies. Culture is defined as the body of knowledge and behavior that characterizes a human society or a human group within a society. Different languages are necessary in order to preserve things such as culture; heritage and getting people from different cultures to dialogue may require intercultural mediation. These intercultural communications can be regarded as translation. Therefore, the relationship between language and culture is rather complex. Our article will discuss the relation between language and culture in intercultural communication which is translation in our case. Many ideas will be presented with examples to prove that language and culture are two faces to one coin. This research shows that language and culture are not competitors and not interdependent but complete each other.

Truth in Nietzsche’s and Dostoevsky’s Philosophy: A Comparative Study

The German philosopher Fredrick Nietzsche is one of the most significant thinkers whose work immensely impacted modern intellectual history. Likewise, the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky is an influential figure whose philosophy and contribution to literature is also huge. However, there are common grounds that these two prominent figures share, especially with the fact that they were contemporaries and influenced each other. The aim of this paper is to explore the connection between Nietzsche and Dostoevsky in terms of the concept of truth. Nietzsche’s concept of ‘perspectivism’, which he proposes in some of his works, will be linked to Dostoevsky’s novel Notes from Underground to show how these two prominent figures share a common ground in this respect.

The Orthodox Dichotomy between the Secular and Islamic Feminisms in Moroccan Young Activists

There has been an ongoing interest in youth activism in recent decades, especially in western countries where youth organizations and associations are very common in schools and colleges. Heather Lewis-Charp et al. confirm that although there is an increasing interest in youth political engagement, there are very few empirical studies on the subject matter (Shawn Ginwright 2006, 22). This lack of research applies to the issue of youth activism and political engagement not just in Morocco, but across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In the wake of the so-called Arab spring, the focus on youth political engagement and activism grew, given the important role of youth and other marginalized communities – especially women – in protests around the region. In Morocco, a large number of the protesters in the February 20th movement were young people; of these, many were actively associated with feminist organizations and work. This is in contrast to the continued association between feminist activism in Morocco and older generations. This chapter will start by sketching a history of feminist movements and organizations in Morocco and will follow with a discussion of recent activist work by two prominent activists, Zineb Fasiki and Youssef Gherradi.

What is Behind the Bodice (Choli Ki Pichhe)? Narratives of Simulacra, Rape, Forced Whoredom: A Critical Analysis of Mahasweta Devi’s Behind the Bodice

Media is not a charitable organization rather a profitable institution. Media often fails to publish important national issues and success to publish the non-issues for escalating the mercantile gains. Interestingly, media often adopts simulation, simulacra, hyper-reality to printed or digitalized news applying their unethical de-realization or yellow journalism. I, therefore, theoretically and thematically will show in my paper how this paid journalism and unethical media using a false representation of Gangor’s breast doomed her life. This ‘Simulacrum’ gives birth of narratives of violence, gang rape, and forced prostitution in Mahasweta Devi’s story Behind the Bodice. Jean Baudrillard defines ‘Simulacra’ as something that replaces reality with its false representation. According to him, it refers the false reality of the image and misrepresentation of true reality actually. In the story Behind the Bodice, Gangor’s breast feeding of her child is a natural phenomenon. But this true reality, ‘save the breast’ (simulacra) is represented with erotic code which sells abroad by Upin Puri at huge prices. This ace-photographer exhibited the nakedness of India to the West for his journalistic prosperity. His false representations of Gangor’s breasts germinate the tales of violence, eviction, male gaze, narratives of forced prostitution and finally, a tragic doom. I will highlight in my paper how this subject is appreciated by then. On the other hand, ‘Behind the Bodice’ introduces the narrative of simulacra, rape and forced whoredom by the power, politics and apparatus of the repressive state.

Solo woman travel in Nepal: A study of Swo-Yatra

This paper, qualitative in nature, aims to explore the experience of solo woman travellers who were selected in solo travel challenge of Swo-Yatra. For the study purpose, 15 solo female travellers among 50 have been studied in terms of diverse identities, destinations and challenges they faced during their solo trips. There are several difficulties within the gender stereotypes in the Nepalese social structure. Women have not stopped travelling solo; rather, more solo women travellers are participating in the challenge. Despite various limitations, the fragments of their experiences are worthwhile to initiate the narratives of self-discovery and inner freedom of women in Nepal.