scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing archaea have similar power requirements in diverse marine oxic sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhao ◽  
José M. Mogollón ◽  
Desiree L. Roerdink ◽  
Ingunn H. Thorseth ◽  
Ingeborg Økland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Order Estimate ◽  
Deep Biosphere ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Matter Flux

AbstractEnergy/power availability is regarded as one of the ultimate controlling factors of microbial abundance in the deep biosphere, where fewer cells are found in habitats of lower energy availability. A critical assumption driving the proportional relationship between total cell abundance and power availability is that the cell-specific power requirement keeps constant or varies over smaller ranges than other variables, which has yet to be validated. Here we present a quantitative framework to determine the cell-specific power requirement of the omnipresent ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in eight sediment cores with 3–4 orders of magnitude variations of organic matter flux and oxygen penetration depth. Our results show that despite the six orders of magnitude variations in the rates and power supply of nitrification and AOA abundances across these eight cores, the cell-specific power requirement of AOA from different cores and depths overlaps within the narrow range of 10−19–10−17 W cell−1, where the lower end may represent the basal power requirement of microorganisms persisting in subseafloor sediments. In individual cores, AOA also exhibit similar cell-specific power requirements, regardless of the AOA population size or sediment depth/age. Such quantitative insights establish a relationship between the power supply and the total abundance of AOA, and therefore lay a foundation for a first-order estimate of the standing stock of AOA in global marine oxic sediments.

scholarly journals Unlike-Pole Inductor Generator with Electrically Integrated Armature and Excitation Windings for the Power Supply Systems of Passenger Cars / RADIĀLAS IEROSMES INDUKTORĢENERATORS AR ELEKTRISKI APVIENOTIEM ENKURA UN IEROSMES TINUMIEM PASAŽIERU VAGONU ELEKTROAPGĀDES SISTĒMAI

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Levin ◽  
E. Kamolins ◽  
V. Pugachev
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

Substantial improvement of the undercar inductor generator used for supplying power to passenger cars is achievable through increasing its specific power, reliability, reparability, and decreasing the cost of its manufacturing. It is proposed to integrate electrically the armature and excitation windings of the generator thus considerably simplifying its design while reducing its mass and consumption of non-ferrous metals. To gain these advantages a test prototypal generator was made and bench-tested. The results of tests show that a 1.5-fold mass reduction is achievable along with good technical-economic indices of the generator.

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for the EPS with Hybrid Power Supply Based on PSO Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Bin Tang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Haobin Jiang ◽  
Yinqiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Hybrid Power

The traditional vehicle power supply is unable to meet the power requirement of electric power steering system (EPS) in heavy-duty vehicles at low speeds. A novel EPS with hybrid power supply (HP-EPS) is constructed in this paper, and a new optimized rule-based energy management strategy of hybrid power supply system is designed. The strategy determines the power distribution of the vehicle power supply (VPS) and super capacitor (SC), as well as the charging or discharging of SC. Furthermore, to minimize the output current fluctuation of the VPS, the optimization model of parameters in the strategy is established and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the rules in the energy management strategy. The verification for the designed energy management strategy is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and results show that the output current peak of VPS decreases by 33% and its fluctuation depresses significantly. In addition, the SC is charged timely and fast, which is beneficial to guarantee enough state of charge (SOC) of SC. In conclusion, the optimized rule-based energy management strategy used for the HP-EPS system can meet the current requirement of EPS and effectively reduce the peak and fluctuation of the VPS output current.

scholarly journals Technology for reducing the consumption and losses of electrical energy in the power supply systems of railway consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Vasily Cheremisin ◽  
Yury Demin ◽  
Alexander Komyakov ◽  
Vladimir Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

The paper is devoted to the development of technology for reducing the consumption and losses of electrical energy of railway transport enterprises on the basis of the concept of “smart enterprise”. A design solution to the monitoring and management system for energy efficiency indicators was proposed; monitored parameters and influencing factors were determined. The application of the simulation model in the MATLAB/Simulink program for determining the set values of the monitored system parameters, namely, power losses and power factor depending on the influencing factors, is considered. The approximating equation is obtained. Specific power losses were calculated for various control options.

scholarly journals IODP workshop: developing scientific drilling proposals for the Argentina Passive Volcanic Continental Margin (APVCM) – basin evolution, deep biosphere, hydrates, sediment dynamics and ocean evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Roger D. Flood ◽  
Roberto A. Violante ◽  
Thomas Gorgas ◽  
Ernesto Schwarz ◽  
Jens Grützner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Deep Biosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program

Abstract. The Argentine margin contains important sedimentological, paleontological and chemical records of regional and local tectonic evolution, sea level, climate evolution and ocean circulation since the opening of the South Atlantic in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous as well as the present-day results of post-depositional chemical and biological alteration. Despite its important location, which underlies the exchange of southern- and northern-sourced water masses, the Argentine margin has not been investigated in detail using scientific drilling techniques, perhaps because the margin has the reputation of being erosional. However, a number of papers published since 2009 have reported new high-resolution and/or multichannel seismic surveys, often combined with multi-beam bathymetric data, which show the common occurrence of layered sediments and prominent sediment drifts on the Argentine and adjacent Uruguayan margins. There has also been significant progress in studying the climatic records in surficial and near-surface sediments recovered in sediment cores from the Argentine margin. Encouraged by these recent results, our 3.5-day IODP (International Ocean Discovery Program) workshop in Buenos Aires (8–11 September 2015) focused on opportunities for scientific drilling on the Atlantic margin of Argentina, which lies beneath a key portion of the global ocean conveyor belt of thermohaline circulation. Significant opportunities exist to study the tectonic evolution, paleoceanography and stratigraphy, sedimentology, and biosphere and geochemistry of this margin.

scholarly journals Energetic Performances Booster for Electric Vehicle Applications Using Transient Power Control and Supercapacitors-Batteries/Fuel Cell

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Ismail Oukkacha ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane Sarr ◽  
Mamadou Baïlo Camara ◽  
Brayima Dakyo ◽  
Jean Yves Parédé
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Electric Power Supply

In this paper, a hybrid electric power supply system for an electric vehicle (EV) is investigated. The study aims to reduce electric stress on the main energy source (fuel cell) and boost energetic performances using energy sources with high specific power (supercapacitors, batteries) for rapid traction chain solicitations such as accelerations, decelerations, and braking operations. The multisource EV power supply system contains a fuel cell stack, a lithium batteries module, and a supercapacitors (Sc) pack. In order to emulate the EV energy demand (wheels, weight, external forces, etc.), a bidirectional load based on a reversible current DC-DC converter was used. Fuel cell (Fc) stack was interfaced by an interleaved boost converter. Batteries and the Sc pack were coupled to the DC point of coupling via buck/boost converters. Paper contribution was firstly concentrated on the distribution of energy and power between onboard energy sources in consonance with their dynamic characteristics (time response). Second contribution was based on a new Sc model, which takes into consideration the temperature and the DC current ripples frequency until 1000 Hz. Energy management strategy (EMS) was evaluated by simulations and reduced scale experimental tests. The used driving cycle was the US Federal Test Procedure known as FTP-75.

scholarly journals Remote Control, Protection and Monitoring of Pump for Agricultural Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Neetika Sengar ◽  
Arun Parakh
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Phase Sequence ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Input Phase

With the increasing pressure on our natural resources and diminishing soil quality, there is a need to make better efforts to conserve them. This project aims to help control the irrigation in a small field. The motor pump set equipped at the field is prone to a variety of operational issues like Power Quality issues, Reverse run of the pump, Irregular Power Supply. Using an ATMEGA Microcontroller equipped with GSM Module for connectivity, this model is able to provide the user with remote control for the motor pump set equipped at his field. Additionally, this model comes with protection schemes for detection of Input Phase Sequence Supply and protection against Over Voltage and Over Current. This system aims to reduce the man power requirement in the field by providing remote or at home control of the pump set applied on the field with cost effective and easy control which can be used by unskilled operators as well.

scholarly journals Accounting of the magnetic field of the power supply system of a power-capacitive technical object

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Tarlanov ◽  
Z. M. Kurbanismailov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Magnetic Field Vector ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The paper shows the approach and the result of taking into account the mutual influence of on-board subsystems of a complex technical object along the DC power supply circuits. Technical objects are understood as a mobile, energy-intensive vehicle, such as an aircraft, a surface or submarine vessel, or a railway locomotive with strong magnetic fields. The aim of the work is to create a simple and intuitive tool for mathematical modeling of the magnetic field vector at an arbitrarily specified observation point. The task is being solved in order to improve the accuracy of magnetic measurements on board, in particular, in navigation problems. On-board DC networks are considered, to which the approach of mathematical modeling is applied. The disadvantages of commercial programs of a similar purpose are noted. The binding of the objects under consideration to the general coordinate system is described. An analytical algorithm for calculating the magnetic field vector from the on-board cable network with a pronounced 3D trajectory is shown. Examples of visualization of the simulation results are given. An algorithm for calculating the induction vector based on the Biot-Savard law is considered. The algorithm for the analytical solution of the problem is described in detail. A specific power cable of the on-board network is considered. The cable is given by a set of straight conductors with current. The ways of future improvement of the created product with the transition from one observation point to the field map in a given three-dimensional zone of arbitrary position, volume and orientation are outlined. The obtained result is considered as an element of the procedure for achieving electromagnetic compatibility of energy-intensive and highly sensitive subsystems of a modern complex technical object.

A Comparison of Mechanical and Energetic Estimates of Flight Cost for Hovering Sphinx Moths

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY M. CASEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Flight Mechanics ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Specific Power Input

Mechanical power output, based on measured power input, is compared with calculated values for aerodynamic and inertial power output in sphinx moths ranging from 350 to 3400 mg. Aerodynamic power output, calculated from momentum and blade-element aerodynamic theories, scales with the 1.08 power of body mass, amounting to about 40% of the mechanical power output of large moths to about 15% in the smallest individuals. Calculated value for the inertial power cost of hovering represents a larger fraction of the mechanical power output than the aerodynamic cost in all moths, with the value increasing as body mass decreases. Independent estimates of inertial power output based on metabolic data are similar to those obtained from calculations of the moment of inertia for the wings. These data suggest that inertial power output represents the largest power requirement for hovering sphinx moths, and that elastic torques do not significantly reduce the mechanical power output. Higher mass-specific power input of small sphinx moths appears to be the result of greater mass-specific inertial power requirements. Estimates of flight cost based on morphology and flight mechanics of sphinx moths yield values for mechanical power output which are similar to values estimated from their flight metabolism.

scholarly journals A Ultra Low Power 12 Bit Successive Approximation Register for Bio-Medical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.16) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Successive Approximation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Clock Gating ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Successive Approximation Register

Successive Approximation Register (SAR) analog to digital Converters (ADC) is favorable choice for the high resolution. As resolution of ADC increases, the no. of redundant cycles increases which increases power. So the Paper presents clock gated ADC with no redundant cycles/transition cycles for low power requirement and comparison between without Clock Gating and Clock Gated SAR. Using Simulation, Power consumption for Clock gated SAR 736.1nW at 1.8V power supply where as without Clock Gating SAR consumption is 54µW at 1.8 power supply.  

Design of Nozzle-Less Radial Inflow Gas Turbine for Small Capacity (20 kW) Gas Turbine Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan S. Mistry ◽  
S. A. Channiwala
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Compact Size

In recent years, looking to the advantages of radial inflow gas turbine much research is focused in this area. The various applications like auxiliary drives in aircraft engine and automobile application where very high speed, compact size and greater specific power are the prime requirements, radial inflow is there by choice. The present work for the design of nozzle-less radial inflow turbine begins with power requirement of 20 kW, the parameters like temperature; pressure and mass flow rate required for the design are obtained from the detailed gas turbine cycle analysis. Based on the available data from cycle analysis initially preliminary design of rotor was developed, from the available loss models the efficiency of the turbine was found. The preliminary design provides the leading dimensions of the rotor with inlet and exit conditions. The objective of most designs will be to maximize the efficiency and/or to develop the compact size. After completion of the preliminary design of turbine, it was felt necessary to optimized the result for best efficiency accordingly an analytical study was undertaken to study the influence of different parameters like inlet absolute Mach number, relative exit Mach number, solidity, relative velocity ratio and hub to shroud radius ratio on efficiency. VISUAL BASIC program is developed to study the effect of different parameters on efficiency. From the detailed loss analysis the selection of these parameters can be made to achieve optimum performance. It is believed that present work will provide necessary guidelines for the optimal design of radial inflow gas turbine.

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