Status and Challenges in Homogenization Methods for Lattice Materials

Lattice structures have shown great potential in that mechanical properties are customizable without changing the material itself. Lattice materials could be light and highly stiff as well. With this flexibility of designing structures without raw material processing, lattice structures have been widely used in various applications such as smart and functional structures in aerospace and computational mechanics. Conventional methodologies for understanding behaviors of lattice materials take numerical approaches such as FEA (finite element analysis) and high-fidelity computational tools including ANSYS and ABAQUS. However, they demand a high computational load in each geometry run. Among many other methodologies, homogenization is another numerical approach but that enables to model behaviors of bulk lattice materials by analyzing either a small portion of them using numerical regression for rapid processing. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of representative homogenization methodologies and their status and challenges in lattice materials with their fundamentals.

Archival Data Thinking and Practices for Social Media Collections

In the Web 2.0 Era, most social media archives are born digital and large-scale. With an increasing need for processing them at a fast speed, researchers and archivists have started applying data science methods in managing social media data collections. However, many of the current computational or data-driven archival processing methods are missing the critical background understandings like “why we need to use computational methods,” and “how to evaluate and improve data-driven applications.” As a result, many computational archival science (CAS) attempts, with comparatively narrow scopes and low efficiencies, are not sufficiently holistic. In this talk, we first introduce the proposed concept of “Archival Data Thinking” that highlights the desirable comprehensiveness in mapping data science mindsets to archival practices. Next, we examine several examples of implementing “Archival Data Thinking” in processing two social media collections: (i) the COVID-19 Hate Speech Twitter Archive (CHSTA) and (ii) the Counter-anti-Asian Hate Twitter Archive (CAAHTA), both of which are with millions of records and their metadata, and needs for rapid processing. Finally, as a future research direction, we briefly discuss the standards and infrastructures that can better support the implementation of “Archival Data Thinking”.

TESTING IN GOOGLE FORMS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF DIAGNOSING THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF LISTENERS OF QUALIFICATION COURSES

The article focuses on the role of pedagogical testing, which is carried out for the aim of test diagnostics at different stages of learning (initial, in the process of learning the material and its control). It is emphasized that today computer testing is widely used due to the fact that it helps to optimize the educational process and allows you to quickly and objectively perform evaluations with rapid processing of results and the use of feedback technology to build a person-centered learning trajectory. There are a number of benefits to computer testing. The Google Form service, which is often used to create computer tests, is briefly described. For the aim of our research, the results of which are presented in the article, we chose to prove the effectiveness of computer testing created using Google forms at the stage of input control to build a trajectory of the special course and the final - to determine the effectiveness of training. The research method provided using a computer test-questionnaire created with the help of a Google form to conduct a survey of respondents, students of the special course «Media Literacy of a Teacher Philologist», to quickly obtain the necessary information about them to build an effective learning strategy. It is shown that the answers to the computer questionnaire-test before starting the thematic special course give the curator the opportunity to study the target audience of the special course and adjust the learning strategy and identify productive methods of media literacy that will be effective in this special course, specific group. After completing the special course, get factual data on the level of media literacy acquired by students after studying in the special course and prove or disprove the effectiveness of training. Figures of the total indicator of the level of media literacy of teachers of philological disciplines have proved the effectiveness of the use of computer testing in the process of organizing education. It was found that computer tests, created using the service «Google Form», allow the teacher based on the analysis of respondents’ answers to quickly establish the level of education (in our case – the level of media literacy) of students before learning and take it into account when building a personality-oriented trajectory training in a special course, as well as to establish the effectiveness of training on it.

EXPRESS: Feelings first? Sex differences in affective and cognitive processes in emotion recognition

The recognition of emotional expressions is important for social understanding and interaction, but findings on the relationship between emotion recognition, empathy and theory of mind, as well as sex differences in these relationships, have been inconsistent. This may reflect the relative involvement of affective and cognitive processes at different stages of emotion recognition and in different experimental paradigms. In the present study, images of faces morphed from neutral to full expression of five basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness), which participants were asked to identify as quickly and accurately as possible. Accuracy and response times from healthy males (N=46) and females (N=43) were analysed in relation to the Empathy Quotient (EQ; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) as a measure of mentalising or theory of mind. Females were faster and more accurate than males in recognising dynamic emotions. Linear mixed-effects modelling showed that response times were inversely related to the emotional empathy subscale of the EQ, but this was accounted for by a female advantage on both measures. Accuracy was unrelated to EQ scores but was predicted independently by sex and Eyes Test scores. These findings suggest that rapid processing of dynamic emotional expressions is strongly influenced by sex, which may reflect the greater involvement of affective processes at earlier stages of emotion recognition.

Progress of Microfluidic Continuous Separation Techniques for Micro-/Nanoscale Bioparticles

Separation of micro- and nano-sized biological particles, such as cells, proteins, and nucleotides, is at the heart of most biochemical sensing/analysis, including in vitro biosensing, diagnostics, drug development, proteomics, and genomics. However, most of the conventional particle separation techniques are based on membrane filtration techniques, whose efficiency is limited by membrane characteristics, such as pore size, porosity, surface charge density, or biocompatibility, which results in a reduction in the separation efficiency of bioparticles of various sizes and types. In addition, since other conventional separation methods, such as centrifugation, chromatography, and precipitation, are difficult to perform in a continuous manner, requiring multiple preparation steps with a relatively large minimum sample volume is necessary for stable bioprocessing. Recently, microfluidic engineering enables more efficient separation in a continuous flow with rapid processing of small volumes of rare biological samples, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and even cells. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances in microfluidic separation of micro-/nano-sized bioparticles by summarizing the physical principles behind the separation system and practical examples of biomedical applications.

The human olfactory bulb processes odor valence representation and cues motor avoidance behavior

Determining the valence of an odor to guide rapid approach–avoidance behavior is thought to be one of the core tasks of the olfactory system, and yet little is known of the initial neural mechanisms supporting this process or of its subsequent behavioral manifestation in humans. In two experiments, we measured the functional processing of odor valence perception in the human olfactory bulb (OB)—the first processing stage of the olfactory system—using a noninvasive method as well as assessed the subsequent motor avoidance response. We demonstrate that odor valence perception is associated with both gamma and beta activity in the human OB. Moreover, we show that negative, but not positive, odors initiate an early beta response in the OB, a response that is linked to a preparatory neural motor response in the motor cortex. Finally, in a separate experiment, we show that negative odors trigger a full-body motor avoidance response, manifested as a rapid leaning away from the odor, within the time period predicted by the OB results. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the human OB processes odor valence in a sequential manner in both the gamma and beta frequency bands and suggest that rapid processing of unpleasant odors in the OB might underlie rapid approach–avoidance decisions.

Platform Law and Platform Solutions in the Fight against the Pandemic

The paper looks at the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, focusing upon the invaluable contribution of the platform technologies and artificial intelligence to the fight against this suddenly impending threat. Applying analytical techniques, we focus on some Asian countries (i.e. Singapore, China), Russia and the USA. The results demonstrate that rapid processing of large amounts of data, standardization protocols and quick analysis within a tight deadline cannot be overestimated. However, lack of the appropriate legal regulation significantly limits the functionality of platform solutions. We live in a modern legal state, where human rights arerecognized as the highest value, so implementation of new technologies, regardless of their efficiency and practical value, should not infringe the rights of citizens, but meet the requirements of the law. The article tackles the problem of global COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the international experience in the use of artificial intelligence and arising legal issues associated with human rights and information privacy laws. This will help to determine the vector of the legislation development globally among the continents and in the Russian Federation specifically.

Real-time database of the subsystem of monitoring the process of growing vegetable products in the greenhouse

When choosing systems for automatic control of the microclimate of the greenhouse should take into account the requirements that affect the process itself. In the process of growing different crops in the greenhouse, it is necessary to maintain the temperature and humidity according to the technology for the comfortable development of the plant, which will further affect the quality of the crop. An important factor is the fixation of all measured values for further processing of the results, and in paper and mostly unstructured form it is not so convenient to do. That is why information control systems provide constant fixation of measured values and maintain indicators that will be comfortable for a particular variety grown in the greenhouse. The aim of the study is to create software for an automated subsystem for monitoring technological parameters, which will allow in real time to obtain indicators of the microclimate of the greenhouse. To effectively manage the parameters of greenhouse cultivation and rapid processing of measured data, it is proposed to improve automated software management systems for creating databases. An automated subsystem for monitoring technological parameters has been developed, which allows to obtain real-time indicators of the greenhouse microclimate, control their values, process them statistically and demonstrate them to the staff. An application for reading and outputting measured information from the Arduino hardware platform has also been created. Key words: human-machine interface, monitoring, air temperature, microclimate, greenhouse

Evidence for a general impairment of auditory and visual temporal order judgment in children with reading disabilities

Objectives: This study examined visual and auditory processing of children with reading disabilities (RD) to determine whether they show an impaired ability to judge a reading-related process such as temporal order of events and clarify whether or not this deficit is linked to rapid processing deficit. Method: The performance of 16 children with RD was compared with the performance of children in two control groups – one for chronological age (CA) and one for the same reading level –, doing visual and auditory temporal order tasks, both with linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli with inter-stimuli-intervals of 50, 150, or 300 ms. Results: The RD group performance was lower than the performance of the CA group in tasks requiring auditory temporal order processing for linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli. Regarding visual tasks, the RD group performed worse than both control groups in processing non-linguistic stimuli. In general, performance in every group decreased with decreasing inter-stimulus-interval (ISIs), suggesting that children with RD do not have impairments in the speed of perceptual processing. Conclusions: The perceptual problems of children with RD are better explained by temporal order processing problems than by difficulties in rapid processing. Inclusion of temporal order processing tasks in the evaluation of children with RD is recommended.