Assessing Natural Gas Versus CO2 Potential Underground Storage Sites in Greece: A Pragmatic Approach †

Although subsurface traps have been regularly explored for hydrocarbon exploration, natural gas and CO2 storage has drawn industrial attention over the past few decades, thanks to the increasing demand for energy resources and the need for greenhouse gas mitigation. With only one depleted hydrocarbon field in Greece, saline aquifers, salt caverns and sedimentary basins ought to be evaluated in furtherance of the latter. Within this study the potential of the Greek subsurface for underground storage is discussed. An overview and re-evaluation of the so-far studied areas is implemented based on the available data. Lastly, a pragmatic approach for the storage potential in Greece was created, delineating gaps and risks in the already proposed sites. Based on the above details, a case study for CO2 storage is presented, which is relevant to the West Katakolo field saline aquifer.

Aggressive Language in Literature: A Pragmatic Approach

Aggression is a negative form of an anti-social behavior. It is produced because of a particular reason, desire, want, need, or due to the psychological state of the aggressor. It injures others physically or psychologically. Aggressive behaviors in human interactions cause discomfort and disharmony among interlocutors. The paper aims to identify how aggressive language manifests itself in the data under scrutiny in terms of the pragmatic paradigm. Two British literary works are the data; namely, Look Back in Anger by John Osborne (1956), and The Birthday Party by Harold Pinter (1957). This paper endeavors to answer the question of how aggressive language is represented in literature pragmatically? It is hoped to be significant to linguistic and psychological studies in that it clarifies how aggression is displayed in human communications linguistically. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted to verify the findings. It ends with some concluding remarks, the most important of which are: insulting, belittling, ridiculing and threatening are prevalent speech acts; simile, hyperbole, metaphor and repetition appear due to Grice’s maxims breaching while the use of taboo words, calling names, or abusive words are the impoliteness strategies that are distinguished in the data.

Revitalizing Local Wisdom in Balinese Simile: An Effort to Enhance Balinese Youth Character

The moral message in local languages is often referred to as local wisdom. Local wisdom plays a very important role in people's lives since it is used as a means and basis for solving their encountered various problems. As one of the big local languages in Indonesia, the Balinese language contains many figurative languages that are rich in local wisdom values. The values have proven to be a shield to protect the Balinese people and their culture from the globalization attack. For this reason, local wisdom found in Balinese figurative language needs to be revitalized to be understood and implemented by the younger generation of Bali. One of the figurative languages studied in this study is the simile. Similes of the Balinese language are studied by combining three approaches, namely ecolinguistic, pragmatic, and cultural approaches, to reach detailed analysis results. Simile as part of a metaphor is an expression or discourse conveyed by the speaker indirectly to the interlocutor with certain aims and objectives. The ecolinguistic approach examines the form, function, and meaning or ideology contained in metaphorical language. Meanwhile, a pragmatic approach and a cultural approach are used to assist the ecolinguistic approach in uncovering the functions of figurative language in society and explaining the meaning or ideology existing in Balinese society. The values were reviewed for relevance to the current people's lives contaminated by information technology and tourism development.

Conversational Implicatures on Saturday Night Live Talk Show

Conversational implicature seems to be an everlasting concern in pragmatics for its wide-ranging investigation possibility. Applying Gricean’s principles, the present study examined the types of conversational implicatures found in the Saturday Night Live talk show. This research used a qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. The research data were collected from the utterances in Season 46 Episode 5 accessed from MBC's channel (www. saturday night live – NBC.COM). The result indicated that there were two types of conversational implicatures found in Saturday Night Live talk show namely: First, particularized conversational implicature, and second, generalized conversational implicature. We found that the utterances containing particularized implicature outnumbered the ones with generalized implicature. In our interpretation, the dominance of particularized implicature reflects the centrality of the particular context in producing and inferring utterances for meaningful and effective communication.

A Pragmatic Approach to Assessment of Chronic and Recurrent Pain in Children with Severe Neurologic Impairment

The term “severe neurologic impairment” (SNI) is used to describe a group of disorders of the central nervous system which arise in childhood, resulting in motor impairment, cognitive impairment and medical complexity. As a result, much assistance is required with activities of daily living. Since these patients are often unable to self-report pain, or they may exhibit uncommon behaviors when suffering, pain manifestations may go unrecognized. In this article, the basic principles of how to approach pain in children with SNI are discussed.

THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLIMENT STRATEGIES IN A MOVIE ENTITLED THE SPECTACULAR NOW

<p>This research focuses on what kind of compliment and compliment responses in a movie entitled <em>The Spectacular Now</em>. This paper tries to find out the types of compliment’s topics, to reveal the functions of each type of compliment’s topics and to figure out the types of compliment responses employed by the characters in the movie entitled <em>The Spectacular Now</em>. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This research uses a pragmatic approach. The technique used is purposive sampling, meaning that the researcher took all of dialogues containing giving and responding compliments as data. The results show that first the most common topic of compliment used by the characters is the ability topic. Following the Wolfson’s theory, there are five functions found in the movie. They are to express admiration or approval, to maintain rapport, to modify sarcasm, to encourage, and to give positive evaluation for someone. Furthermore, there are eight compliment responses found in the movie based on Herbert’s classification. They are appreciation token, no-acknowledgement, comment acceptance, question, scale down, disagreement, request, and return. Based on the analysis, the most widely used is appreciation token with verbal acceptance.</p>

REQUEST AS ONE OF THE SPEECH GENRES OF RELIGIOUS COMMUNICATION

The article is devoted to the study of such a speech genre as a request, which is actively used in interpersonal religious communication. The material for the study was the prayers, psalms of King David and the Book of Proverbs of Solomon, which are based on this form of communication. The study shows that the request belongs to the imperative speech genres, is an independent type of motivation, and has a set of specific properties. The specific situation of communication determines the choice of language forms of expression of the semantics of the request, and the addresser's intentions, which are implemented in it, make it possible to distinguish several types of requests. Statements have a spiritual component and are dialogical in nature. Their context directs the addressee to perform a post-communicative action, which is directly related to the addresser's desire to satisfy the necessary request. The paper uses a communicative-pragmatic approach, which allows us to explore the speech genre, taking into account all possible language means, special properties, aimed at implementing the semantics of the request in a communication situation. The results of the study are important for understanding the essence of religious communication.

HEALTH PROTOCOLS AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE SUGGESTIONS DURING COVID-19 IN INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH’S KOMIK SEHAT: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH

The government has enforced much socialization on health protocols and healthy lifestyle implementation during Covid-19, one of them through social media by presenting comics featuring utterances of characters. Accordingly, this research explains the utterances of comic characters that represent suggestions for implementing health protocols and healthy lifestyles during Covid-19. The objective of this study is to explain the strategy of delivering comic character messages that suggest health protocols and healthy lifestyles implementation. The data used in this paper are 38 Comics strips uploaded by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in their Instagram account entitled Komik Sehat. The results showed that of the 212 illocutionary speech acts, only 40.57% of utterances conveyed messages implementation of health protocols suggestions, and 6.6% of utterances conveyed messages implementation of healthy lifestyle suggestions. Therefore, the strategy of delivering messages on recommended health protocols and healthy lifestyles through stories in Healthy Comics is not effectively carried out by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region

Chinese economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping have given China the necessary push for the development and growth of the domestic economy. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping claims, that the originally planned transformation is completed, and China is ready for achieving new goals, such as first peripherical and, later, global dominance, leadership in manufacturing and technology and probably even the moral benchmark. The PRC presents a new model of global order with its active position as the super nation.Chinese current behaviour on the international stage is the direct illustration of the political thought of Xi Jinping. To understand the main principles and the vision of the PRC under Xi, his principles of diplomacy have been analysed.This paper claims, that the rhetoric of Xi Jinping and his administration is a neo-pragmatic approach, which includes nativism, anti-traditionalism and pragmatism within.The article takes as a case study for the implementation of the Chinese foreign policy the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) member states.Contrarily to the American dominance, China suggests guidance, collaboration with mutual benefits and growth, which involves both sides. “Shift in space” stresses the concrete steps for achieving the “China’s dream” of rejuvenation.