Acoustical Respiratory Monitoring in the Time Domain

This paper introduces the reader to some of the various methods that are available for the time-domain bio-acoustical monitoring of patient breathing. Technical details concerning microphone selection, calibration and characterization, signal amplification, signal filtering and waveform recording are presented. We also describe proof of concept recordings obtained from the neck, from the external ear canal, from a microphone embedded into an oxygen mask and from a leak-free microphone pneumatically connected to the cuff of a laryngeal mask airway. We recommend Audacity, an open-source digital audio editor and recording package that can be freely downloaded at https://www.audacityteam.org for investigators seeking to conduct research on breath sound analysis.

A Simple Acoustic Sensor Test Platform for Respiratory and Cardiac Acoustical Monitoring

The properties of various acoustic interfaces (stethoscopes) for respiratory monitoring and phonocardiography are compared using a special-purpose custom-built electronic vibration platform that can be driven by an electronic test signal. Sample sensitivity data for various stethoscope designs are presented in this study.

Geometrical Parametrization of Piezoelectric Sensors for Acoustical Monitoring in Hadrontherapy

Hadrontherapy has been constantly evolving in leaps and bounds since the 1950s, when the use of heavy particles was proposed as an alternative treatment to radiotherapy with gamma rays or electrons. The main objective of this treatment is to maximize the dose applied to the tumour, avoiding damage to the surrounding tissue. One of the keys to the success of hadrontherapy is to achieve instantaneous monitoring of the energy deposition in the environment. Since energy deposition leads to the generation of a thermoacoustic pulse, acoustic technologies have been tested with successful results. However, for this purpose, it is essential to increase the sensitivity of the sensors for the acoustical signal and, therefore, to optimize their geometry as a function of the beam that would be used. We have studied a PTZ material in volumetric and surface volumes through experimental measures and FEM methods. In this text, we start with numerical studies which determine the dependence of the thermoacoustic signal frequency with the energy and duration of the hadron beam.

ACOUSTICAL MONITORING, PLANNING AND DESIGN OF URBAN TERRITORIES

The problems connected with acoustical monitoring, planning and design of urban territories are considered. Approaches to acoustical monitoring of urban territories are described. Peculiarities of acoustical planning and design of urban territories are described taking to account European and Russian experience. The holistic approach to planning and acoustical design of landscapes is suggested. Smart solutions are considered as a part of the global comfort scheme: smart urban planning shows various connections with smart noise action plans. Examples of smart solutions are presented. The results of work are allowing to make more comfortable acoustical environment in urban territories and to reduce negative impact of noise to the human health more efficiently.

Acoustical Respiratory Monitoring: Historical and Modern Aspects

This brief review introduces the reader to some of the various historical and modern methods that are available for the bio-acoustical assessment of patient breathing, with other bio-acoustical processes discussed peripherally. Some simple methods of respiratory assessment of historical interest are first discussed, along with more modern methods of patient acoustical monitoring based on advanced analytic methods.

Methods and Results of Monitoring of Acoustical Pollutions of Urban Territories on the Exhample of Samara Region of Russia

For the time being acoustical impact to the living territory is significantly increased. Imported methods of urban noise reduction are acoustical monitoring and noise mapping of urban territories. Important measures allowing to reduce negative noise impact are acoustical monitoring and noise mapping of urban territories. Peculiarities and negative features of existing methods of monitoring of acoustical pollutions are considered. Methods of monitoring with using of automated system are suggested allowing to carry out continuous measurements of noise and of the other parameters of environment. New approach to noise mapping is suggested. Methods and approaches to monitoring of acoustical pollutions are approbated in conditions of urban territory of Samara region of Russia. By using of the results of noise measurements and developed program provision noise maps of urban territory of Samara region have been developed.