scholarly journals Using 2D imaging resistivity and Bristow's method to detect the weak zones under College of Science (Anbar University)/West of Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Keyword(s):  
2D Imaging ◽  
Weak Zones

scholarly journals Comparison between Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole Arrays in Delineation of Subsurface Weak Zones Using 2D Electrical Imaging Technique in Al- Anbar University, Western Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Amina M. Salman ◽  
Ali M. Abed ◽  
Jassim M. Thabit
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Weak Zone ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Electrical Imaging ◽  
Inverse Models ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
The University ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Weak Zones

The presence of natural voids and fractures (weak zones) in subsurface gypsiferous soil and gypsum, within the University of Al-Anbar, western Iraq. It causes a harsher problem for civil engineering projects. Electrical resistivity technique is applied as an economic decipher for investigation underground weak zones. The inverse models of the Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole arrays with aspacing of 2 m and an n-factor of 6 clearly show that the resistivity contrast between the anomalous part of the weak zone and the background. The maximum thickness and shape are well defined from 2D imaging with Dipole-dipole array, the maximum thickness ranges between 9.5 to 11.5 m. It is concluded that the 2D imaging survey is a useful technique and more effective for determining and mapping subsurface weak zones (voids, fracture and cavities), when taken in consideration using the suitable a-spacing and n-factor for each electrode array, especially with the Dipole-dipole array which provided the best imaging of thesubsurface shape of the weak zones.

scholarly journals Delineation of Fractures Using a 2D GPR Processing Strategy for 3D Imaging: Weak Zones within Carbonates at the Archaeological Site of Xochicalco in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5893
Author(s):  
Nikos Economou ◽  
Maksim Bano ◽  
José Ortega-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Preliminary Conclusion ◽  
Scattered Energy ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Weak Zones ◽  
Archeological Site

The use of GPR data multipath summation on data acquired over parallel study lines is presented here within the framework of a study on the effects of natural hazards on cultural heritage areas in order to image weak zones within carbonates, such as fractures and caverns. This study was realized at the archeological site of Xochicalco in Mexico, where fractures and caverns are potential sources of the degradation of the archeological remains. Dense parallel GPR study lines spaced every 0.25 m were surveyed using a 400 MHz monostatic antenna with the aim to image possible weak zones in three dimensions. We used a 2D imaging approach, namely, the method of multipath summation, which efficiently focused the scattered energy within the GPR sections. The study revealed, at depths of 1.6m and 1.8m, several linear events attributed to fractures, leading to the preliminary conclusion of this on-going project that cracks on the walls of the Quetzalcoatl Temple after a large earthquake in 2017 are prone to instability of carbonates rocks.

scholarly journals BIM Supported Surveying and Imaging Combination for Heritage Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Pedro Martín-Lerones ◽  
David Olmedo ◽  
Ana López-Vidal ◽  
Jaime Gómez-García-Bermejo ◽  
Eduardo Zalama
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Digital Survey ◽  
Level 2

As the basis for analysis and management of heritage assets, 3D laser scanning and photogrammetric 3D reconstruction have been probed as adequate techniques for point cloud data acquisition. The European Directive 2014/24/EU imposes BIM Level 2 for government centrally procured projects as a collaborative process of producing federated discipline-specific models. Although BIM software resources are intensified and increasingly growing, distinct specifications for heritage (H-BIM) are essential to driving particular processes and tools to efficiency shifting from point clouds to meaningful information ready to be exchanged using non-proprietary formats, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). This paper details a procedure for processing enriched 3D point clouds into the REVIT software package due to its worldwide popularity and how closely it integrates with the BIM concept. The procedure will be additionally supported by a tailored plug-in to make high-quality 3D digital survey datasets usable together with 2D imaging, enhancing the capability to depict contextualized important graphical data to properly planning conservation actions. As a practical example, a 2D/3D enhanced combination is worked to accurately include into a BIM project, the length, orientation, and width of a big crack on the walls of the Castle of Torrelobatón (Spain) as a representative heritage building.

A HIGH-RESOLUTION 2D IMAGING LASER RADAR FOR OCCLUDED HARD TARGET VIEWING AND IDENTIFICATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. GRASSO ◽  
JOHN C. WIKMAN ◽  
DAVID P. DROUIN ◽  
GEORGE F. DIPPEL ◽  
PAUL I. EGBERT
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Diode Pumped ◽  
Target Ranging ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Gated Imaging

BAE SYSTEMS has developed a Low Cost Targeting System (LCTS) consisting of a FLIR for target detection, laser-illuminated, gated imaging for target identification, laser rangefinder and designator, GPS positioning, and auto-tracking capability within a small compact system size. The system is based upon BAE Systems proven micro-bolometer passive LWIR camera coupled with Intevac's new EBAPS camera. A dual wavelength diode pumped laser provides eyesafe ranging and target illumination, as well as designation; a custom detector module senses the return pulse for target ranging and to set the range gates for the gated camera. Trials show that the current detectors offer complete extinction of signals outside of the gated range, thus, providing high resolution within the gated region. The images have shown high spatial resolution arising from the use of solid state focal plane array technology. Imagery has been collected in both the laboratory and the field to verify system performance during a variety of operating conditions.

A pipeline for enhanced multimodal 2D imaging of concrete structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Mehdinia ◽  
Thomas Schumacher ◽  
Xubo Song ◽  
Eric Wan
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
2D Imaging

scholarly journals More Than Names: The role of updated taxonomy in palaeontology collections

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Web Based ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Fossil Data

The accuracy on taxonomic determinations of palaeontology collections may have significant consequences in estimations of organism diversity through time. This justifies the need of taxonomic standardization of palaeontological collections. The perception of palaeodiversity through Phanerozoic time has significantly improved since the Sepkoski showed the marine invertebrate taxonomic data in diversity graphs, organized in orders (Sepkoski 1978) and families (Sepkoski 1979, Sepkoski 1984). The visual impact of these graphs engaged palaeontologists into gathering quantitative macroevolution in order to better understand marine palaeodiversity. Alroy et al. (2008) presented a rebuilt diversity curve based on genus-level in a large sample record. These and other statistically sound and standardized datasets of fossil occurrences have combined sources as literature, databases, and museum collections data as a foundation. Integration of these datasets with the entire fossil record based on individual specimens in space and time would be the ideal approach to species-level taxonomy standards determinations. An example showing how this approach may be achieved is the use of initiatives such as the Web-based data facility Palaeontology Database (PdB) which includes a large amount of fossil record data from throughout the world. The major advantage of that is to gather institucional and also private palaeontological collections with taxonomy experts validation. The core of these datasets is the taxon, with the species as the expected most reliable unit. Taxonomy is therefore the discipline enrolled in the process with the taxonomist at the centre of the process. Updated taxonomy is crucial to create reliable datasets and a careful approach should prevent biased data due to under- or overestimation of diversity. Palaeontological museum collections are known to be one of the largest repositories of fossil data. Taxonomic standardization of palaeontology collections in the context of a museum should: Engage taxonomists in revising fossil clades of the museum material; Promote networking and museum researcher peers involved in similar collections activities; Avoid replication of errors in taxonomic determinations (e.g. exclusive use of Web-based databases sources of taxonomy); Use type material to compare with the collection specimens; Critically analyse previous taxonomic determinations on old labels and associated specimen information; Promote the accessibility of the collection to the research community; Emphasize digitisation of specimen catalogue records as well as 2D imaging of the specimens. Engage taxonomists in revising fossil clades of the museum material; Promote networking and museum researcher peers involved in similar collections activities; Avoid replication of errors in taxonomic determinations (e.g. exclusive use of Web-based databases sources of taxonomy); Use type material to compare with the collection specimens; Critically analyse previous taxonomic determinations on old labels and associated specimen information; Promote the accessibility of the collection to the research community; Emphasize digitisation of specimen catalogue records as well as 2D imaging of the specimens. These practices are valuable complements to current methodologies adopted to improve the taxonomy of collections, resulting in more reliable data which further enables museum-based research focusing on palaeodiversity estimations.

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