Benchmarking as a tool for managing organizational innovations at investment and construction enterprises

This article defines the concept and importance of introducing organizational innovations for companies and substantiates the need to manage them. Organizational innovations ensure the survival of the organization on the market, they facilitate the longevity and success of the organization. The authors propose and argue the thesis: «Benchmarking is a tool for managing organizational innovations». It is through the exchange of experience and the study of methods of managerial activities, including the ones in the field of organizational innovations, that it is possible for a company to build an effective strategy of activity and achieve competitiveness.

Analysis of the applicability of the method for assessing the predicted maximum settlement of the surrounding building development in the engineering and geological conditions of St. Petersburg

The article considers the methods for calculating the predicted maximum settlement of buildings in the zone of influence of a deep pit in the conditions of St. Petersburg. There have been analyzed the results of calculations of the predicted maximum settlement by the semi-empirical method developed by Professor N. S. Nikiforova with the settlement values obtained in Plaxis 2D software package. The authors present the evaluation of the possibility of applying a semi-empirical method for determining the predicted settlement of the surrounding building development in the engineering and geological conditions of St. Petersburg.

Digital diagnostics of assessing social risk with killed at single-level road intersections in Russia

The performers of the federal project «Road Safety» and the national project «Safe and High-Quality Highways» are offered an effective, digital technology necessary to achieve the targets of «social risk» with numbers of killed as a result of road accidents by 2024 per 100 thousand people, on the example of St. Petersburg. This technology uses a tool for diagnostic assessment of road safety at single-level road intersections with a mechanism for visualizing the causes of conflict situations in the wayside crosses of traffic and pedestrian flows that cause accidents.

1736-1740-s: new vector of St. Petersburg development

The article considers the functional zoning of the territory of the Admiralteisky Island in St. Petersburg, which had been formed by the beginning of the 1730-s. The evolution of the living environment of sailors and shipyard workers, which was located on both banks of the Moyka River in St. Petersburg, is considered, and the indicators of the urban development compaction taking place during the indicated period are highlighted. The circumstances of the alteration of the urbanization process strategy, which manifested itself in the second half of the 1730-s, are considered. The author emphasizes the fundamental difference between the concept of the times of Peter the Great and the new trend, when artistic and emotional criteria acquired a decisive importance. There are revealed social and economic foundations of forming the system of urban morphotypes. This system has become a tool for the reconstruction of the existing residential area and a means of rational development of new space. The land use system (regulation of the size of parcels) and the alteration in the transport and planning frame (changing of the street route) are proposed to be considered the key tools for the large-scale de-compaction of inhabited districts. The high rates of urban planning transformations of this time and their radical nature are emphasized. A cluster approach to the use of territorial resources and the formation of buildings on the outskirts of the city (late 1730-s - early 1740-s) is noted. A similarity with the modern practice of locating isolated residential complexes in remote areas is shown. It is recommended to take into account the experience of integrating clusters into the urban environment that started to be practiced in the second half of the XVIII century.

Application of coevolutionary genetic algorithms in the problems of determining the place of contact of investigated objects in the examination of road traffic accident

This article considers the method of applying coevolutionary genetic algorithms when performing an expert study to determine the place of vehicles` collision or the place of a vehicle`s collision with a pedestrian in the reconstruction of a road accident. The results of calculation by the proposed method and calculation by the generally accepted method are compared.

Methodology for assessing availability and user demand for public urban passenger transport stops when developing transport planning documents

The paper describes a method of visual assessment of the availability of public passenger transport stops in accordance with SP (construction norms) 42.13330.2016. A method for mathematical modeling of user demand for public passenger transport stops using the Voronoi diagram is proposed and described.

Rate of deformation in the cross section of a spatially curved rod with various assumptions

The article considers incremental relations connecting the changes in the kinematic parameters of the rod cross section with the deformation rate. These relations allow assessing the deformation rate on the elemental areas of a spatially curved rod, as well as considering the distortion of cross-section in its plane due to shear and torsion. Assessment of such relations between deformation rates and the rates of kinematic parameters allows developing the method of nonlinear calculation of rod systems based on integral expressions. Subsequently, these relations will be used for assessing the tangential stiffness of the rod element cross-section subjected to elastic-plastic calculation.

Comparison analysis of using micrometers and strain gauges for measuring deformations and loads in the method of monitoring the stress-strain state

The micrometer method for measuring deformations and loads in bar elements has proved to be effective not only in laboratory tests, but also in field tests on a real construction site. Having carried out a comparative analysis of the method proposed by the authors for monitoring the stress-strain state (SSS) with the strain gauge method which is widely used at present, the authors have proved that the method for measuring deformations and loads using a micrometer is not inferior in accuracy to the strain gauge method, although it is much cheaper.

Methods of displaying and museumification of historical structures

The preservation and displaying of historical structures and materials of cultural heritage monuments is at present an urgent task, as these elements determine the authenticity of the structure, they illustrate the development of technology, science and construction skills. Identification and museumification of historical structural elements increases the informational value of an architectural object. Among the methods of museumification of historical structures, there can be distinguished five chief methods, namely, full disclosure of structures, exposition archaeological pits and excavations, exposition soundings, usage of under-roof and basement spaces, transfer of historical structures and their elements for display. The article describes the most relevant and promising techniques identified on the basis of the analysis of the most successful modern techniques of displaying historical structures.

High-resolution optical microscopy study of the structure and morphology of nanocellulose used as microadditive to construction composites

The article presents the study results of the structure and morphology of nanocellulose used as a microadditive to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of mineral building binders and composites, with the investigation of a material sample having been performed by high-resolution optical microscopy. The investigations were performed in three optical modes, namely, phase contrast, light field, and crossed nicols. The dimensions of the primary structure elements and the aggregation nature of cellulose microfibers have been determined. The sample was also found to contain micro-impurities of a foreign chemical nature.