Biological control of Botrytis cinerea using the antagonistic and endophytic Burkholderia cepacia Cs5 for vine plantlet protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa Kilani-Feki ◽  
Samir Jaoua
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Self Defense

Antifungal activity of the Burkholderia cepacia Cs5 was tested in vitro and in vivo for the control of Botrytis cinerea . Bacterial biomass was significantly improved by the amendment of ZnSO4, Mo7(NH4)6O24, and mannitol to the NBY medium; consequently, the amount of the secreted fungicides was increased. The quantification of B. cinerea inhibition, in liquid and solid conditions, showed an important sensitivity of this fungus to the strain Cs5 fungicides. Microscopic monitoring impact of these fungicides on mycelium structure showed an important increase in their diameter and ramifications in the presence of 0.75% supernatant. For the in vivo application of the strain Cs5, Vitis vinifera plantlets were inoculated with a Cs5 bacterial suspension, then with B. cinerea spores. The plantlets protection was total and durable when these two inoculations were made 3 weeks apart, which is the time for the endophytic bacterium to colonize the plantlets up to the top leaves. This protection is due to Cs5 antagonism and the elicitation of the plantlets self-defense via the root overgrowth.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity and preliminary mechanism of cembratrien-diols against Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 112745
Author(s):  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shengnan Xie ◽  
Xiaolong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
In Vivo Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Native Vineyard Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Used for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea in Stored Table Grape

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Antonio Domenico Marsico ◽  
Matteo Velenosi ◽  
Rocco Perniola ◽  
Carlo Bergamini ◽  
Scott Sinonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Current Control ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Commercial Development

Postharvest spoilage fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, are considered the main cause of losses of fresh fruit quality and vegetables during storage, distribution, and consumption. The current control strategy is the use of SO2 generator pads whose application is now largely under observation. A high quantity of SO2 can be deleterious for fresh fruits and vegetables and it is not allowed in organic agriculture. For this reason, great attention has been recently focused on identifying Biological Control Agents (BCA) to implement biological approaches devoid of chemicals. In this direction, we carried out our study in isolating five different non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from local vineyards in the South of Italy as possible BCA. We performed both in vitro and in vivo assays in semi-commercial conditions on detached grape berries stored at 0 °C, simulating the temperature normally used during cold storage, and obtained relevant results. We isolated three M. pulcherrima strains and one L. thermotolerans strain able to largely antagonize the development of the B. cinerea, at both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In particular, we detected the ability of the three isolates of M. pulcherrima strains Ale4, N20/006, and Pr7 and the L. thermotolerans strain N10 to completely inhibit (100% in reduction) the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by producing fungistatic compounds. We found, using an extracellular lytic enzymes activity assay, that such activity could be related to lipid hydrolyzation, β-1,3-glucanase and pectinase activity, and pectinase and protease activity, depending on the yeasts used. Results from our in vitro assays allowed us to hypothesize for M. pulcherrima strains Ale4 and N20/006 a possible combination of both the production of soluble metabolites and volatile organic compounds to antagonize against B. cinerea growth. Moreover, in semi-commercial conditions, the M. pulcherrima strain N20/006 and L. thermotolerans strain N10 showed relevant antagonistic effect also at low concentrations (with a significantly reduction of ‘slip skin’ incidence of 86.4% and 72.7%, respectively), thus highlighting a peculiar property to use in commercial development for organic agriculture and the handling process.

scholarly journals New epiphytic yeasts able to reduce grey mold disease on apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheireddine Amina ◽  
Essghaier Badiâa ◽  
Hedi Abdeljabar ◽  
Sadfi-Zouaoui Cyrine Dhieb Najla
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Cryptococcus Flavescens

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is a predominant agent causing extensive postharvest and quality losses of apples in Tunisia and worldwide. Efforts to manage this disease have met with limited success. For this reason, the use of microorganism preparations to control fungal diseases as an alternative to fungicides became an urgent need. From a total of 60 epiphytic yeasts, 10 were assessed in vitro against B. cinerea and selected isolates showing antagonism were evaluated for their ability to suppress the grey mould in vivo. On Petri plates, the most promising strains (three strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, one Cryptococcus flavescens, and one Citeromyces matritensis) showed a zone of inhibition against the pathogen fungus not exceeding 10 mm. In vivo, these isolates showed a remarkable antifungal activity since they significantly reduced disease severity on apples from 63% to 95% compared to the control. In conclusion, the work has demonstrated that the three strains, L7 of Aureobasidium pullulans, L2 of Citeromyces matritensis, and L10 of Cryptococcus flavescens, were highly effective and can be used as potential biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of apples caused by B. cinerea.

Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Amina Tabet Zatla ◽  
Imane Mami ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Sifi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised. Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed. Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control. Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) exhibits antifungal activity in vivo and in vitro against Botrytis cinerea and mechanism involved

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 111270
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Jiao ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Qingmin Chen ◽  
Yamin Du ◽  
Youyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea

scholarly journals Potencial de extratos etanólicos de propólis e extratos aquosos de plantas espontâneas no controle de doenças pós-colheita do morango

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Jonas Marcelo Jaski ◽  
Gilmar Franzener
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Rhizopus Nigricans ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Control Water

<p>A cultura do morangueiro é severamente acometida por várias doenças, dentre elas o mofo cinzento, causado por <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> é considerada a doença mais severa na pós-colheita. Visando reduzir o uso de fungicidas sintéticos, vem sendo realizadas pesquisas propondo a utilização de métodos alternativos de controle de patógenos pós-colheita envolvendo a utilização de extratos vegetais, uso de biofungicidas e óleos essenciais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de diferentes extratos de própolis e plantas espontâneas no controle de podridão pós-colheita causada pelo fungo <em>B. cinerea</em> em morangos. Para avaliar a atividade antifúngica direta dos extratos etanólico de própolis e extratos aquosos de plantas espontâneas sobre <em>B. cinerea,</em> foi realizado o experimento <em>in vitro</em>, utilizando-se os tratamentos própolis verde 0,5%; própolis verde 2,5%; própolis marrom 0,5%; própolis marrom 2,5%; língua-de-vaca 10%; assa-peixe 10%; rubim 10%; tansagem 10%; testemunha (água). As medições do diâmetro das colônias foram iniciadas 48, 72 e 96 horas após a instalação do experimento. No experimento <em>in vivo </em>os frutos foram imersos nos tratamentos descritos acima. Após cinco dias avaliou-se a incidência e severidade da doença mofo cinzento e das doenças pós-colheita como antracnose e podridão de Rhizopus que apareceram no experimento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com quatro e cinco repetições para o ensaio <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo,</em> respectivamente<em>.</em> Os resultados mostram que os extratos etanólicos de própolis verde e marrom a 2,5% apresentaram <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo </em>atividade antifúngica a <em>B. cinerea</em> e <em>Rhizopus nigricans,</em> respectivamente.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Potential of propolis extracts and extracts etanol spontaneous plants aqueous in control of diseases of strawberry post-harvest</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The strawberry crop is severely affected by various diseases, including gray mold, caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> is considered the most severe disease in post-harvest fruit. To reduce the use of synthetic fungicides, has been carried out research proposing the use of alternative methods of control postharvest pathogens involving the use of plant extracts, use of biofungicides, essential oils among others. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of different propolis extracts and wild plants in the control of post-harvest rot caused by the fungus <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> in strawberries. To evaluate the direct antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis and aqueous extracts of wild plants of B. cinerea, the in vitro experiment was performed, using treatments propolis 0.5%; propolis 2.5%; brown propolis 0.5%; brown propolis 2.5%; control (water + alcohol 2%); cow tongue 10%; assa-fish 10%; rubim 10%; tansagem 10%; control (water). Measurements of the diameter of the colonies were started 48, 72 and 96 hours after installation of the experiment. Conducted the in vivo experiment in which the fruits of strawberry plants were immersed in the treatments described above. After five days we evaluated the incidence and severity of gray mold disease and post-harvest diseases such as anthracnose and Rhizopus rot appearing in the experiment. We used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four and five replicates for the in vitro assay and in vivo, respectively. The results show that ethanol extracts of green and brown propolis 2.5% presented in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity to <em>B. cinerea</em> and <em>Rhizopus nigricans</em> respectively.</p>

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals A Peptide Found in Human Serum, Derived from the C-Terminus of Albumin, Shows Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Pier Paolo Zanello ◽  
Tiziana D’Adda ◽  
Serena Galati ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Different Sources

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternative strategies to combat infections. From this perspective, there is a considerable interest in natural molecules obtained from different sources, which are shown to be active against microorganisms, either alone or in association with conventional drugs. In this paper, peptides with the same sequence of fragments, found in human serum, derived from physiological proteins, were evaluated for their antifungal activity. A 13-residue peptide, representing the 597–609 fragment within the albumin C-terminus, was proved to exert a fungicidal activity in vitro against pathogenic yeasts and a therapeutic effect in vivo in the experimental model of candidal infection in Galleria mellonella. Studies by confocal microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the peptide penetrates and accumulates in Candida albicans cells, causing gross morphological alterations in cellular structure. These findings add albumin to the group of proteins, which already includes hemoglobin and antibodies, that could give rise to cryptic antimicrobial fragments, and could suggest their role in anti-infective homeostasis. The study of bioactive fragments from serum proteins could open interesting perspectives for the development of new antimicrobial molecules derived by natural sources.

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