scholarly journals 3D revelation of phenotypic variation, evolutionary allometry, and ancestral states of corolla shape: a case study of clade Corytholoma (subtribe Ligeriinae, family Gesneriaceae)

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Chun Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chieh Chou ◽  
Yan-Fu Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Evolutionary Allometry ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
3D Landmarks

Abstract Background Quantification of corolla shape variations helps biologists to investigate plant diversity and evolution. 3D images capture the genuine structure and provide comprehensive spatial information. Results This study applied X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) to acquire 3D structures of the corollas of clade Corytholoma and extracted a set of 415 3D landmarks from each specimen. By applying the geometric morphometrics (GM) to the landmarks, the first 4 principal components (PCs) in the 3D shape and 3D form analyses, respectively, accounted for 87.86% and 96.34% of the total variance. The centroid sizes of the corollas only accounted for 5.46% of the corolla shape variation, suggesting that the evolutionary allometry was weak. The 4 morphological traits corresponding to the 4 shape PCs were defined as tube curvature, lobe area, tube dilation, and lobe recurvation. Tube curvature and tube dilation were strongly associated with the pollination type and contained phylogenetic signals in clade Corytholoma. The landmarks were further used to reconstruct corolla shapes at the ancestral states. Conclusions With the integration of µCT imaging into GM, the proposed approach boosted the precision in quantifying corolla traits and improved the understanding of the morphological traits corresponding to the pollination type, impact of size on shape variation, and evolution of corolla shape in clade Corytholoma.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Challenges and Case Study toward Optimizing Micro-Computed X-Ray Tomography of Carbon Fabric Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3606
Author(s):  
Armin Rashidi ◽  
Tina Olfatbakhsh ◽  
Bryn Crawford ◽  
Abbas S. Milani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Low X ◽  
Composite Fabrics

X-ray computed tomography provides qualitative and quantitative structural and compositional information for a broad range of materials. Yet, its contribution to the field of advanced composites such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers is still limited by factors such as low imaging contrast, due to scarce X-ray attenuation features. This article, through a review of the state of the art, followed by an example case study on Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of low X-ray absorptive dry and prepreg carbon woven fabric composites, aims to highlight and address some challenges as well as best practices on performing scans that can capture key features of the material. In the case study, utilizing an Xradia Micro-CT-400, important aspects such as obtaining sufficient contrast, an examination of thin samples, sample size/resolution issues, and image-based modeling are discussed. The outcome of an optimized workflow in Micro-CT of composite fabrics can assist in further research efforts such as the generation of surface or volume meshes for the numerical modeling of underlying deformation mechanisms during their manufacturing processes.

X-ray micro-computed tomography of burrow-related porosity and permeability in shallow-marine equatorial carbonates: A case study from the Miocene Pirabas Formation, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 104966
Author(s):  
Olga M. Oliveira de Araújo ◽  
Orangel Aguilera ◽  
Giovanni Coletti ◽  
Fernando L. Valencia ◽  
Luis A. Buatois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

scholarly journals Vessel network extraction and analysis of mouse pulmonary vasculature via X-ray micro-computed tomographic imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1008930
Author(s):  
Eric A. Chadwick ◽  
Takaya Suzuki ◽  
Michael G. George ◽  
David A. Romero ◽  
Cristina Amon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Fast Marching Method ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fast Marching ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vessel Network ◽  
Novel Methods

In this work, non-invasive high-spatial resolution three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) of healthy mouse lung vasculature is performed. Methodologies are presented for filtering, segmenting, and skeletonizing the collected 3D images. Novel methods for the removal of spurious branch artefacts from the skeletonized 3D image are introduced, and these novel methods involve a combination of distance transform gradients, diameter-length ratios, and the fast marching method (FMM). These new techniques of spurious branch removal result in the consistent removal of spurious branches without compromising the connectivity of the pulmonary circuit. Analysis of the filtered, skeletonized, and segmented 3D images is performed using a newly developed Vessel Network Extraction algorithm to fully characterize the morphology of the mouse pulmonary circuit. The removal of spurious branches from the skeletonized image results in an accurate representation of the pulmonary circuit with significantly less variability in vessel diameter and vessel length in each generation. The branching morphology of a full pulmonary circuit is characterized by the mean diameter per generation and number of vessels per generation. The methods presented in this paper lead to a significant improvement in the characterization of 3D vasculature imaging, allow for automatic separation of arteries and veins, and for the characterization of generations containing capillaries and intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVA).

3D X-Ray Inspection of a Radio Controlled Airplane Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 828-829 ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton du Plessis ◽  
Stephan Gerhard le Roux ◽  
Herman van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
Light Metal ◽  
Light Metals ◽  
Casting Defects ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Airplane Engine ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Microct Analysis

This paper describes a typical 3D X-ray micro computed tomography (microCT) analysis of light metal parts, from a radio controlled airplane engine. This case study shows the power of 3D X-ray inspection and analysis for this type of material, including information about the size and location of casting defects, the location of turbine blade balancing weights and dimensional measurements indicating the axle was not perfectly centre. Advantages and limitations of the method for light metals are described in general

Morphology and Affinities of Ampelocissites Seeds (Vitaceae: Ampelopsis clade) from the Paleogene of Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Steven R. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fossil Seeds ◽  
Fossil Genus

Abstract—The type material on which the fossil genus name Ampelocissites was established in 1929 has been reexamined with the aid of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning and compared with seeds of extant taxa to assess the relationships of these fossils within the grape family, Vitaceae. The specimens were collected from a sandstone of late Paleocene or early Eocene age. Although originally inferred by Berry to be intermediate in morphology between Ampelocissus and Vitis, the newly revealed details of seed morphology indicate that these seeds represent instead the Ampelopsis clade. Digital cross sections show that the seed coat maintains its thickness over the external surfaces, but diminishes quickly in the ventral infolds. This feature, along with the elliptical chalaza and lack of an apical groove, indicate that Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry probably represents Ampelopsis or Nekemias (rather than Ampelocissus or Vitis) and that the generic name Ampelocissites may be useful for fossil seeds with morphology consistent with the Ampelopsis clade that lack sufficient characters to specify placement within one of these extant genera.

INVESTIGATION OF AUBRITES THROUGH INTEGRATION OF 3D MODAL MINERALOGY WITH X-RAY MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND GEOCHEMISTRY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë E. Wilbur ◽  
◽  
Arya Udry ◽  
Arya Udry ◽  
Daniel M. Coleff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Getting information on suspended sediments in a large river from acoustic backscatter

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
Adrien Vergne ◽  
Céline Berni ◽  
Jérôme Le Coz
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Large River ◽  
Acoustic Backscatter ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
The Common

There has been a growing interest in the last decade in extracting information on Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) from acoustic backscatter in rivers. Quantitative techniques are not yet effective, but acoustic backscatter already provides qualitative information on suspended sediments. In particular, in the common case of a bi-modal sediment size distribution, corrected acoustic backscatter can be used to look for sand particles in suspension and provide spatial information on their distribution throughout a river crosssection. This paper presents a case-study where these techniques have been applied.

scholarly journals Ceramic Biomaterial Pores Stereology Analysis by the Use of Microtomography

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207
Author(s):  
Żaneta Garczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Jaegermann ◽  
Piotr Duda ◽  
Andrzej S. Swinarew ◽  
Sebastian Stach
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Chemical Foaming

The main aim of this study was to analyze microtomographic data to determine the geometric dimensions of a ceramic porous material’s internal structure. Samples of a porous corundum biomaterial were the research material. The samples were prepared by chemical foaming and were measured using an X-ray scanner. In the next stage, 3D images of the samples were generated and analyzed using Thermo Scientific Avizo software. The analysis enabled the isolation of individual pores. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The last part of the research consisted of verifying the developed method by comparing the obtained results with the parameters obtained from the microscopic examinations of the biomaterial. The comparison of the results confirmed the correctness of the developed method. The developed methodology can be used to analyze biomaterial samples to assess the geometric dimensions of biomaterial pores.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document