Strategies to Increase the Value of Pomaces with Fermentation

The generation of pomaces from juice and olive oil industries is a major environmental issue. This review aims to provide an overview of the strategies to increase the value of pomaces by fermentation/biotransformation and explore the different aspects reported in scientific studies. Fermentation is an interesting solution to improve the value of pomaces (especially from grape, apple, and olive) and produce high-added value compounds. In terms of animal production, a shift in the fermentation process during silage production seems to happen (favoring ethanol production rather than lactic acid), but it can be controlled with starter cultures. The subsequent use of silage with pomace in animal production slightly reduces growth performance but improves animal health status. One of the potential applications in the industrial context is the production of enzymes (current challenges involve purification and scaling up the process) and organic acids. Other emerging applications are the production of odor-active compounds to improve the aroma of foods as well as the release of bound polyphenols and the synthesis of bioactive compounds for functional food production.

Using DAWs as modelling tools for learning design sound-based applications in education

This article discusses a proposed design and sound tool teaching and learning approach, with interesting solution-based challenges not immediately associated with traditional DAW instruction. By stepping outside of the usual boundaries of DAW use, music production teaching is presented with a number of novel learning challenges. There is potential for DAWs, especially in educational settings, to be used to enhance the discipline, encourage experimentation and stimulate design-based ideas that promote DAW use beyond the mixing and engineering type contexts. By shifting DAWs into areas of sound-based music, as proposed by Landy, this innovative approach, facilitates deeper, experiential learning where sound is treated as the basic musical unit, therefore allowing for a potentially greater range of designed outputs.

GBTX emulator for development and special versions of GBT-based readout chains

The GBTX ASIC is a standard solution for providing fast control and data readout for radiation detectors used in HEP experiments. However, it is subject to export control restrictions due to the usage of radiation-hard technology. An FPGA-based GBTX emulator (GBTxEMU) has been developed to enable the development of GBT-based readout chains in countries where the original GBTX cannot be imported. Thanks to utilizing a slightly modified GBT-FGPA core, it maintains basic compatibility with standard GBT-based systems. The GBTxEMU also may be an interesting solution for developing GBT-based readout chains for less demanding experiments.

Fighting Cancer with Bacteria and Their Toxins

Cancer is one of the most important global health problems that continues to demand new treatment strategies. Many bacteria that cause persistent infections play a role in carcinogenesis. However, since bacteria are well studied in terms of molecular mechanisms, they have been proposed as an interesting solution to treat cancer. In this review, we present the use of bacteria, and particularly bacterial toxins, in cancer therapy, highlighting the advantages and limitations of bacterial toxins. Proteomics, as one of the omics disciplines, is essential for the study of bacterial toxins. Advances in proteomics have contributed to better characterization of bacterial toxins, but also to the development of anticancer drugs based on bacterial toxins. In addition, we highlight the current state of knowledge in the rapidly developing field of bacterial extracellular vesicles, with a focus on their recent application as immunotherapeutic agents.

An Algorithm for Fast Multiplication of Kaluza Numbers

This paper presents a new algorithm for multiplying two Kaluza numbers. Performing this operation directly requires 1024 real multiplications and 992 real additions. We presented in a previous paper an effective algorithm that can compute the same result with only 512 real multiplications and 576 real additions. More effective solutions have not yet been proposed. Nevertheless, it turned out that an even more interesting solution could be found that would further reduce the computational complexity of this operation. In this article, we propose a new algorithm that allows one to calculate the product of two Kaluza numbers using only 192 multiplications and 384 additions of real numbers.

An effective control algorithm for dynamic voltage restorer under symmetrical and asymmetrical grid voltage conditions

Introduction. Voltage sag, which is associated to a transitory drop in the root mean square voltage characterizing an electrical source network. During these perturbations, the corresponding electronic customers and devices will suffer from serious operating troubles causing dangerous damages. Purpose. In order to attenuate this disturbance effects, the Controlled Dynamic Voltage Restorer constitutes a very interesting solution among many others that have been proposed. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting an enhanced algorithm to control efficiently the dynamic voltage restorer when voltage sag is suddenly occurred. Methods. The proposed algorithm is based on an instantaneous phase locked loop using a multi variable filter to synthesize unitary signals involved in compensation voltages computation relative to the sag apparition. Practical value. A detailed study concerning typical voltage sag, which is consolidated by simulation and experimental results, is conducted to show the used algorithm’s effectiveness to cancel the corresponding voltage sag.

Impact of Temperature on the Moisture Buffering Performance of Palm and Sunflower Concretes

The use of bio-based materials (BBM) in buildings is an interesting solution as they are eco-friendly materials and have low embodied energy. This article aims to investigate the hygric performance of two bio-based materials: palm and sunflower concretes. The moisture buffering value (MBV) characterizes the ability of a material or multilayer component to moderate the variation in the indoor relative humidity (RH). In the literature, the moisture buffer values of bio-based concretes were measured at a constant temperature of 23 °C. However, in reality, the indoor temperature of the buildings is variable. The originality of this article is found in studying the influence of the temperature on the moisture buffer performance of BBM. A study at wall scale on its impact on the indoor RH at room level will be carried out. First, the physical models are presented. Second, the numerical models are implemented in the Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel (SPARK) suited to complex problems. Then, the numerical model validated with the experimental results found in the literature is used to investigate the moisture buffering capacity of BBM as a function of the temperature and its application in buildings. The results show that the temperature has a significant impact on the moisture buffering capacity of bio-based building materials and its capacity to dampen indoor RH variation. Using the numerical model presented in this paper can predict and optimize the hygric performance of BBM designed for building application.

APPLICATION OF BIOMYMICRY PRINCIPLES IN THE OF DESIGN FURNITURE AND INTERIOR OBJECTS

Search for an artistic image is one of the important stages in the design of furniture and interior items. Nature and surrounding world is an unlimited source of ideas and inspiration for creative activities. Biomimicry is a relatively new scientific field that is becoming more popular every day. It uses the best ideas of nature to create new technologies and objects, combines many classical sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology and medicine, which determines its development and a wide scope of practical application. The aim of the study was to apply the principles of biomimicry when creating new shapes of furniture and interior items. The study is based on observation of selected natural objects, their abstraction using knowledge of geometric laws. The data obtained served as the basis for the development of new forms of products. From the research carried out, it can be concluded that the integration of the principles of biomimicry in the process of creating new elements and forms of furniture, interior items develops extraordinary thinking and creative skills among students and design specialists, enables them to obtain unusual, interesting solution

Develop Model for Controlled Depth Milling by Abrasive Water Jet of Ti6Al4V at Jet Inclination Angle

Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is an interesting solution for the production of shallow pockets in metal sheets made of titanium alloys. Indeed, it produces low cutting forces and heat generation and prevents deformation of these parts after machining. In addition, it has the advantage of only using two raw materials: sand and water. It is possible to generate pocket edges with an imposed geometry using AWJM, but it is necessary to tilt the axis of the jet. The material removal mechanism is then a function of the inclination angle. The presented study propose an improved model for modelling the pocket profile in TiAl6V parts. The experimental results shows that the model is efficient as the precision is around 5%.

Assessment of Integration between Lactic Acid, Biogas and Hydrochar Production in OFMSW Plants

Biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion and composting are known to be the most widespread methods to deal with Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). The production of biogas, a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, is worth but alone cannot solve the problems of waste disposal and recovery; moreover, the digestate could be stabilized by aerobic stabilization, which is one of the most widespread methods. The anaerobic digestion + composting integration converts 10% to 14% of the OFMSW into biogas, about 35–40% into compost and 35–40% into leachate. The economic sustainability could be rather increased by integrating the whole system with lactic acid production, because of the high added value and by substituting the composting process with the hydrothermal carbonization process. The assessment of this integrated scenario in term of mass balance demonstrates that the recovery of useful products with a potentially high economic added value increases, at the same time reducing the waste streams outgoing the plant. The economic evaluation of the operating costs for the traditional and the alternative systems confirms that the integration is a valid alternative and the most interesting solution is the utilization of the leachate produced during the anaerobic digestion process instead of fresh water required for the hydrothermal carbonization process.