Biofertilizers in the control of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean crop

Nematodes are of great importance in soybean cultivation, especially the Pratylenchus brachyurus known as root lesion nematode. Its attack on plant roots causes less efficiency in the absorption of water and nutrients, in addition to damaging the plant's development. There is still no fully efficient method to control this phytopathogen, however, some products are available on the market, including biological control. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate commercial biological products in the efficiency of reducing the nematode population in soybean crop in Goiás, Brazil. The design was completely randomized in a 2x4 factorial scheme, the first factor being two soybean genotypes (Brasmax Bônus and Nidera NS 8383) and the second factor the treatments consisting of different dosages in an association of three commercial products: No-Estio®, Bio-fertility® and Radic®. The treatments used were: T1 control - without application of the products; T2 half the recommended dose; T3 the recommended dose and T4 a dose and a half that recommended by the manufacturer. Plant evaluation was carried out after 75 days of nematode inoculation. The results obtained showed that both cultivars hosted P. brachyurus, however, the treatments using the products had a lower population density of this nematode. It was concluded that the two soybean cultivars are hosts of Pratylenchus brachyurus. The agronomic character plant height was more affected when there was no application by the biological method. The association of No-Estio®, Bio-fertility® and Radic® products reduced the population density of nematodes in infected plants.

EVALUASI ASPEK FUNGSI, ESTETIKA DAN AGRONOMIS TANAMAN TEPI JALAN DI JALAN IJEN KOTA MALANG

The research’s general objective was to study and evaluate; the function, aesthetic and agronomical aspects of side street plants at Ijen Street, Malang. Plant evaluation was needed to optimize plant effectiveness on the side of the streets, in realizing the city’s road concept that gives fluentness, safety, and improving environmental street visual quality. This is important especially for the side street plants to fulfil architectural, functional, and aesthetical values for the city environment. There was a lack of functional effectiveness at the traffic island as a site, caused by none continuation of tree planting. At one segment of the street the trees where physical and visual barries causing the inconvenience of concealing clear view. All segments of Ijen Street don’t have the function of a collision buffer. There was a windbreak function created by plant settlement with a corridor form. Plant function as sun control was accommodated in all of the street segments. Generally, the plant cover function by the plants has not been completed. The erosion control was accommodated by plant settlement at the traffic island in the street of Ijen. Plants function as noise control and identity was fulfilled with the existence of Rhoistonia reggia along the street. Overall the plants of Ijen Street have a lot of functions that help the site to improve environmental quality. Assessment of the esthetic aspect obtained from the election of plants types and a planting plan revealed that improvement to support the development function was required, according to of plants as agronomy value the existing plants can support plants function and add esthetical value.

DOMESTIC COMMUNAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EVALUATION IN SINDANGRASA, BOGOR, INDONESIA

The communal domestic wastewater treatment plant functions to collect and treat domestic wastewater at the source location according to the communal scale treatment capacity. The communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in RT (neighborhood association) 01 / RW (citizen association) 09 Sindangrasa was built in 2016 using the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) system. This study aims to evaluate the Communal WWTP by analyzing the quality of wastewater compared to PerMenLH No. 68 of 2016, calculates the processing efficiency and analyzes the water quality of the community wells around the Communal WWTP compared to regulation of PerMenKes No.416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. Data collection techniques using the Slovin technique in the pre-research stage, direct sampling on location and testing in an accredited laboratory. The results showed the quality of wastewater exceeds the quality standard for BOD, TSS and Total Coliform parameters, the quality of residents' well water exceeds the quality standard for parameters pH, Cr VI and Total Coliform. Communal WWTPs in RT 01/ RW 09 Sindangrasa have not been efficient in treating residents' domestic wastewater. The management of Communal WWTPs needs to be improved so that the effluent quality and processing efficiency values ​​meet the specified regulatory standards.