scholarly journals A Methodology Based on Magnetic Susceptibility to Characterize Copper Mine Tailings

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Lam ◽  
Rodrigo Carle ◽  
Rodrigo González ◽  
Ítalo L. Montofré ◽  
Eugenio A. Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Copper Tailings ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Copper Mine Tailings ◽  
Horizontal Variation ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Magnetic Techniques ◽  
Mining Residues

This paper intends to validate the application of magnetic techniques, particularly magnetic susceptibility, as sampling tools on a copper tailings terrace, by correlating them analytically. Magnetic susceptibility was measured in both the field and laboratory. Data obtained allowed for designing spatial magnetic susceptibility distribution maps, showing the horizontal variation of the tailings. In addition, boxplots were used to show the variation of magnetic susceptibility and the concentration of the elements analyzed at different depths of the copper tailings terrace. The degree of correlation between magnetic and chemical variables was defined with coefficient R2. The horizontal and vertical variations of magnetic susceptibility, the concentration of elements, and the significant correlations between them show a relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the chemical processes occurring in the tailing management facility, such as pyrite oxidation. Thus, the correlation functions obtained could be used as semiquantitative tools to characterize tailings or other mining residues.

Rates and potential mechanism of anaerobic nitrate-dependent microbial pyrite oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Bosch ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Positive Results

Pyrite (FeS2) is a major iron- and sulfur-containing mineral phase in the environment. Oxidation of pyrite by aerobic micro-organisms has been well investigated. However, the reactivity of pyrite under anoxic conditions is still an open question. In the present paper, we summarize field and laboratory data on this chemolithotrophic respiration process with nitrate as terminal electron acceptor. Geochemical and stable isotope field data indicate that this process is occurring. Laboratory studies are more ambiguous, but recent positive results provide evidence that anaerobic microbial pyrite oxidation can, in fact, occur with nitrate as electron acceptor.

scholarly journals Effects of Canopy and Micro-irrigation under the Trees on Spatial Variations of Soil Labile Phosphorus and Metals in a Citrus Grove

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-610
Author(s):  
Zhenli He ◽  
David. V. Calvert ◽  
Peter. J. Stoffella ◽  
Mingkui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Citrus Grove ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Horizontal Variation ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Micro Irrigation

To evaluate effects of canopy and micro-irrigation under trees on accumulation and leaching of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals in agricultural sand soils, the horizontal and vertical variations of soil P and metals in a 408-m2 plot within a grove under grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) production near Fort Pierce, Fla., was examined. A high horizontal variation of labile soil P and metal concentrations was observed. Across the row, the highest values of pH, EC, water-soluble P, and all metals occurred in the soils under the canopies, and the lowest values occurred in the soils near the water furrow or the midway of the inter-row. Along the grapefruit row, the highest values of many measured variables occurred along the northern side of the citrus tree and close to the emitter. The downward movement of P, Cu, and Zn in the soils was more significant in the soils in open areas (near the water furrow and midway of inter-neighboring trees) than those under the canopies. The differences in labile P and metal spatial distributions in the soils were related to the location of emitter fertigation and differences in rainfall-induced leaching in the field. The results suggest that applying fertilizers to sites under the canopy rather than the spaces between the trees can minimize leaching losses of nutrients.

The magnetic properties of natural pigments: preliminary analyses for their identification in Fine Arts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Anselmi ◽  
Antonio Sgamellotti ◽  
Manuela Vagnini ◽  
Aldo Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Rock Magnetism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Magnetic Techniques ◽  
Synthetic Pigments

<p>A multidisciplinary approach, including compositional, spectroscopic and microscopic methodologies, is often used for the analysis and identification of pigments in Fine Arts. Although a large part of widely used natural and synthetic pigments contain Fe-oxides and hydroxides, their magnetic characterization is still poorly explored. The application of rock magnetism analyses through fast, cheap and non-destructive measurements, can be instead useful for the identification and discrimination of pigments through their distinctive magnetic properties.</p><p>In this preliminary study, the magnetic properties of several iron-based commercial pigments together with paintings models and supports, were analyzed.</p><p>In order to investigate the compositional differences of pigments by means of their magnetic behavior, the magnetic susceptibility, the hysteresis properties and the magnetic susceptibility variation at low and high temperature were measured on selected samples.</p><p>All the pigments showed different magnetic properties, mainly related to variable proportions of magnetite, hematite and maghemite as the main magnetic carriers.</p><p>Further studies will be addressed to define a protocol for applying the magnetic techniques to the characterization of pigments, including tests on samples produced by different brands and different periods, with the final aim of integrating the magnetic measurements with the different spectroscopic techniques commonly employed for the preservation and the analysis of cultural heritage.</p>

scholarly journals Processing Tests, Adjusted Cost Models and the Economies of Reprocessing Copper Mine Tailings in Chile

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Malte Drobe ◽  
Frank Haubrich ◽  
Mariano Gajardo ◽  
Herwig Marbler
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Copper Mine Tailings ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Assessment Standard ◽  
Mining Residues

To increase resource efficiency, mining residues–especially tailings–have come into the focus of research, companies, and politics. Tailings still contain varying amounts of unextracted elements of value and minerals that were not of economic interest during production. As for primary mineral deposits, only a small share of tailings offers the possibility for an economic reprocessing. To minimize exploration expenditure, a stepwise process is followed during exploration, to estimate the likelihood of a project to become a mine or in this case a reprocessing facility. During this process, costs are continuously estimated at least in an order of magnitude. Reprocessing flowsheets for copper mine tailings in Chile were developed and costs and revenues of possible products from reprocessing were examined for a rough economic assessment. Standard cost models with capex and opex for flotation, leaching, and magnetic separation were adopted to the needs of tailings reprocessing. A copper tailing (around 2 M t) that also contains magnetite was chosen as a case study. A combination of magnetic separation and leaching gave the best economic results for copper and magnetite. The adopted cost models showed positive results at this early stage of investigation (semi-technical scale processing tests).

scholarly journals Steel Slag Characterisation—Benefit of Coupling Chemical, Mineralogical and Magnetic Techniques

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Herbelin ◽  
Jérôme Bascou ◽  
Véronique Lavastre ◽  
Damien Guillaume ◽  
Mhammed Benbakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Spinel Solid Solution ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Magnetic Techniques ◽  
Hazardous Metals

Steel-making slag is largely used today in road construction and other applications, but significant volumes are landfilled and cannot be recycled for excessive contents in hazardous metals, such as chromium or vanadium. The long-term behaviour of this material is still little known, and the characterisation of large volume slag dumps remains an environmental challenge. In this study various analytical techniques are used to characterise Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag landfilled for several decades and exposed to chemical weathering and erosion. Coupling chemical, mineralogical and magnetic techniques helps to understand the relations between hazardous metals and mineral phases. A special interest is given to Fe-bearing minerals microstructure so as to link the magnetic properties of the material to its mineralogical composition. The studied slag presents high amounts of chromium (between 1 and 3 wt. %) and very high magnetic susceptibility values (near 60 × 10−6 m3/kg), explained by the presence of magnetite and a spinel solid solution. Some correlations are found between magnetic susceptibility and potentially hazardous metals, providing new perspectives for future environmental investigations.

Butterfly-hostplant fidelity, vagrancy and measuring mobility from distribution maps

Ecography ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Cook ◽  
Roger L. H. Dennis ◽  
Peter B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Maps

MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF KNIGHT SHIFT IN SmPt2 AND SmSn3

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-1028-C1-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. MALIK ◽  
R. VIJAYARAGHAVAN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Knight Shift ◽  
Anomalous Behaviour

MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANISOTROPY OF THE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR (TMTSF)2ClO4

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (C3) ◽  
pp. C3-893-C3-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miljak ◽  
J. R. Cooper ◽  
K. Bechgaard
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Organic Superconductor
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