scholarly journals Shading as a means of mitigating water deficit in seedlings of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Edinéia M.M. BARTIERES ◽  
Silvana P.Q. SCALON ◽  
Daiane M. DRESCH ◽  
Edvânia A.S. CARDOSO ◽  
Mailson V. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research it was hypothesized that Campomanesia xanthocarpa can overcome some level of water deficiency by adjusting physiological parameters and that shading minimizes the water deficit effects while maintaining elevated photosynthetic rates and relative water content of the leaves and makes a resumption of metabolism and growth when the water supply is normalized. The seedlings were submitted to two water regimes (continuous irrigation - CI and intermittent irrigation - II), three shading percentages (0, 30 and 70%) and six evaluation times (Start - T0, 1st Photosynthesis Zero - 1st P0, 1st Recovery - 1st REC, 2nd Photosynthesis Zero - 2nd P0, 2nd Recovery - 2nd REC and END). Plants under water deficit at 0% shading led to a reduction in photosynthetic metabolism, relative water content (RWC), leaf area, number of leaves, and height, especially during the stress periods 1st and 2nd P0. The 30 and 70% shading mitigated the stressful effect of water deficit on C. xanthocarpa seedlings. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that C. xanthocarpa seedlings are intolerant to water deficit since, although sensitive, they presented a potential for recovery of photosynthetic and growth characteristics under all cultivation conditions. It was concluded that that shading minimizes the stressful effects of water deficit.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficiency and Potassium Application on Plant Growth, Osmolytes and Grain Yield of Brassica Napus Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Ali ◽  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Gul Daraz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Brassica Crop ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Potassium Application

Abstract One of the major issues with brassica oil seed production is the water requirement of the brassica crop. To address the problem, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) and water deficiency levels on canola (Brassica napus L.). Analysis of the data revealed that application of K, irrigation and interactions between irrigation and cultivar (I x C), irrigation and potassium (I x K), potassium and cultivar (K x C), and irrigation and cultivar and potassium (I x C x K) had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on shoot proline content, relative water content, plant fresh weight and grain yield. Potassium application, irrigation and interaction between I x C, K x C, and I x C x K had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on shoot sugar content. Water deficiency increased shoot proline and sugar contents and decreased relative water content. Potassium application increased shoot proline level in a dose dependent manner. Minimum proline and sugar contents and maximum relative water content, plant fresh and dry weight and yield were obtained when 100% irrigation was applied. Maximum grain yield was obtained upon application of 100% irrigation in combination with 120 kg ha−1 K.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters in sugarcane cultivars submitted to water deficit

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Perez da Graça ◽  
Fabiana Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
José Renato Bouças Farias ◽  
Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira ◽  
Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water

To investigate the processes involved in the susceptibility of sugarcane plants to water deficit, several physiological parameters were evaluated in drought tolerant (SP83-2847 and CTC15) and sensitive (SP86-155) cultivars. The water deficit affected the photosynthetic apparatus of all the plants in different ways, within and among cultivars. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased significantly in all cultivars submitted to water deficit. In control plants of the tolerant cultivars (SP83-2847 and CTC15) the photosynthetic rate was higher than in the sensitive cultivar (SP86-155). Cultivar CTC15 showed the highest relative water content during the dry period. The quantum efficiency photosystem II of cultivar SP83-2847 was more stable in the last days of the experimental treatment, suggesting that the decline in relative water content stimulated an adjustment of photosynthetic capacity to tolerate the changes in water availability. As a whole, the tolerant SP83-2847 and CTC15 cultivars exhibited a better photosynthetic performance than the sensitive SP86-155 cultivar. The data suggest that these physiological parameters can be used in the evaluation and distinction of drought tolerant and sensitive sugarcane genotypes.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Biochar and Chitosan on Antioxidative Capacity, Osmolytes Accumulation, and Anatomical Characters of Water-Stressed Barley Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Salman Alamery ◽  
Abdelhalim Ghazy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Doss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The impact of biochar and chitosan on barley plants under drought stress conditions was investigated during two field experiments. Our results confirmed that drought stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth traits of barley plants such as plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll concentrations, and relative water content. However, electrolyte leakage (EL%), lipid peroxidation (MDA), soluble sugars, sucrose and starch contents significantly increased as a response to drought stress. Additionally, 1000 grain weight, grains yield ha−1 and biological yield significantly decreased in stressed barley plants, also anatomical traits such as upper epidermis, lower epidermis, lamina, and mesophyll tissue thickness as well as vascular bundle diameter of flag leaves significantly decreased compared with control. The use of biochar and chitosan led to significant increases in plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll concentrations as well as relative water content; nevertheless these treatments led to significant decreases in electrolyte leakage (EL%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the stressed plants. Moreover, anatomical and yield characters of stressed barley plants were improved with application of biochar and chitosan. The results proved the significance of biochar and chitosan in alleviating the damaging impacts of drought on barley plants.

scholarly journals Study of Some Mechanisms of Tolerance and Avoidance of Water Deficit in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Mimouna Zerrouki ◽  
Zineb Regagba ◽  
Ahmed Adda
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Some mechanisms of drought tolerance and avoidance have been studied in eight barley genotypes. These include three local cultivars (Ttichedrett, Beldi, Saida) and five introduced (Malouh, Seg09, Mari29, Awblack, Beecher) which were grown under three different water supply (100% FC, 60% FC, 30% FC). The increase in intensity of the water deficit reduces differently the relative water content among tested genotypes. Thus, in the treatment of 60% FC, this reduction varies between 1% (Beldi) and 6% (Tichedrett, Beecher), while in the lot of 30% FC it reaches the limits of 3% (Beldi) and 18% (Seg09). The results show that plants grown under water deficit (60% CC, 30% FC) accumulate significantly soluble sugars (r = 0.54**) and K+ (r = 0.26**) compared to control plants (100% CC). Thus, under 30% FC, the accumulation of soluble sugars reached values of 195% and 208% observed at Mari29 and Awblack. The accentuation of the water deficit causes a significant reduction of the RWL particularly after 120 mn (r = -0.27**) which is accompanied by an increase of the stomatic resistance (r = 0.53**). To limit dehydration under the water deficit, tested genotypes were distinguished into three groups by adopting avoidance, tolerance or by combining the two strategies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
TOHARI TOHARI ◽  
DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Relative Water

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).<br />Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah peka<br />terhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebih<br />sering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehingga<br />dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,<br />Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)<br />dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />mengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor pada<br />tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.<br />Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,<br />Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat interval<br />penyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruh<br />cekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologi<br />tanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadar<br />lengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandungan<br />air nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,<br />konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,<br />sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakin<br />lamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 hari<br />sekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan respon<br />varietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakter<br />fisiologis.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that produces<br />patchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible to<br />drought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall pattern<br />caused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it is<br />important to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.<br />Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouli<br />which produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchouli<br />alcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluate<br />the physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.<br />The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor from<br />February to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorial<br />block design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was four<br />varieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, and<br />Bio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6<br />and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiological<br />characteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpiration<br />rate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content of<br />leaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,<br />transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf water<br />potential and proline levels increased along with the increase of watering<br />intervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days watering<br />treatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have not<br />different responses to water deficit.<br />Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiological<br />characteristics</p>

Epicuticular-wax removal influences gas exchange and water relations in the leaves of an exotic and native species from a Brazilian semiarid region under induced drought stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla V. Figueiredo ◽  
Marciel T. Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Fernando M. Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela C. Silva ◽  
Mauro G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Relative Water

The primary physiological function of the leaf cuticle is to limit water loss. Thus, in the present study, we examined the hypothesis that variation in the quality and content of the epicuticular wax between different species influences leaf gas exchange. Plants of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Bailon, a Brazilian semiarid native, and Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), an exotic species, were subjected to a water deficit in the presence or absence of epicuticular wax. Plants were grown in 10-L pots under greenhouse conditions. The relative water content, gas-exchange parameters and primary carbon metabolism were measured at 21 days after the irrigation was reduced to induce a water deficit. The well-watered plants of both species showed recovery of gas exchange days after the removal of epicuticular wax. Furthermore, under drought, a gradual increase in transpiration rates was observed only in the leaves of native species without wax, although the stomatal conductance did not differ between the species. High relative water content was maintained, except in the leaves under drought and without wax from Day 13 onward, when compared with all other treatments. The wax production was induced in both species under water shortage. Nevertheless, the native species showed a higher content of long-chain n-alkanes. In fact, the barrier to water vapour under reduced stomatal conductance was highest in the native species.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of Hybrid, Open Pollinated Variety and Local Maize (Zea mays L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sah ◽  
OB Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Relative Water

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit on vegetative and reproductive stages of Hybrid, Open pollinated (OPV) and Local varieties of maize. Water deficit at vegetative stage significantly reduced plant height, leaf area, shoot dry matter, root dry matter of the upper 25 cm depth, kernel number and grain yield per plant as compared to well watered plant. Water deficit at reproductive stage reduced more leaf area, kernel number and grain yield per plant than water deficit at vegetative stage. Water deficit at reproductive stage also reduced shoot dry matter, kernel size and harvest index. Leaf water potential and relative water content taken at 58 and 60 days after planting were also reduced by water deficit. The Local variety was taller with smaller kernel size and lower harvest index than Open pollinated and Hybrid varieties. There were no significant interactions among the varieties and water deficit treatments. Key words: Leaf water potential, relative water content, vegetative and reproductive stages, harvest index J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:37-42 (2005)

scholarly journals Cell Membrane Stability and Relative Water Content of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
A. M. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research the cell membrane stability (CMS), relative water content (RWC) and effect of different water interval on Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) was assessed. The cell membrane stability and relative water content of the plant shows the physiological activity of the plant. The plant sample was subjected to three different watering regimes viz: one, two- and three-days intervals with a control sample irrigated daily for a period of twelve months. Uniform stalk of lemon grass plants were planted into a depth of 7.5 cm composted soil, each treatment was made in triplicate. The evaluated growth parameters where height of the plant, number of leaves and tillers, which were taken weekly for period of twelve months (year). The height shows a significant difference from first to twelfth month after planting. The height of the plant increases simultaneous with the age of the plant. First month after planting show significant difference in height of sample watered daily and treated samples.  The results shows that the RWC (07.14%) and CMS (52.58%) was low in samples under water stress respectively when compared to well-watered samples (55.41%). No significant difference was observed between samples under one, two and three days interval. The number of leaves differs significantly in the first MAP except in the samples watered daily and three days interval. Maximum number of leaves was achieved at twelfth MAP under one day interval (137.33) followed by samples watered daily (126) and two days interval, while three days interval has the least number of leaves (leaf number). The number of tillers shows significant differences between the means at fifth and sixth MAP, (fifth MAP = 73.33 and sixth MAP = 126) and the treatments under one day intervals (fifth MAP = 18.33 and sixth MAP = 35.67). In the research, samples watered daily and under one day intervals shows high productivity when compared to the remaining treatment.

scholarly journals Application of Cyanobacteria (Roholtiella sp.) Liquid Extract for the Alleviation of Salt Stress in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants Grown in a Soilless System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Adewale Suraj Bello ◽  
Radhouane Ben-Hamadou ◽  
Helmi Hamdi ◽  
Imen Saadaoui ◽  
Talaat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Relative Water

Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that affect crop growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Unfortunately, there are few known methods to mitigate the deleterious impacts of salt stress on the development and yield of vegetable crops. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are endowed with the potential to curb the negative impacts of salt stress as they are characterized by biostimulant properties. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of Roholtiella sp. as a foliar extract on the growth characteristics, physiological and biochemical responses of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under varying levels of salinity conditions. A soilless water experiment was carried out in a greenhouse where bell pepper seedlings were grown under five salt concentrations (0, 50, 200, 150, and 200 mM of NaCl). Growth characteristics, pigments content, relative water content, and antioxidant activity (CAT) were determined. Our results showed that growth parameters, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a & b concentrations under salinity conditions were negatively affected at the highest concentration (200 mM). Interestingly, the application of Roholtiella sp. foliar extract enhanced the plant growth characteristics as shoot length increased by 17.014%, fresh weight by 39.15%, dry and weight by 31.02%, at various salt treatments. Moreover, chlorophyll a and b increased significantly compared with seedlings sprayed with water. Similarly, RWC exhibited a significant increase (92.05%) compared with plants sprayed with water. In addition, antioxidants activities and accumulation of proline were improved in Roholtella sp. extract foliar sprayed seedlings compared to the plants foliar sprayed with water. Conclusively, at the expiration of our study, the Rohotiella sp. extract-treated plants were found to be more efficient in mitigating the deleterious effects caused by the salinity conditions which is an indication of an enhancement potential of tolerating salt-stressed plants when compared to the control group.

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