Substitution of Fly Ash as Mineral Filler in Wearing Course of Hot Mix Asphalt

Fly Ash (FA) is one of the sustainable materials to substitute Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was found commercialized in construction field but the usage in HMA pavement is limited. Thus, this study is important to promote FA as a sustainable filler instead of using OPC to reduce greenhouse gases. The primary aim is to investigate the Marshall Stability of HMA that incorporating of OPC and FA as filler. In addition, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) determination also conducted in this study. Marshall Stability test was conducted based on ASTM 2006 for both mixtures. The parameters gained from the test are the stability, flow, air void in mix (VIM), void filled bitumen (VFB) and stiffness being used to OBC. The OBC for HMA with OPC filler obtained is 5.06% meanwhile for HMA with FA is 4.79%. All Marshall Parameters was complied with of Malaysia Public Work Department (PWD) Standard for both mixtures. The HMA with FA filler give better results for all parameters. Based on OBC percentage, usage of asphalt binder was reduced at 0.29%. Thus, it was more economical if using FA compared with OPC as a filler. Furthermore, HMA with FA filler have better stability and strength as well as lesser deformation with HMA with OPC filler. For the overall, FA have huge potential in substituting other mineral filler to produce better quality of asphalt pavement.

Hazard Exposure and Health Assessment of Construction Workers in New Delhi, India

Introduction: Construction workers are at a risk of a number of health-related problems, and are exposed to a plethora of occupational hazards. Due to dearth of studies on construction workers about various determinants playing key role on their health. Objectives: 1) To determine the socio-demographic status of construction workers. 2) To assess workplace hazard exposure among study subjects. 3) To evaluate the overall health of the study subjects. Method: An opportunity was created in a general health camp organised by Department of Community Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi in collaboration with Central Public Work Department (C.P.W.D) Officers’ Wives Association. All the construction workers attending the health camp were approached and only those who consented were included in the study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was filled for all the study subjects. Along with the questionnaire, detailed clinical examination was done, blood pressure and random blood sugar was measured. Simple tables and cross tables were made to present the data. Result: Total 129 construction workers were included in the study. Nearly 87% of the workers were employed on temporary or contract basis. 63.6% (n=82) spent 8 to 12 hours per day at work. Around half of the construction workers earned Rs. 10,000 per month or less. Thermal stress affected the maximum number of workers (54.3%), followed by dust (53.5%), followed by noise (38%). Around 10% (13) of the workers complained of having some health problem. Various complaints were generalised body ache, headache, weakness, fever, cough, cold, blood in sputum, decreased appetite and blood in stools. Conclusion: Construction workers are suffering from adverse health problems. There is the importance of regulating work hours of construction workers, periodic training on safe work culture and ways to reduce workplace injuries.

MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURE CONTAINING CUP LUMP RUBBER

The use of cup lump rubber as an additive in asphalt binder has recently become the main interest of the paving industry. The innovation helps to increase the natural rubber consumption and stabilize the rubber price. This study evaluates the mechanical performance of cup lump rubber modified asphalt (CMA) mixture in terms of resilient modulus, dynamic creep and indirect tensile strength under aging conditions. The CMA mixture was prepared using dense-graded Marshall-designed mix and the observed behavior was compared with that of conventional mixture. From the results, both mixtures passed the volumetric properties as accordance to Malaysian Public Work Department (PWD) specification. The addition of cup lump rubber provides better resistance against permanent deformation through the enhanced properties of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the resilient modulus of CMA mixture performed better under aging conditions.

Effectiveness Analysis of Transverse Rumble Strip using the Image Processing Technique

Transverse rumble strip is a traffic calming device which usually installed at the vicinity of schools and accident prone spots. The Malaysia Public Work Department has introduced the latest high performance thermoplastic rumble strips as an intervention along blackspot stretches in Malaysia. This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the new rumble strips installed at SMK Sri Lalang in Kluang, Johor, with respect to the operational speed variation immediately upstream and downstream of the rumble strips area. Operational speed data acquisition was carried out by using the unmanned aerial vehicle or drone and image processing technique. Drone can be used as an alternative to other image recording devices such as telescopic mast. The presence of a drone is often unnoticed by drivers thus giving the advantage of obtaining naturalistic data. The footages from drone were analysed using the image processing technique to ensure every vehicles were taken into account, compare to handheld device such as speed laser gun that can only detect speed of selected vehicles. The operational speeds were analyzed to obtain parameters namely pace, median, and 85th percentiles speed. The results proved that the new rumble strips succeed to reduce speed of vehicles from 7 to 13 kilometer per hour, which are 7 to 18 percent from the initial speed, respectively.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT ON THE NETWORK SYSTEM IN PERAK DURING BRITISH COLONIAL ERA, 1874-1941

The Public Work Department had a very important role in the urbanization process in the state of Perak. It was founded in 1872 and the new organization was introduced. The role and involvement of British officers were becoming wider to meet the need in administrative and professional fields such as engineering and architecture. The research was carried out by using qualitative methods of collecting the data and information on the role of the Public Work Department in the networking system development in the state of Perak. The approaches of document analysis, such as the Federated Malay States Government Gazette, Federated Malay States Annual Report of Railways and Perak Secretariat, which obtained from the National Archived of Malaysia has been emphasized in collecting the data. The writing and research on Perak development also been referred to as strengthening the finding of the study. The finding shows that there were various plans and development, implementation was carried out after the establishment of the Public Work Department in Perak. The plan and implementation involve the matters relating to the construction, infrastructure facilities of railways connection and roads. Among them was the construction of the first railway link which connects Taiping and Port Weld. The construction of the railway network was increasing throughout the state until the 1930’s. Therefore, the Public Works Department has played a major role in ensuring that the implementation of the communication system is well structured and successful.

Experimental study on use of reclaimed asphalt pavement as aggregate substitution for flexible pavement

This study is to assess the suitability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a coarse aggregate substitution for flexible pavement mixture. The RAP in this investigation was taken from roads in Padang, Indonesia. There were three types of flexible pavement chosen to be tested for RAP substitution, i.e. Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC), Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC), and Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC). Laboratory studies have been carried out on flexible pavement mixes with RAP material and their performance has been compared with flexible pavement without RAP substitution. Marshall tests were carried out in laboratory as per 2010 specification 6th division from Indonesia Public Work Department standard. The effects of RAP on physical and rheological properties of the final bituminous blend were investigated. The research aims to find out the effect of RAP as coarse aggregate substitution to the flexible pavement characteristics, i.e. Stability, Flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Void in Mix (VIM) and Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA). The percentage of RAP substitution is 35%, 55%, and 60%. From the results of the tests in the laboratory, it was concluded that the AC-WC pavement was more appropriate due to, it has achieved the highest Marshall stability, with VIM, VMA, and VFB were in the standard.

Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (ISO 14001.2004) Pada Proses Konstruksi Gedung Kantor Dinas Pekerjaan Umum (PU) Provinsi Riau

Construction of the new office building for Public Work Department based on condition of the old building on Riau Street no. 1 Pekanbaru that cannot accommodate official activities, narrow area include with the cause of the traffic jamming in the intersection at Jenderal AhmadYani street.The Government of Riau Province through Public Work Department plans a new modern building office, and becomes the first building in Sumatra that applies green building concept. The aim of the research is to describes perseption from all who mixed up in the project to the application of ISO 14001.2004 and to analizes the application performance during the construction. The primary data is taken by range survey in the project site, the sample is taken by purposive sampling from the owner, consultant, and contractor population. From the research known that 48% respondents clarify the data is formally appropriate and perfectly fullfill the criteria in determine the principals of ISO 14001, while 46% clarify that some of those principals needs to be enhanced and 6% respondents clarify that there is unappropriation in the application. In the process of the building construction, PT. Waskita Karya (Persero) as the contractor has no satisfaction performance inenviromental management system yet, considering that PT. Waskita Karya (Persero) has low performance in some of the principals of ISO 14001.2004.

Malaysian Transverse Rumble Strips: A Review and Recommendations for Practice

Transverse rumble strips (TRS) is a common choice to reduce vehicle speed and increase driver alertness on roadway. TRS is a series of marked (either flat or raised) transverse bars placed across the road in direction of traffic flow. It functions to assist driver to become aware through optical, vibration and audible effect thus encouraging drivers to reduce speed and increase their alertness in order to face any hazard that may exist ahead. Although often being used, in reality TRS usage in Malaysia still has some aspects that can be improved. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the definition of thermoplastic TRS, its effectiveness, standard guidelines in Malaysia, thermoplastic materials and colour and also to propose the recommendation in regard practice of TRS in order to increase its effectiveness. Besides the available literature source in the light of the latest published findings, personal interview have been done to several authorities which are headquarter and district public work department, local municipal and university regarding TRS application guidelines and practice in Malaysia. The authors synthesize the available findings on the TRS performance and standard guidelines to propose some recommendations for a better application practice of TRS in particular in Malaysia. The proposal of all the findings hopefully would be beneficial to authorities in improving the practices of TRS.