scholarly journals High-performance Self-lubricating Ceramic Composites with Laminated-graded Structure

10.5772/62538 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Su ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Yae Qi ◽  
Litian Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Graded Structure

The Art and Materials Science of 190-mph Superbikes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-516
Author(s):  
Charles M. Falco
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Sintered Aluminum ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Standard Production

AbstractThe following article is an edited transcript of a talk presented in Symposium X—Frontiers of Materials Research at the 2002 Materials Research Society Fall Meeting in Boston on December 2, 2002. From Bessemer steel used on the first motorized bicycle in 1871 to sintered aluminum ceramic composites and TiN thin-film coatings used on standard production machines today, motorcycles have been at the forefront of the use of high-performance materials. Thanks to developments in materials technology, relatively inexpensive mass-produced motorcycles are now capable of achieving speeds of >190 mph.

X-Ray Refraction Characterization of the Interface Structure of Ceramics

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred P. Hentschel ◽  
Karl-Wolfram Harbich ◽  
Joerg Schors ◽  
Axel Lange
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics ◽  
Nondestructive Characterization

Advanced ceramics require specific methods for their nondestructive characterization. X-ray refraction techniques determine the specific surfaces and interfaces of high performance ceramics, composites and other low density materials down to nano-meter dimensions. X-ray refraction occurs due to the interference of phase shifted X-rays in ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) at objects above 100 nm size. Applications to monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites are presented. The well localized mean pore size of ceramics and the crack growth of ceramic composites are measured non-destructively.

Low Application Temperature Graded Structure Polyolefin Coating System Based on a Next Generation FBE for Strain-Based Design Pipelines Using High Strength Steel

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Edmondson ◽  
Dennis T. Wong ◽  
Robert E. Steele
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Graded Structure ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
New Generation

Pipelines combining strain-based design with the use of thin walled, high strength steel (X80 or higher) present a significant challenge in terms of the availability of suitable coating systems. FBE-based coatings typically require the pipe to be heated to temperatures in the range of 230°C to 250°C for a period of up to 10 minutes in order to achieve optimum properties. The problem is that some of the key properties of such steels can change when they are subjected to such a heat cycle, resulting in a reduction in the tensile elongation at yield, a key requirement with strain-based design pipelines. When such pipelines are being constructed in remote areas, such as Northern Canada, there is the additional requirement that the coating must be robust enough to withstand transportation, handling and construction damage, and be bendable to temperatures as low as −50°C. Graded Structure Polyolefin Systems (GSPO) such as Bredero Shaw’s High Performance Composite Coating (HPCC) have established an excellent track record on pipelines constructed in very cold conditions through very rough terrain. However, such coatings are historically based on conventional fusion-bonded epoxy coatings designed for optimum performance when applied to pipes heated to 230 to 250°C. This paper describes a new version GSPO coating which can be produced without having the pipe temperature exceed 200°C at any point in the process, and which provides performance virtually identical to that of the standard GSPO product. It is the result of a cooperative development between Bredero Shaw and DuPont Powder Coatings, and is based on a new generation of FBE which can be processed at temperatures as low as 175°C with very little sacrifice in resistance to adhesion, as characterized by hot cathodic disbondment. Because the FBE has primary responsibility for providing corrosion resistance, the performance of the new generation FBE applied at low application temperatures was first compared to that of well-established FBE applied at their recommended application temperatures. Cathodic Disbondment (CD) was selected as the key performance test for adhesion because it simulates field conditions for disbonding of a coating from a pipeline with impressed current cathodic protection. Because the measurement of disbondment is on a continuous numerical scale, statistical analysis is possible. The new generation FBE coating performs significantly better in CD testing than conventional FBE when applied at lower application temperatures. Its performance is comparable to the best conventional FBE when applied at 240°C. This performance is maintained in the Low Application Temperature GSPO coating.

Development of Thermoelectric Cooling Devices with Graded Structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 492-493 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kohri ◽  
Ichiro Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Graded Structure ◽  
Cooling Devices

Every thermoelectric material shows high performance at a specific narrow temperature range. The temperature range with high performance can be expanded by joining the materials with different peak temperature. This is the concept of a functionally graded material (FGM) for thermoelectric materials. Bismuth telluride is the best material for cooling devices at around room temperature. Then we investigated the thermoelectric cooling properties for bismuth telluride with two step graded structure. FGM samples were fabricated by three methods. The first FGM was synthesized by in situ method. The second one was fabricated by joining in a hot-press equipment. The last one was composed by joining with solder. Thermoelectric cooling properties were evaluated by observing the maximum temperature drop to electric current when the high temperature side was kept constant. The large temperature difference was obtained when the proper configuration of thermoelectric materials along the temperature gradient were performed. The coincidence of optimum electrical currents of composing materials is also essential to obtain the high cooling performance.

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