Abstract
Background
This paper aimed at describing childbearing decision-making, fertility and contraceptive intentions and associated social demographic factors among disadvantaged street adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda while considering rural-urban migration aspects as an explanatory factor.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 513 adolescents and youth aged 12–24 years self-identifying as street adolescents and youth were interviewed with a structured questionnaire in 2019. Street adolescents and youth who migrated from other rural districts to Kampala were compared with those from the city. Street adolescents and youth who migrated from other rural districts to Kampala were classified as migrants while those without the rural experience were considered non-migrants. Logistic regression was applied to assess associations between independent factors and personal childbearing decision-making, fertility intentions and contraceptive intentions.
Results
Overall, 80.31% of the street adolescents and youth had a rural-urban migration experience. Fifty six percent (56.32%) of the street adolescents and youth made personal childbearing decisions, 94.15% expressed intentions to have children in the future and 42.88% expressed intentions to use contraceptives in the future. Intentions to use contraceptives were significantly higher among males (58.75%) than females (20%). Contraceptive intentions were positively associated with self-perceived permanent residential status (aOR = 10.26, 2.70-39.08), more intra-urban mobility (aOR = 4.99, 95%CI 1.50-16.59) and intentions to migrate to other towns within the country (aOR = 5.33,95%CI 1.59–17.80). Regarding migration aspects, street adolescents and youth who had cyclic movements between the city and district of origin were less likely to make personal childbearing decisions compared to those who never had repeat migration (aOR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.05–0.94). We found no significant association between the social demographic characteristics and fertility intentions.
Conclusions
Street adolescents and youth with a rural-urban migration experience have less control over personal childbearing decision-making and contraceptive intentions than the non-cyclic migrant counterparts. Factors that influence personal childbearing decision-making and contraceptive intentions among street adolescents and young people in Kampala city operate mainly at the interpersonal and local level, with migration and mobility patterns playing a central role in both perspectives. Programmes and services to prevent promote contraceptives and contraceptive use particularly among the vulnerable street adolescents and youth should take into consideration migration patterns of the street children.