A Comparison of Analytical Predictions With Experimental Measurements of Transmission Error of Misaligned Loaded Gears

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Vinayak ◽  
Donald R. Houser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error

Abstract This paper deals with the experimental study of dynamic transmission error of a gear pair. Two aspects of the experiment are discussed : 1) design of the test facility and data acquisition system and 2) comparison of transmission error and load distribution with experimental data. Several gears were tested under varying misalignments. A prediction program LDP (Load distribution Program) was used for theoretical calculations of dynamic transmission error.

Development of an Analytical Model for the Static and Dynamic Transmission Error Calculation: Validation on a Single Vehicle Gear Vibration Test Bench

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Cricenti ◽  
Claus-Hermann Lang ◽  
Domenico Paradiso
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
Very High

Abstract Automotive companies are being challenged when they seek to guarantee very high quality and reliability levels for their products. Customers may complain about comfort and various other concerns such as noise generated by a certain component. Analytical, numerical simulation and testing are used to understand how certain modifications to the product can affect the excited noise level. This paper presents an analytical approach used in order to predict noise levels coming from an engaged vehicle gear pair. This is done by evaluating the static and dynamic transmission error with load distribution on the teeth engaged for the different values of micro-geometric teeth modifications. Comparing the analytical and experimental results shows that both factors can be extremely linked with noise generated by two mating gears.

Recent Progress and Prospect on Tooth Modification of Involute Cylindrical Gear

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Han ◽  
Yang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Power Transmission Systems ◽  
Tooth Modification

Background: Recent reviews on tooth modification of involute cylindrical gear are presented. Gear pairs are widely employed in motion and power transmission systems. Manufacturing and assembling errors of gear parts, time-varying mesh stiffness and transmission error of gear pair, usually induce vibration, noise, non-uniformly load distribution and stress concentration, resulting in earlier failure of gear. Tooth modification is regarded as one of the most popular ways to suppress vibration, reduce noise level, and improve load distribution of gear pairs. Objective: To provide an overview of recent research and patents on tooth modification method and technology. Methods: This article reviews related research and patents on tooth modification. The modification method, evaluation, optimization and machining technology are introduced. Results: Three types of modifications are compared and analyzed, and influences of each on both static and dynamic performances of gear pair are concluded. By summarizing a number of patents and research about tooth modification of cylindrical gears, the current and future development of research and patent are also discussed. Conclusion: Tooth modification is classified into tip or root relief along tooth profile, lead crown modification along tooth width and compound modification. Each could be applied in different ways. In view of design, optimization under given working condition to get optimal modification parameters is more practical. Machining technology and device for modified gear is a key to get high quality performance of geared transmission. More patents on tooth modification should be invented in future.

Analysis of Gear Noise and Dynamic Transmission Error Measurements

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error

Measurements of dynamic transmission error (DTE) and noise have been performed on a truck gearbox. The DTE is related to the dynamic properties of the complete gear system. To investigate the coupling between noise and DTE, the correlation between noise and DTE is calculated for fixed speeds, as the torque is increased. The highest correlation is found for the low split gear pair, which is located closest to the gearbox housing. When the correlation is low, one of the reasons can be a resonance of the shafts, although not all resonances effect the correlation between noise and DTE. The DTE is also compared to calculated static TE for the gear teeth. Both the DTE and noise for the fifth gear increases as the torque is increased. The calculated static TE shows the opposite trend and decreases as the torque is increased.

scholarly journals Model and Characteristic Simulation Analysis of a Two-Speed Transmission System

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-191
Author(s):  
Zhigang Chen ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Zhihui Liu ◽  
Hongzhi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Excitation Frequencies ◽  
The One

One of the main tasks in the research of a helicopter two-speed transmission system was to improve its dynamic characteristics. For the low gear mode of the system, a dynamic model was established by using the lumped parameter method, the method of Runge-Kutta was used to solve the nonlinear dynamic system equations. The effect of the gear module on the dynamic transmission error, dynamic load of the gear pair and the dynamic windup angle of a one-way clutch were studied. And the effect of the one-way clutch torsional stiffness on the dynamic transmission error and dynamic load of the gear pair was also studied. The results show that: 1)~the dynamic transmission error of the gear pair decreases and the dynamic load of the gear pair increases with the increase of the gear module at the lower range of excitation frequencies; 2)~the dynamic windup angle of the one-way clutch increases with an increase of the gear module. 3)~the dynamic transmission error of the gear pair and the maximum dynamic load increases with an increase of the one-way clutch torsional stiffness at the lower and medium range of excitation frequencies. The above results can provide reference for the subsequent upgrade and improvement of the two-speed transmission system.

Reliability sensitivity analysis of tooth modification on dynamic transmission error of helical planetary gears

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (19) ◽  
pp. 3903-3918
Author(s):  
Zhang Jun ◽  
Tang Wei-min ◽  
Chen Qin ◽  
Chen Tao
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Planetary Gear Train ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Tooth Modification ◽  
Meshing Characteristics

As one of the most influential factors leading to gear vibrations, transmission errors of the engaging gears must be controlled to achieve a desirable dynamic performance for a power transmission system. It is well known that tooth modification is an effective way to reduce the fluctuations of the transmission error of a gear pair. The challenge is determining how to establish a quantitative relationship between the tooth modification parameters and the transmission error fluctuations of a gear pair. The present study aims to reveal the sensitivity of the tooth modification parameters on the transmission error fluctuations of a helical planetary gear train in a wind turbine gearbox. For this purpose, a sophisticated parametric three-dimensional contact model that included the micro-geometries of the tooth modification is developed in the ROMAX® environment. Based on this model, a loaded tooth contact analysis is carried out to compute the meshing characteristics, such as the contact pressure and transmission error of each gear pair in the planetary gear train. With the obtained meshing characteristics, the tooth modification amounts of the engaging gears were determined using empirical formulas. These modification amounts are designated as the mean values of the samples generated by the central composite method. After repeating the loaded tooth contact analysis process for each generated sample, a quadratic polynomial function is derived using the response surface method to describe the quantitative relationship between the tooth modification parameters and the dynamic transmission error fluctuations. A large number of random samples are generated using a Monte Carlo method, and the corresponding dynamic transmission error fluctuations are determined with the aforementioned quadratic polynomial function. Based on these samples, a reliability sensitivity analysis is carried out to demonstrate the effects of the tooth modification parameters on the dynamic transmission error fluctuations of the helical planetary gear train.

Dynamic Transmission Error Prediction of Helical Gear Pair Under Sliding Friction Using Floquet Theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song He ◽  
Rajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear Pair

An analytical solution to the dynamic transmission error of a helical gear pair is developed by using a single-degree-of-freedom model with piecewise stiffness functions that characterize the contact plane dynamics and capture the velocity reversal at the pitch line. By assuming a constant mesh stiffness density along the contact lines, a linear time-varying model (with parametric excitations) is obtained, where the effect of sliding friction is quantified by an effective mesh stiffness term. The Floquet theory is then used to obtain closed-form solutions to the dynamic transmission error, and responses are derived to both initial conditions and the forced periodic function under a nominal preload. Analytical models are validated by comparing predictions with numerical simulations, and the effect of viscous damping is examined. Stability analysis is also briefly conducted by using the state transition matrix. Overall, the sliding friction has a marginal effect on the dynamic transmission error of helical gears, as compared with spur gears, in the context of the torsional model.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Random Spacing Errors on the Dynamic Transmission Error of Spur Gear Pairs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nevin Anandika ◽  
Ahmet Kahraman ◽  
David Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Noise and vibration performance of a gear system is critical in any engineering industry. Excessive vibrational amplitudes originated by the excitations at the gear meshes propagate to the transmission housing to cause noticeable noise, while also increasing gear tooth stresses to degrade durability. As such, gear designers must generate designs that are nominally quiet with low-vibration amplitudes. This implies a gear pair fabricated exactly to the specifications of its blue print will be acceptable for its vibration behavior. Achieving this, however, is not sufficient. As the manufacturing of gears require them to be subject to bands of tolerances afforded by the manufacturing processes employed, the designers must be concerned about variations to the performance of their presumably quite baseline designs within these tolerance bands. This research aims at demonstrating how one type of manufacturing error, random tooth spacing errors, alter the vibratory behavior of a spur gear pair. Two pairs of spur gears are tested for their dynamic transmission error performance. One gear pair with no tooth spacing errors form the baseline. The second gear pair contain an intentionally induced random sequence of spacing errors. The forced vibration responses of both gear pairs are compared within wide ranges of speed and torque. This comparison shows that there is a clear and significant impact of random spacing errors on spur gear dynamics, measurable through examination of their respective transmission error signatures. In the off-resonance regions of speed, vibration amplitudes of the random error pair are higher than the no-error baseline spur gear pair. Meanwhile, at or near resonance peaks, the presence of random spacing errors tends to lower the peak amplitudes slightly as compared to the no-error baseline spur gear pair. The presence of random spacing errors introduces substantial harmonic content that are non-mesh harmonics. This results in a broadband frequency spectrum in addition to an otherwise well-defined frequency spectrum with gear-mesh order components, pointing to an additional concern of noise quality.

Performance prediction of transonic axial multistage compressor based on one-dimensional meanline method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092199881
Author(s):  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Shijie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Blockage Factor ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
Work Done

This study proposes a 1D meanline program for the modeling of modern transonic axial multistage compressors. In this method, an improved blockage factor model is proposed. Work-done factor that varies with the compressor performance conditions is added in this program, and at the same time a notional blockage factor is kept. The coefficient of deviation angle model is tuned according to experimental data. In addition, two surge methods that originated from different sources are chosen to add in and compare with the new method called mass flow separation method. The salient issues presented here deal first with the construction of the compressor program. Three well-documented National Aerodynamics and Space Administration (NASA) axial transonic compressors are calculated, and the speedlines and aerodynamic parameters are compared with the experimental data to verify the reliability and robustness of the proposed method. Results show that consistent agreement can be obtained with such a performance prediction program. It was also apparent that the two common methods of surge prediction, which rely upon either stage or overall characteristic gradients, gave less agreement than the method called mass flow separation method.

The Compliance of Solid, Wide-Faced Spur Gears

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Line Load ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Theoretical Results

In this paper, the requirements for an accurate 3D model of the tooth contact-line load distribution in real spur gears are summarized. The theoretical results (obtained by F.E.M.) for the point load compliance of wide-faced spur gear teeth are set out. These values compare well with experimental data obtained from tests on a large spur gear (18 mm module, 18 teeth).

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