scholarly journals Estimation of lymphocyte radiation doses after the ingestion of radionuclides of different tropicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
E. I. Tolstykh ◽  
M. O. Degteva ◽  
A. V. Akleyev
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Dose Coefficients

Assessment of the lymphocyte doses is relevant for solving a number of radiobiological problems, including the risk assessment of hemoblastosis (leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma etc.), as well as the use of circulating lymphocytes as “natural biodosimeters”. The latter is because the frequency of chromosomal aberrations occurring in lymphocytes following radiation exposure is proportional to the accumulated dose. Assessment of doses to the circulating lymphocytes requires due account of: first, the dose accumulated by the lymphocyte progenitors in the red bone marrow; and second, the dose accumulated during lymphocyte circulation through lymphoid organs. The models presented by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-67, ICRP-100) allow calculating the dose for specific lymphoid organs based on known level of radionuclide intakes. A recently developed model of circulating T-lymphocyte irradiation takes into account all sources of exposure and age-related dynamics of T-lymphocytes: (1) exposure of lymphocyte progenitors in red bone marrow: (2) exposure of T-lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs, taking into account the proportion of resident lymphocytes and the residence time of circulating lymphocytes in the specific lymphoid organs. The objective of the study is to assess the dose coefficients allowing for the transition from the ingestion of 141,144Ce, 95Zr, 103,106Ru, 95Nb to the doses accumulated in circulating T-lymphocytes. For calculations, we used the dose coefficients from ICRP publications for specific lymphoid organs, as well as published data on the residence time of circulating lymphocytes in lymphoid organs and tissues. As a result, it was shown that the doses in circulating T-lymphocytes are higher than those in the red bone marrow, but lower than the doses to the colon wall. The dose coefficients were age dependent; the maximum values were typical for newborns. The obtained dose coefficients for 141,144Ce, 95Zr, 95Nb and 103,106Ru can be used to estimate the tissue and organ doses based on data on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Development Of Mature T Lymphocytes Requires Alpha-Synuclein

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3490-3490
Author(s):  
Afshin Shameli ◽  
Wenbin Xiao ◽  
Clifford Harding ◽  
Howard Meyerson ◽  
John Sumodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Flow Cytometric

Abstract Synucleins (including α-, β- and γ-synucleins) are a group of proteins that are expressed at high levels in the central nervous system. The physiologic function of these proteins is unknown. Alpha-synuclein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, as it is highly expressed in the Lewy bodies from both disorders. The expression of α-synuclein in hematopoietic system has been shown in erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes in bone marrow, as well as erythrocytes and platelets in peripheral blood. Moreover, some studies demonstrated the expression of α-synuclein on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), including B and T lymphocytes, NK cells and monocytes; and its expression is shown to be higher in PBMCs of individuals with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy controls. In order to study the role of α-synuclein in development of different hematopoietic elements, we compared bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymphoid organs of age and sex-matched α-synuclein knock-out (KO) mice and wild type (WT) animals of the same genetic background (n=10). Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow elements did not show differences in the percentages and absolute numbers of erythroid, megakryocytic and myeloid lineages (data not shown). However, differential complete blood cell count (CBC) showed statistically significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) in KO mice compared to WT mice. No difference was noted in other RBC indices (Table 1). However, platelets were smaller in KO mice as measured by the mean platelet volume (MPV). There was no difference in the number of platelets and white blood cell (WBC) counts. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of circulating lymphocytes, and associated increase in the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes in KO mice compared to WT mice, although the difference in the number of lymphocytes did not reach statistical significance (Table 1). Flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocytes in thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs demonstrated marked defect in development of mature T cells. There was a significant increase in the number of double negative thymocytes in KO mice associated with significant decrease in the number of single positive T cells. Furthermore, splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were markedly decreased in KO mice, indicating that α-synuclein is required for T cell development (Table 2). In summary, our findings indicate an absolute requirement for α-synuclein in development of mature T lymphocytes. The underlying mechanism for this function is subject of future studies. Moreover, while α-synuclein-deficiency does not affect the development of myeloid lineage and platelets, lack of this protein is associated with lower number of erythrocytes, suggesting its role in development and/or survival red blood cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Dosimetry with 188Re-labelled monoclonal anti-CD66 antibodies

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kull ◽  
N. M. Blumstein ◽  
D. Bunjes ◽  
B. Neumaier ◽  
A. K. Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Simplified Method

SummaryAim: For the therapeutic application of radiopharmaceuticals the activity is determined on an individual basis. Here we investigated the accuracy for a simplified assessment of the residence times for a 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody. Patients, methods: For 49 patients with high risk leukaemia (24 men, 25 women, age: 44 ± 12 years) the residence times were determined for the injected 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 antibodies (1.3 ± 0.4 GBq, 5–7 GBq/mg protein, >95% 188Re bound to the antibody) based on 5 measurements (1.5, 3, 20, 26, and 44 h p.i.) using planar conjugate view gamma camera images (complete method). In a simplified method the residence times were calculated based on a single measurement 3 h p.i. Results: The residence times for kidneys, liver, red bone marrow, spleen and remainder of body for the complete method were 0.4 ± 0.2 h, 1.9 ± 0.8 h, 7.8 ± 2.1 h, 0.6 ± 0.3 h and 8.6 ± 2.1 h, respectively. For all organs a linear correlation exists between the residence times of the complete method and the simplified method with the slopes (correlation coefficients R > 0.89) of 0.89, 0.99, 1.23, 1.13 and 1.09 for kidneys, liver, red bone marrow, spleen and remainder of body, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed approach allows reliable prediction of biokinetics of 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody biodistribution with a single study. Efficient pretherapeutic estimation of organ absorbed dose may be possible, provided that a more stable anti-CD66 antibody preparation is available.

FTY720 induces the sequestration of circulating lymphocytes into the bone marrow in alymphoplasia mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Maeda ◽  
Hirotoshi Kataoka ◽  
Noriyasu Seki ◽  
Mamoru Koyama ◽  
Tetsuhiro Kakimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes

scholarly journals The ICRP recommended methods of red bone marrow dosimetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 106611
Author(s):  
Maria Zankl ◽  
Jonathan Eakins ◽  
José-María Gómez Ros ◽  
Christelle Huet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Bone Marrow

scholarly journals Clinical observations of bone marrow transfusion for promoting bone marrow reconstruction after chemotherapy for AIDS-related lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Suhong Xie ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yanhui Si ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Aids Related Lymphoma

Abstract Background This study investigates the effect of autologous bone marrow transfusion (BMT) on the reconstruction of both bone marrow and the immune system in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL). Methods A total of 32 patients with ARL participated in this study. Among them, 16 participants were treated with conventional surgery and chemotherapy (control group) and the remaining 16 patients were treated with chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transfusion via a mesenteric vein (8 patients, ABM-MVI group) or a peripheral vein (8 patients, ABM-PI group). Subsequently, peripheral blood and lymphocyte data subsets were detected and documented in all patients. Results Before chemotherapy, no significant difference in indicators was observed between three groups of ARL patients. Unexpectedly, 2 weeks after the end of 6 courses of chemotherapy, the ABM-MVI group, and the ABM-PI group yielded an increased level of CD8+T lymphocytes, white blood cells (WBC), and platelet (PLT) in peripheral blood in comparison to the control group. Notably, the number of CD4+T lymphocytes in the ABM-PI group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Additionally, no significant difference in haemoglobin levels was observed before and after chemotherapy in both the ABM-MVI and ABM-PI groups, while haemoglobin levels in the control group decreased significantly following chemotherapy. Conclusions Autologous bone marrow transfusion after chemotherapy can promote the reconstruction of both bone marrow and the immune system. There was no significant difference in bone marrow recovery and reconstruction between the mesenteric vein transfusion group and the peripheral vein transfusion group.

scholarly journals Brahmarasayana protects against Ethyl methanesulfonate or Methyl methanesulfonate induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad ◽  
Advait Subramanian ◽  
Vikram Jeet Singh ◽  
Raghavendra Sudheer Kumar Sharma ◽  
Puthiya Mundyat Gopinath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells
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