Investigation of Direct Applicability of Modified Agricultural Waste for Contaminant Removal from Real Textile Wastewater

The textile industry produces enormous volumes of wastewater which must be treated effectively. In this study, biosorbent from the agricultural waste of potato peels (PP), which is environmentally friendly and easy to find everywhere, was used for the treatment of real textile wastewater. Physical modification, chemical activation, bio-hybrid and high-pressure modification processes were applied to PP to investigate the organic pollutant removal (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) and inorganic (Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) from original textile wastewater. Additionally, the effects of contact time (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 1440 min) and particle sizes (1.5–1.0 mm, 1.0–0.5 mm, and smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter) were investigated in a batch treatment system. Application of the physical modification process to PP presented an attractive solution for COD removal efficiency (69.50%) and removal efficiencies for four divalent metal ions; 78.6% for Cu2+, 63.6% for Ni2+, 40% for Fe2+, and 34.6% for Cd2+. FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis were performed to reveal the adsorption mechanism of the modified adsorbents. The FT-IR results indicate that the adsorption process fits the chemical and physical removal mechanisms, which were also supported by SEM images and EDX results.

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Preparation of activated carbon from banana peel waste for reducing air pollutant from motorcycle muffler

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815401021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 01021 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Achmad Chafidz ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Dhoni Hartanto ◽

Aulia Septiani Mutia ◽

Purtiah Rantau Sari

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Economic Value ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Ft Ir

The exhaust gas or emission from motor vehicle contains various pollutants and some of them are toxic and very harmful for human health. In the present work, we prepared an activated carbon to reduce the toxic pollutants (via adsorption process) from the exhaust gas of the motor vehicle (particularly motorcycle in this work). The activated carbon was prepared from local banana peel which considered as an agricultural waste without economic value. To prepare the activated carbon, banana peel was carbonized using furnace at 500°C. Then the resulted carbon was activated using chemical activation with ZnCl2 and physical activation with either microwave (300 W) or furnace (700°C). The prepared activated carbon was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The SEM result showed that the pore of microwave induced ZnCl2 activated carbon (ACM) was larger than the pore of virgin char/carbon and furnace induced ZnCl2 activataed carbon (ACF). The FT-IR spectrum of ACM showed some peaks at 3408.59 cm-1, 1589.25 cm-1, and 1093.63 cm-1. They are assigned to O-H stretching, C=O stretching, and C-OH stretching. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the prepared activation carbon to reduce the pollutants concentration (i.e. CO and CH) from the exhaust gas of motor vehicle was investigated. The results showed that the activated carbon induced by microwave and ZnCl2 activation (ACM) gave the best result. The adsorption or removal efficiency of gas CO reached approximately 97.64 %vol.

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Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Potassium Hydroxide

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 79-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sahira Joshi ◽

Bhadra Prasad Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Sem Images ◽

Monolayer Adsorption ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC. SEM images show the highly porous characteristics of AC with full of cavities. The Iodine number of AC revealed that the AC was found to be highly micro-porous. The adsorption of methylene blue by prepared AC was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 158 mg/g. The analysis showed that the AC prepared from Lapsi seed stone activated with potassium hydroxide could be a low-cost adsorbent with favorable surface properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 79–88

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EFFECT OF PETROLUME REFINERY WASTEWATER ON PLANT GROWTH IN INTEGRATED MICROBIAL FUEL CELL-CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS SYSTEMS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 1239-1248

Author(s):

Hussain & Ismail

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Organic Content ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Refinery Wastewater ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽

Healthy Growth

Three identically designed microbial fuel cell-constructed wetland (MFC-CW) systems were constructed and setup in this study for simultaneous biotreatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) and bioelectricity generation. MFC-CW1 and MFC-CW2 were planted with Canna indica, and Phragmites australis, respectively. MFC-CW3 was unplanted and considered as the control. These three systems were operated simultaneously in a batch mode for two cycles to evaluate the effect of PRW biotreatment on the growth and development of the selected plants and the potential of generated bioelectricity as well. The operation period for each cycle was 8 days. Results demonstrated that maximum removal efficiency of the organic content represented as chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 98.75%, 97.67%, and 97.83% observed in MFC-CW1, MFC-CW2, and MFC-CW3, respectively, whereby, the highest power generation were 19.86, 19.04, and 18.7 mW/m2, respectively. On the other hand, both types of plants exhibited notable growth and new sprouts appearance. The potential convergence of the results in the three MFC-CWs, and the healthy growth of both types of plants clearly and potentially indicated that the dominant mechanism of organic pollutant removal was via biodegradation process by the anodic biofilm in the MFC rather than being removed by phytoremediation process.

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Production of Activated Carbon from Carbonaceous Agricultural Waste Material: Coconut Fibres

Nigerian Journal of Technology ◽

10.4314/njt.v40i1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

E.O. Ohimor ◽

D.O. Temisa ◽

P.I. Ononiwu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽

Carbon Adsorption ◽

Infrared Reflection ◽

Morphological Composition ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Coconut Fibers

Activated carbon was produced from Cocos nucifera (coconut) fibers by carbonization and activation processes. The sample was first pretreated before carbonization and activation processes at 450°C and 700°C respectively in an electric furnace. Chemical activation using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 4:1 (weight basis) was carried out to increase the activated carbon adsorption properties. The element contained in the sample was analyzed using the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) while the surface morphological composition was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the chemical bonds present in the sample was characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR). From the research carried out, the results show that activated carbon produced from coconut fibers would be useful and effective for adsorbent purposes, considering its large pores.

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Laboratory solid waste from practical activity as activated carbon precursor for reducing methylene blue in the laboratory wastewater

Jurnal TEMAPELA ◽

10.25077/temapela.3.2.73-79.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Aninda Tifani Puari

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Koh Activation ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Basic Biology

Activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste has become one promising way to produce AC regarding to low price of the precursor and its effect to environment. In this research, the solid waste from the basic biology practical in UPT. Basic and Central Laboratory, Andalas University (Unand) was utilized as the precursor for producing low price AC. The activation was done by chemical activation using three different activating agents which were zink chloride (ZnCl2), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH). The carbonization process was done at temperature of 700°C. The precursor and three different AC after activation were characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine the functional group and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the pores structure. The adsorption efficiency (AE) of each AC on methylene blue (MB) contained in laboratory wastewater was examined through adsorption process with retention time of 30 minutes at room temperature and neutral pH. SEM analysis showed that the three activating agents were resulting in higher surface area and more pores were formed. The highest AE of MB from laboratory wastewater for each AC were 97,5 %, 96,31%, and 90,79 for KOH, , ZnCl2, and H3PO4, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption capacity was achieved by AC through KOH activation with 0,003 mg/g

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The Development of Pemetrexed Diacid-Loaded Gelatin-Cloisite 30B (MMT) Nanocomposite for Improved Oral Efficacy Against Cancer: Characterization, In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Assessment

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200210120231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 246-256

Author(s):

Kriti Soni ◽

Ali Mujtaba ◽

Md. Habban Akhter ◽

Kanchan Kohli

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Oral Delivery ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Sem Images ◽

Cloisite 30B ◽

Ft Ir

Aim: The intention of this investigation was to develop Pemetrexed Diacid (PTX)-loaded gelatine-cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for the potential oral delivery of PTX and the in vitro, and ex vivo assessment. Background: Gelatin/Cloisite 30 B (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with MMT in aqueous solution. Methods: PTX was incorporated into the nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Confocal Laser Microscopy (CLSM). FT-IR of nanocomposite showed the disappearance of all major peaks which corroborated the formation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to have a particle size of 121.9 ± 1.85 nm and zeta potential -12.1 ± 0.63 mV. DSC thermogram of drug loaded nanocomposites indicated peak at 117.165 oC and 205.816 oC, which clearly revealed that the drug has been incorporated into the nanocomposite because of cross-linking of cloisite 30 B and gelatin in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Results: SEM images of gelatin show a network like structure which disappears in the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. The drug release from nanocomposites was in a controlled manner, followed by first-order kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of Fickian type. Conclusion: Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed 4 times enhancement in the permeation of drug present in the nanocomposite as compared to plain drug solution and were further affirmed by CLSM. Thus, gelatin/(MMT) nanocomposite could be promising for the oral delivery of PTX in cancer therapy and future prospects for the industrial pharmacy.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Application of N,N-Dimethyl-N-Sulfoethan Ammonium tetra-Chloro Aluminate: A Novel micro-Heterogeneous Cata-lyst for Synthesis of tri-Arylmethanes

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617999200925205313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Saeid Azimi ◽

Niloofar Mohamadighader

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Aromatic Aldehydes ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Sem Images ◽

One Pot ◽

Acidic Catalyst ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract: A new solid catalyst was synthesized from an ionic liquid and heterogenised by changing anion reaction. The new heterogeneous acidic catalyst was characterized by SEM images, EDS analysis, AFM images, Ft-IR, HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. It was applied to synthesis of tri-arylmethanes throughout one-pot tri-component reactions among aromatic aldehydes, N,N-dimethylaniline and other carbonic nucleophiles such as anisole and indole. Hence, synthesis of convenient and inexpensive micro-heterogeneous catalyst was introduced, the efficiency of which was confirmed. Also, various useful products were synthesized throughout this simple and clean procedure.

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Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Effect of Bioactive Compound Quercetin Extracted from Ocimum sanctum Leaves

Current Nanomedicine ◽

10.2174/2468187310999201117155414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Amutha Santhanam ◽

Naveen Kumar Chandrasekharan ◽

Rajangam Ilangovan

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Nickel Nanoparticles ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Cell Cycle Analysis ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Sem Images ◽

Ft Ir

Background: The occurrence of Cancer results in cellular changes that causes the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Apoptosis removes cells during development and eliminates the potentially cancerous cells. The bioactive compounds present in the herbal plant shows cytotoxic activity that result in apoptosis. The traditional herbal plants are used world-wide both in allopathy and other traditional ways. Objective: The main objective of this study is to extract the bioactive compound Quercetin from the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum and also to develop nanomedicine as Qu-PEG-NiGs. Materials and Methods: Leaf extract of the medicinally significant plant Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) has been used for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) and extraction of quercetin (Qu). The ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum is added to 1 mM Nickel Nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) and stirred for 3 hrs at RT and dried at 60°C for 3hrs and calcinated at 400°C for 2hrs and characterized using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, DLS and Zeta potential. The Quercetin is isolated from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract using the reflux condenser method. The bio-polymer is being PEG-coated over NiGs and Quercetin is loaded into it. The apoptosis activity using MCF-7 cells is performed with Qu-PEG-NiGs. The purity of Quercetin is characterized using HPLC. In order to analyse apoptosis efficiency, MTT assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cell cycle analysis has been performed. Results: The NiGs absorption spectrum gives a peak at 408nm. The FT-IR confirms the presence of particular functional groups shifting from the compound NiGs and then coated with PEG-Qu-NiGs. The SEM images show the size of NiGs ranging from 27.3 nm to 40.4 nm with varied morphology such as hexagonal and other irregular shapes. The presence of Quercetin extracted from the leaf powder is approximately 1.5 mg/g. The ROS results show the Qu-PEG-NiGs induced efficiency of the apoptosis, while the increased concentrations promote ROS and lead to activation of the apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has shown the cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: PEG-coated nickel nanoparticles can be used as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against MCF7 breast cancer cells. It is the evidence to further studies for evaluating Qu-PEG-NiGs anticancer activity on different types of cancer cells.

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Clean one-pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrans using a green and magnetically recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst

SynOpen ◽

10.1055/a-1469-6721 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mina Ghassemi ◽

Ali Maleki

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Copper Ferrite ◽

Multicomponent Synthesis ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Sem Images ◽

One Pot ◽

Three Component Reaction ◽

Ft Ir ◽

The One

Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized via thermal decomposition method and applied as a reusable and green catalyst in the synthesis of functionalized 4H-pyran derivatives using malononitrile, an aromatic aldehyde and a β-ketoester in ethanol at room temperature. Then it was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, thermo gravimetric and differential thermo gravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis. The catalyst was recovered from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet and decanting the mixture. Recycled catalyst was reused for several times without significant loss in its activity. Running the one-pot three-component reaction at room temperature, no use of eternal energy source and using a green solvent provide benign, mild, and environmentally friendly reaction conditions; as well, ease of catalyst recovering, catalyst recyclability, no use of column chromatography and good to excellent yields are extra advantages of this work.

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Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1086

Author(s):

Mario Licata ◽

Roberto Ruggeri ◽

Nicolò Iacuzzi ◽

Giuseppe Virga ◽

Davide Farruggia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Giant Reed

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.

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