scholarly journals Performance of a Gasifier Reactor Prototype without a Blower Using Palm Oil Waste

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Arief Suardi Nur Chairat ◽  
Vendy Antono ◽  
Prayudi Prayudi ◽  
Roswati Nurhasanah ◽  
Hakimul Batih

The usage of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the gasification process adds value to the empty bunches as a renewable energy source. In this study, we design and manufacture a new updraft type of gasifier reactor without a blower so that it does not require electric power in its operation, but uses power from engine suction. Our test results compare the use of biomass waste in conjunction with diesel fuel to run a diesel power plant for 20 min at a load of 10,000 W: diesel with coconut shell charcoal (350 mL), diesel with acacia wood charcoal (380 mL), and diesel with EFB charcoal (400 mL). The test shows that the highest efficient and the most optimal biomass in the gasification process is coconut shell charcoal, because coconut shell charcoal has a dense structure and, at the time of the experiment, the coconut shell charcoal was filled 15 cm below the gas outlet pipe hole. From the standpoint of the economic value of the gasifier reactor that is proposed in this study, the result with the lowest cost is that of diesel with EFB charcoal, because, in this experiment, EFBs were the biomass that was not purchased. The additional use of empty fruit bunches of charcoal is able to save 50% diesel usage.

Author(s):  
Vivin Setiani ◽  
Adhi Setiawan ◽  
Mey Rohma Dhani ◽  
Risya Dwi Maulidya

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.


Author(s):  
Ucik Ika Fenti Styana ◽  
Muhammad Sigit Cahyono

<p>Salah satu potensi sumber energi di Indonesia adalah limbah biomasa berupa limbah padat industri aren. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan terhadap suhu reaktor dan efisiensi proses gasifikasi limbah padat aren. Bahan baku yang digunakan didapatkan dari Sentra Industri Tepung Aren di Dusun Daleman, Kecamatan Tulung, Kabupaten Klaten. Sebelum diproses bahan dikeringkan terlebih dahulu dengan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari selama sehari, kemudian dilakukan analisa proksimat. Variabel penelitian adalah jenis bahan berupa limbah padat aren murni, campuran limbah padat aren dan tempurung kelapa, serta tempurung kelapa murni. Proses gasifikasi diawali dengan memasukkan bahan ke dalam reaktor tipe <em>Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier</em>, kemudian dinyalakan sampai keluar gas yang bisa terbakar dan diuji selama satu jam. Syn gas yang terbentuk dianalisa kandungan gasnya, kemudian dibakar untuk mengetahui efisiensinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan mempengaruhi suhu proses di dalam reaktor, dimana suhu optimal dicapai pada gasifikasi tempurung kelapa murni, yaitu proses pengeringan pada suhu 120 °C, pirolisis 340 °C, Reduksi 650 °C, dan oksidasi 721 °C. Gas yang dihasilkan tersebut dapat terbakar selama 15 menit, dibandingkan campuran limbah padat aren - tempurung yang terbakar 8 menit dan limbah padat aren murni yang hanya mampu terbakar 1 menit.</p><p><em>One of the potential energy sources in Indonesia is biomass waste in the form of palm sugar solid waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of material on the reactor temperature and the efficiency of the sugar palm solid waste gasification process. The raw materials used were obtained from the Palm Sugar Flour Industrial Center in Daleman Hamlet, Tulung District, Klaten Regency. Before processing the material is first dried by drying it in the sun for a day, then proximate analysis is done. The research variable is the type of material in the form of pure sugar palm solid waste, a mixture of palm sugar solid waste and coconut shell, and pure coconut shell. The gasification process is initiated by inserting the material into the Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier type reactor, then igniting the flammable gas and testing it for one hour. The syn gas formed is analyzed for its gas content, then burned to find out its efficiency. The results showed that the type of material influences the process temperature inside the reactor, where the optimum temperature is achieved in pure coconut gas gasification, namely the drying process at 120 °C, pyrolysis 340 °C, Reduction 650 °C, and oxidation 721 °C. The resulting gas can burn for 15 minutes, compared to a mixture of aren solid waste - shells that burn for 8 minutes and pure aren solid waste that can only burn for 1 minute.</em></p>


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmaja Simatupang ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lots of fiber. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13008
Author(s):  
Dwi Ermawati Rahayu ◽  
Dutarama Nasarani ◽  
Wahyono Hadi ◽  
Budisantoso Wrjodirjo

Oil Palm agroindustry is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Based on GAPKI data, Indonesia's CPO production 2017 is 38.17 million tons and PKO of 3.05 million tons. Production activities in palm oil agro-industry in addition to producing PKO and CPOl produce solid waste from the plantation and palm oil mill, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from the palm oil mill. The biomass waste of oil palm agro-industry comes from activities in plantations in the form of midrib, leaves and palm tree trunks. While from the palm oil mill produced solid waste in the form of palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibers (MF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The waste is classified as biomass residue that can be utilized so that it has added value. Biomass potential in Indonesia can be estimated from the productivity of oil palm. The volume of biomass is 5,5-8%, empty bunches 20-23%, palm fronds 13.5-15%, 15% palm fiber from 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches. The total potential of oil palm solid waste biomass in Indonesia 2017 is 20.07 million tons and POME is 23.7 million tons. The largest distribution of biomass is in Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra province.


Konversi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Marinda Rahim ◽  
Mardhiyah Nadir

Abstrak- Sebagai daerah sentra pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan industri crude palm oil (CPO), Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dari hasil industri CPO yang menggunakan tandan buah sawit (TBS) sebagai bahan bakunya.  Bagian TKKS adalah 23% dari TBS. TKKS memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi jika diolah lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah dengan menghidrolisis kandungan pentosan di dalam TKKS menjadi furfural. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah megembangkan teknik hidrolisis satu tahap TKKS menjadi furfural dengan bantuan gelombang mikro untuk mendapatkan waktu optimum yang dapat mengasilkan furfural maksimum.. Pada penelitian ini 10 gram TKKS ditambahkan dengan 250 mL H2SO4 15% sebagai katalis. Campuran kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, dan 105 menit. Hasil analisa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menunjukkan hasil furfural tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 75 menit dengan konsentrasi 1,34 mg/mL.  Kata Kunci: furfural, gelombang mikro, hidrolisis, TKKS Abstract- As a regional center for the development of oil palm plantations and crude palm oil (CPO) industry, East Kalimantan has the potential to produce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in large enough quantities. EFB is the solid waste from the palm oil industry which uses palm fruit bunches (FFB) as a raw material. EFB part is 23% of FFB. Whereas EFB has a high economic value if processed further. One of the method that is used to hydrolyze the content of pentosan in EFB into furfural. The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of EFB into furfural  with microwaves assistance  to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In this research 10 grams of EFB was added with 250 mL of H2SO4 15%  as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted with a time variety of for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and105 minutes. The results of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest results of furfural  was at 75 minutes with a concentration of 1.34 mg / mL. Keywords: EFB, furfural, microwaves, hydrolysis


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Masdayani Rambe ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lot of fibers. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Siti Maysarah ◽  
Netti Herlina

Oil palm empty fruit bunchesn are waste from palm oil mill utilization is still limited. Lignin utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunhes made of natural adhesive manufacture. Making adhesive is carried out in several stages namely the manufacture of powder oil palm empty fruit bunches free extractives, lignin isolation, the manufacture of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium purification lignosulfonate and the manufacture of adhesive. Making the lignin resorcinol formaldehide adhesive is done by differences sodium lignosulfonate : resorcinol : formaldehyde mole ratio are ratio 1:1:1, ratio 1:1:2 and ratio 1:1:3. The results obtained from testing the appearance of the adhesive has a blackish brown color. pH of each ratio is ratio 1:1:1 11,2, ratio 1:1:2 11,4 and ratio 1:1:3 12,0. Adhesive densities are ration 1:1:1  1,2857, ratio 1:1:2  1,2119, and ratio 1:1:3  1,3097. Viscosities are ratio 1:1:1  108,83 cps, ratio 1:1:2  94,31 cps and ratio  1:1:3 129,92 cps. The rest of the evaporation are ratio 1:1:1  50,77%, ratio 1:1:2  42,35% and ratio 1:1:3 41,01%. Test results compared with standard phenol formaldehyde which is SNI 06-4567-1998 liquid phenol formaldehyde and result ratio 1:1:3 the best of  another ratio .


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Amalia Murnihati Noerrizki ◽  
Tresna Kusuma Putri ◽  
Ernah Ernah

Palm oil is one of the most widely produced plantation commodities in the world. World demand for palm oil is also increasing due to the increasing demand for products that use palm oil. This increase ultimately results in the development of the palm oil processing industry which causes the increasing volume of waste produced. Palm oil waste can be utilized and treated as bioenergy so as to add economic value to the waste. The purpose of this paper is to determine the benefits of palm oil waste as bioenergy. The results show that palm oil waste such as shells, empty fruit bunches of palm, fibers, leaves, midribs and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) have several potential contents to be utilized as bioenergy such as biogas, biodiesel, biobriquette, electricity generator, and activated charcoal. Apart from that as bioenergy, palm oil waste can be used as an antioxidant, animal feed, fertilizer and concrete additives.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarono Sarono

The empty fruit bunches (EFB) are by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) production, and it is not widely used optimally. One of products produced from EFB with development potentials is straw mushroom. The objective of this research was to analyze the potentials of EFB material and straw mushroom based on EFB material in Lampung province. The result showed that the EFB potential in Lampung province was 111,144 ton annually and straw mushroom was 4,835 ton annually. The biology efficiency ratio of EFB into straw mushroom in production scale was averagely 3.93%. Districts having potentials for developing straw mushroom business by using EFB material were Mesuji, Middle Lampung, Tulang Bawang, Way Kanan, and North Lampung.


AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Journal Journal

                                                                                                                                   ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang memegang peranan penting dalam industri pangan. Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 mencapai 10 juta Ha. Pertumbuhan yang pesat diikuti dengan produksi crude palm oil (CPO) dan palm karnel oil (PKO) yang juga meningkat, sekaligus produk sampingan berupa limbah. Salah satu limbah pabrik kelapa sawit yang jumlahnya besar adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah organik yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan dibidang pertanian. Akan tetapi, TKKS memiliki nilai C/N yang cukup tinggi, akibatnya sukar dan lama untuk terdekomposisi. Salah satu cara pemanfaatan TKKS adalah dengan dilakukan pengomposan dengan pengkayaan urea. Diharapkan dengan perlakuan tersebut TKKS akan cepat terdekomposisi dan dapat segera dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh pemberian urea terhadap pengomposan TKKS dan (2) mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan dosis urea terhadap kualitas kompos TKKS. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 5 perlakuan, yaitu U1 (urea 0 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U2 (urea 30,9 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U3 (urea 79,3 g setara dengan nilai C/N=), U4 (urea 176,1 g setara dengan nilai C/N=) dan U5 (urea 466,3 g setara dengan C/N = ) dan 9 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 45 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian urea berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap susut bobot, kadar air, nilai pH kompos, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, dan nilai C/N, selain itu pemberian urea mengakibatkan terjadi perubahan tekstur dan warna pada kompos TKKS. Pemberian dosis urea 466,3 g mampu meningkatkan kandungan N-total, serta menurunkan nilai C/N dan nilai pH kompos. Pemberian dosis urea 79,3 g atau setara dengan C/N = mampu meningkatkan kandungan P-tersedia dan kadar air, menurunkan susut bobot dan kandungan C-organik, serta menunjukan perubahan tekstur dan warna yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: tanda kosongkelapa sawit (TKSS), kompos, urea                                                                                                                                        ABSTRACT Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a solid wastes produced in large quantity from palm oil industry. Empty fruit bunches can be used as compost material, additionally difficult to decompose because it contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as value of ratio C/N is high. Use EFB as compost material through the provision of urea has been done in this research. Urea are expected to reduce the value of ratio C/N and became a starter for microbial decomposers. The purpose of this research were (1) to determine the effect of urea on composting of EFB and (2) to determine the effect of increasing doses of urea to the quality of compost of EFB. This research was used a single factor of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely U1 (urea 0 g), U2 (urea 30,9 g), U3 (urea 79,3 g), U4 (urea 176,1 g), and U5 (urea 466,3 g), and 9 replications, until result 45 experimental units. The result showed that urea significant effect on weight loss, water content, value of pH compost, C-organic, N-total, P-available, and value of ratio C/N, besides urea resulted Widodoe, K. dkk Percepatan Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit…..…. 114 in a change in texture and color on the compost EFB. Application of urea 466,3 g was able to increase the content of N-total, reduce the value of ratio C/N and the value of pH compost. Application of urea 79,3 g can improve the content of P-available and water content, reduce the weight loss and the content of C-organic, and showed the changes in texture and color as better. Keywords: empty fruit bunches, compost, urea


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